{"id":1774,"date":"2026-03-13T00:34:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T17:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thiet-ke-he-thong-duong-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao-cho-nha-may-cong-nghiep\/"},"modified":"2026-03-13T00:34:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T17:34:58","slug":"thiet-ke-he-thong-duong-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao-cho-nha-may-cong-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thiet-ke-he-thong-duong-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao-cho-nha-may-cong-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng Inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-ung-dung-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat-chinh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-lua-chon-vat-lieu-inox-theo-moi-truong-va-ap-suat\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-thiet-ke-co-tinh-do-day-ong-hang-ap-va-code-ap-dun\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng, h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p v\u00e0 code \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-ket-noi-phu-kien-va-van-cho-he-thong-ap-luc-cao\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 van cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-han-xu-ly-be-mat-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">H\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-tra-ap-luc-chay-thu-va-an-toan\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-thiet-ke-gia-do-gian-no-nhiet-va-rung-dong\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-van-hanh-va-bao-tri-trong-dieu-kien-viet-nam\">V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-bang-kiem-trien-khai-nhanh\">B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-vi-du-cau-hinh-tham-khao-tuyen-25-bar-120c-dung-di\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o: Tuy\u1ebfn 25 bar, 120\u00b0C, dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 3%<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng Inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u: v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u01a1i, kh\u00ed n\u00e9n, d\u1ea7u\/gas, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\u2026 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u00e0n, th\u1eed \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u2014 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-ung-dung-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat-chinh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: acid\/baz\u01a1, dung d\u1ecbch NaCl\/NaOH, dung m\u00f4i, H2S\/sour service. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i bay h\u01a1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#038; h\u01a1i: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i trung\/cao \u00e1p, condensate, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, hydrogen, oxy. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t\/\u00e1p, s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u1edbi O2.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng t\u00e0u &#038; ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ballast, c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa, desalination\/RO. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 \u0111i\u1ec3m\/ch\u1ed1ng SSC trong ion chloride, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea3i \u00e1p tham kh\u1ea3o: 16\u2013300 bar; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: -40 \u0111\u1ebfn 400\u00b0C (t\u00f9y m\u00e1c th\u00e9p); ti\u00eau ch\u00ed: \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ch\u1ecbu rung, ch\u1ed1ng b\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-lua-chon-vat-lieu-inox-theo-moi-truong-va-ap-suat\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L (1.4301\/1.4307): \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba; kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho chloride >50 ppm khi T > 60\u00b0C do nguy c\u01a1 SCC.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (1.4401\/1.4404): th\u00eam Mo, kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; d\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i lo\u00e3ng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9; v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 SCC chloride khi T > 60\u201380\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321\/347: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (Ti\/Nb) cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a; kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L: Mo+Cu cao, t\u1ed1t cho acid v\u00f4 c\u01a1\/h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; gi\u00e1 cao, kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n h\u01a1n 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803): \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ~2\u00d7 316L, PREN ~34\u201336, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/SCC chloride v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, dung d\u1ecbch chloride \u0111\u1ebfn ~150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Super Duplex 2507: PREN > 40 cho chloride r\u1ea5t cao\/nhi\u1ec7t cao; chi ph\u00ed cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310S\/316H\/321H: cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao\/creep (th\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u01a1i\/kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng clo).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 H2S\/sour: ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, ch\u1ecdn duplex hay austenitic ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/RO\/ballast, 30\u201360 bar: 2205 ho\u1eb7c 2507.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 2\u20133% \u1edf 30\u201380\u00b0C, 20\u201340 bar: t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 316L; \u01b0u ti\u00ean 2205 n\u1ebfu T > 60\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ed7 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, 20\u201380 bar: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 321\/321H\/316H; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n Inox.<\/p>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng: ASTM A312 (seamless\/welded), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: ASME B36.19M (schedule 5S\/10S\/40S\/80S\/160).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u: ASTM A403 (WP304L, WP316L, WP2205\u2026), h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: ASME B16.9.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch &#038; chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e8n: ASTM A182 (F304L, F316L, F51\/2205\u2026), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch: ASME B16.5 (Class 150\u20132500) ho\u1eb7c EN 1092-1 (PN16\u2013PN100).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n r\u00e8n nh\u1ecf: ASME B16.11 (socket-weld\/threaded) cho k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf\/h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p cao.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASTM A312\/A403\/A182; ASME B36.19M; ASME B16.5\/B16.9\/B16.11.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-thiet-ke-co-tinh-do-day-ong-hang-ap-va-code-ap-dun\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng, h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p v\u00e0 code \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Code thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASME B31.3 (Process Piping) cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B31.1 (Power Piping) cho h\u01a1i\/l\u00f2 h\u01a1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 13480 (piping kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) khi theo h\u1ec7 EN.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\/vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ASME\/EN; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u EN 10204 3.1, truy xu\u1ea5t heat number, MTR.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASME B31.3; ASME B31.1; EN 13480.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng theo ASME B31.3 (quy tr\u00ecnh + v\u00ed d\u1ee5)<\/h3>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<br \/>\n1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh P thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, T thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p S t\u1ea1i T), h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n E, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Y.<br \/>\n2) T\u00ednh t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c theo 304.1.2 (ASME B31.3).<br \/>\n3) C\u1ed9ng dung sai c\u00e1n (-12.5%), allowance \u0103n m\u00f2n (CA, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 1\u20132 mm), v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n4) Ch\u1ecdn schedule ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ea7n\/nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n; ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee1, rung.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ee3i \u00fd: Tuy\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng 2&#8243; (OD 60.3 mm), P = 25 bar, T = 120\u00b0C, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 316L (S \u2248 130 MPa theo ASME II-D), \u1ed1ng seamless (E = 1.0), Y = 0.4.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ASME B31.3 (304.1.2).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00eam CA = 1.0 mm v\u00e0 dung sai c\u00e1n 12.5%.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ecdn schedule 40S (t danh ngh\u0129a 3.91 mm) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/\u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n tra b\u1ea3ng S theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\/bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ASME. Ngu\u1ed3n: ASME B31.3, Section 304; ASME Section II-D (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb S).<\/p>\n<h3>H\u1ea1ng \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASME B16.5: Class 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng Pressure-Temperature Rating ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (F316L, F51\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u1edbi 316L \u1edf ~120\u00b0C, Class 150 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho 25 bar; Class 300 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (c\u1ea7n tra b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c).<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 1092-1: PN16\/25\/40\/63\/100. Tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn h\u1ec7 PN v\u00e0 ASME Class n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASME B16.5; EN 1092-1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-ket-noi-phu-kien-va-van-cho-he-thong-ap-luc-cao\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 van cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u (butt-weld) cho DN\u226525 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n; chu\u1ea9n m\u00e9p h\u00e0n: ASME B16.25.<br \/>\n&#8211; Socket-weld r\u00e8n (B16.11) d\u00f9ng cho DN nh\u1ecf, h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p cao; tr\u00e1nh ren cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng\/kh\u00ed nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 P cao do nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2.<br \/>\n&#8211; Van:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ed5ng (gate)\/ch\u1eb7n (globe)\/bi (ball)\/kim (needle) t\u00f9y d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00e2n: CF8M\/316, F51\/2205 v\u1edbi seat PTFE, PEEK ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i; kh\u00ed\/h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng seat kim lo\u1ea1i\/graphite.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Chu\u1ea9n: API 600\/602 (gate), API 623 (globe), API 608\/6D (ball); ISO 15848 (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p); API 607 (fire-safe) khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-han-xu-ly-be-mat-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">H\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n: GTAW\/TIG (root), SMAW\/GMAW\/Orbital cho pass; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c purge argon b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201csugaring\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: ER308L\/ER316L\/ER2209\u2026; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a; ch\u1ecdn \u201cL\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: WPS\/PQR theo ASME IX ho\u1eb7c ISO 15614; th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n theo ISO 9606-1\/ASME IX.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 &#038; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: ASTM A380\/A967; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: PMI (XRF\/OES) cho 5\u201310% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng; ferrite s\u1ed1 cho duplex 25\u201360% v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n (theo WPS).<br \/>\n&#8211; NDT: PT cho inox austenitic, MT cho ph\u1ea7n ferromag; RT\/UT cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn (helium\/kh\u00ed tr\u01a1) khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASME IX; ISO 9606-1; ASTM A380\/A967.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-tra-ap-luc-chay-thu-va-an-toan\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c: theo ASME B31.3, th\u01b0\u1eddng 1.5\u00d7 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed); gi\u1eef \u00e1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2\/bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed kh\u00ed n\u00e9n: ch\u1ec9 khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc; r\u1ee7i ro cao, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 1.1\u20131.25\u00d7, quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m quanh tuy\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 an to\u00e0n: van an to\u00e0n PSV, \u0111\u0129a v\u1ee1, x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed\/tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng (vent\/drain) t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cao\/th\u1ea5p; kh\u00f3a c\u00f4 l\u1eadp k\u00e9p khi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASME B31.3, Chapter VI (Inspection, Examination, and Testing).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-thiet-ke-gia-do-gian-no-nhiet-va-rung-dong\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed anchor\/guide\/stop h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf b\u1eb1ng loop\/U, \u1ed1ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c spring hanger khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ee9ng l\u1ef1c\/dao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Caesar II) cho tuy\u1ebfn d\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec7t cao ho\u1eb7c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb xoay.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng van, b\u00ecnh t\u00edch \u00e1p, tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea3i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: gi\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t (tham chi\u1ebfu TCVN 9386 cho t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-van-hanh-va-bao-tri-trong-dieu-kien-viet-nam\">V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; CUI (\u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o \u00f4n): ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o \u00f4n \u00edt chloride (\u226410 ppm ion Cl\u2013), l\u1edbp b\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ed1t, b\u1ecbt k\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u00ean; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh\/ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5: ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng\/t\u1ea5m b\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng halogen; t\u00ednh to\u00e1n dew point \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecdng s\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gasket v\u00e0 bulong:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gasket: spiral wound 316L + graphite cho h\u01a1i\/nhi\u1ec7t; PTFE\/expanded PTFE cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; theo ASME B16.20.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Bulong: A193 B7\/B16 v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c A194 2H trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4\/n\u00f3ng; d\u00f9ng B8M Cl.2 (316) trong chloride \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh SCC\/galvanic.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u v\u1edbi O2; n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a chloride cao; passivation \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho tuy\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASME B16.20; th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t CUI (NACE SP0198).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-bang-kiem-trien-khai-nhanh\">B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh P, T, m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd an to\u00e0n (SIL\/PSV).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c Inox d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0103n m\u00f2n (chloride, pH, H2S), nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn code (ASME B31.3\/B31.1 ho\u1eb7c EN 13480) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ASTM.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y + CA; ch\u1ecdn schedule theo B36.19M; ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p m\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/van theo b\u1ea3ng P\u2013T c\u1ee7a B16.5\/API.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng WPS\/PQR; k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch NDT\/PMI; quy tr\u00ecnh pickling\/passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1\/gi\u00e3n n\u1edf; xem x\u00e9t b\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc\/rung; b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed vent\/drain.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp ITP (k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m), hydrotest, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u00e0n giao: MTR\/3.1, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o NDT, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed \u00e1p, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u00e0n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 as-built.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-vi-du-cau-hinh-tham-khao-tuyen-25-bar-120c-dung-di\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o: Tuy\u1ebfn 25 bar, 120\u00b0C, dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 3%<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ed7\/SCC, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u2265 15 n\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u01b0a ch\u1ecdn: Duplex 2205 (\u1ed1ng ASTM A312 S32205; ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n A403 WP-WX\/WP2205; m\u1eb7t b\u00edch A182 F51), do PREN cao v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n g\u1ea5p ~2 l\u1ea7n 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf (\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i): 316L cho P = 25 bar n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n, T \u2264 80\u00b0C trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Cl\u2013; ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro SCC khi T ~120\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch c\u1ee1 2&#8243;:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng: 2205, Sch 40S (ho\u1eb7c theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft); m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n GTAW + purge, que ER2209.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch: ASME B16.5 Class 300, RF; bulong A193 B8M Cl.2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gasket: spiral wound 316L + graphite (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Van: ball valve trunnion Class 300, th\u00e2n CF3M\/2205, seat PTFE\/PEEK, ISO 15848.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ea3o \u00f4n: b\u00f4ng kho\u00e1ng low-chloride + \u00e1o t\u00f4n 316L; chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; QC: PMI 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u00ednh, ferrite s\u1ed1 cho v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n duplex 25\u201360%, pickling\/passivation theo ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u00e1p: hydrotest 1.5\u00d7P thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; v\u1ec7 sinh, x\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1i, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: V\u1edbi 316L trong NaCl 3% \u1edf 120\u00b0C, nguy c\u01a1 SCC\/r\u1ed7 cao; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0103n m\u00f2n\/phi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ngu\u1ed3n: NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 H2S); d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0103n m\u00f2n austenitic vs duplex t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u NACE.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME B31.3 \u2013 Process Piping; ASME B31.1 \u2013 Power Piping.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B16.5\/B16.9\/B16.11\/B16.20; ASME B36.19M.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng Inox), ASTM A403 (ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n), ASTM A182 (m\u1eb7t b\u00edch), ASTM A380\/A967 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 13480 (Piping kim lo\u1ea1i), EN 1092-1 (m\u1eb7t b\u00edch).<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S); NACE SP0198 (ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t CUI).<br \/>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb tra c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng Inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c th\u00e9p theo m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean duplex cho chloride\/n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME\/EN, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y + CA v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn schedule s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/van \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 NDT nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u00e1p \u0111\u00fang quy chu\u1ea9n; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1\/gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ed1t; ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba CUI trong kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft, b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho \u1ed1ng\/ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Inox 304\/316\/2205 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/ASME t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c Inox, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p, h\u00e0n, th\u1eed \u00e1p v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n theo ASME\/EN cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}