{"id":1782,"date":"2026-03-15T00:34:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T17:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-316l-la-chuan-vang-chong-an-mon-cho-nganh-dong-tau\/"},"modified":"2026-03-15T00:34:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T17:34:59","slug":"vi-sao-inox-316l-la-chuan-vang-chong-an-mon-cho-nganh-dong-tau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-316l-la-chuan-vang-chong-an-mon-cho-nganh-dong-tau\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao inox 316L l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-316l-song-khoe-trong-moi-truong-nuoc-bien\">V\u00ec sao 316L \u201cs\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe\u201d trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-316l-so-voi-cac-vat-lieu-pho-bien-trong-dong-tau\">316L so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tren-tau-va-ngoai-khoi\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tieu-chuan-tinh-chat-co-hoc-va-quy-cach\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thiet-ke-va-gia-cong-lam-dung-de-dung-ben\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng: l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ec1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-nhung-gioi-han-ban-can-biet-khi-dung-316l\">Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi d\u00f9ng 316L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-chi-phi-vong-doi-vi-sao-316l-kinh-te-hon\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: v\u00ec sao 316L kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-goi-y-lua-chon-nhanh-khi-nao-316l-la-du-tot\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh: khi n\u00e0o 316L l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nen-mua-316l-nhu-the-nao-cho-du-an-dong-tau-o-viet\">N\u00ean mua 316L nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong b\u1ee9c tranh \u201cInox trong C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p N\u1eb7ng: H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f3ng t\u00e0u\u201d, inox 316L n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u lu\u00f4n l\u00e0: t\u1ea1i sao 316L, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e1c kh\u00e1c? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-316l-song-khoe-trong-moi-truong-nuoc-bien\">V\u00ec sao 316L \u201cs\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe\u201d trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c: AISI 316L (UNS S31603; EN 1.4404; JIS SUS316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng): Cr 16.5\u201318.5; Ni 10\u201314; Mo 2.0\u20132.5; C \u22640.03; Mn \u22642; Si \u22641; P \u22640.045; S \u22640.03; N \u22640.05.<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N. V\u1edbi 316L \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, PREN \u2248 24\u201325, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi 304\/304L (\u224818\u201319), cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting\/\u0103n m\u00f2n khe t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mo (~2\u20132.5%) t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n khe do ion Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (\u22640.03%) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit Cr23C6 \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t khi h\u00e0n\/gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1nh \u201cnh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a\u201d v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1ea1t. 316L v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 316 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L l\u00e0 austenit: dai va \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 316L c\u00f3:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (th\u01b0\u1eddng <0.1 mm\/n\u0103m khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ed7\/khe).\n- Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed7 (CPT) trong dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 3.5% th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201320\u00b0C; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed7 khe th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u00dd ngh\u0129a: d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n, v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng m\u00e1t; c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-316l-so-voi-cac-vat-lieu-pho-bien-trong-dong-tau\">316L so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; So v\u1edbi 304\/304L: 316L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua nh\u1edd Mo; 304\/304L d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p\/bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u\/lan can c\u00f3 khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm: th\u00e9p carbon c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, r\u1ee7i ro d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 (underfilm) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u1edf v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc. 316L kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cth\u00e9p + s\u01a1n + cathodic protection\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf\/trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng-niken 90\/10: Cu-Ni ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t khi ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u sulfide ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1t. 316L c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh; tuy nhi\u00ean Cu-Ni v\u1eabn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean 316L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205 (PREN \u2248 35): cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n\/ MIC, hay khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenit si\u00eau b\u1ec1n 904L\/254SMO (6Mo, PREN >40): cho ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316Ti: th\u00eam Ti \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cacbit, h\u1eefu \u00edch >400\u00b0C; trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u\/marine th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n, 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tren-tau-va-ngoai-khoi\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec7 sinh boong, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n nh\u1eb9: ASTM A312 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac 316L, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ASTM A403, b\u00edch ASTM A182. Ch\u1ecdn sch. 10S\/40S theo \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng x\u1ea3\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng washwater c\u1ee7a scrubber SOx: 316L d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n pha lo\u00e3ng\/ngu\u1ed9i; v\u00f9ng axit, clorua cao\/\u1ea5m n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205\/254SMO theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o scrubber.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng ballast, vent, \u0111o m\u1ee9c: 316L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vent\/\u0111o, c\u00f2n \u1ed1ng ballast ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 2205\/Cu-Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb boong: lan can, thang, n\u1eafp h\u1ea7m, neo bu\u1ed9c, b\u00edch c\u00e1p, b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1. D\u00f9ng fastener inox A4-70\/A4-80 (theo ISO 3506) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, tr\u00e1nh pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3: k\u00e9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng, b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda, khu b\u1ebfp\/galley, y t\u1ebf, kho l\u1ea1nh \u2013 \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn 2B\/BA\/No.4 d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng\/t\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd: 316L d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t khi tr\u00e1nh khe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: 316L \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t \u1edf kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n, v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m\/t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, xem x\u00e9t duplex\/super austenit.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tieu-chuan-tinh-chat-co-hoc-va-quy-cach\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy c\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240\/A480 \u2013 316L; EN 1.4404.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng: ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac), A269\/A213 (\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t), A249 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n\/b\u00edch: ASTM A403 (WP316L), ASTM A182 (F316L).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00e0n: AWS A5.9 ER316L (GTAW\/GMAW), AWS A5.4 E316L-XX (SMAW).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Bu l\u00f4ng\/\u0111inh t\u00e1n: ISO 3506 A4-70\/A4-80.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (theo ASTM A240, t\u1ea5m 316L \u1ee7):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y Rp0.2 \u2265 170 MPa; b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o Rm \u2265 485 MPa; d\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ~193 GPa; n\u1edf d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec7t ~16 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K (20\u2013100\u00b0C); d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ~14\u201316 W\/m\u00b7K; t\u1ef7 kh\u1ed1i ~8.0 g\/cm\u00b3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy c\u00e1ch s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m: 0.5\u201350 mm, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/No.1\/No.4\/BA.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng tr\u00f2n: DN15\u2013DN300, sch. 10S\/40S; \u1ed0ng h\u1ed9p: 10\u00d710 \u0111\u1ebfn 100\u00d7100; Thanh tr\u00f2n\/L\/V \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 EN 10204 3.1; ki\u1ec3m tra PMI theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\/\u0111\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thiet-ke-va-gia-cong-lam-dung-de-dung-ben\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng: l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khe v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m khe h\u1edf: d\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec7m k\u00edn; tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i ch\u1ed3ng, bu l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, gio\u0103ng gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i; b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi m\u01b0a\/n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/nh\u00f4m\/\u0111\u1ed3ng: d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, long-\u0111\u1ec1n nylon\/PTFE, s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n; \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho fastener (A4 v\u1edbi 316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 catot (CP) cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p carbon, ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft inox; austenit kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f2n hydro nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p cao c\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00eanh th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng galvanic t\u1ea1i khe n\u1ed1i; c\u00e1ch ly l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Tham chi\u1ebfu DNV-RP-B401 khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n: ER\/E316L t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 Mo\/Ni ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u00edt khi th\u00eam Mo\/Ni h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy t\u1eafc h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft carbon), che ch\u1eafn mu\u1ed1i\/\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264150\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\/sensitization.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 (Ar) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh oxi h\u00f3a m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/pickling v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967 (dung d\u1ecbch nitric\/citric), r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9. B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 s\u1edbm t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (No.4 Ra ~0.4\u20130.8 \u00b5m) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng CPT, gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc. Tr\u00e1nh s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o khe; n\u1ebfu s\u01a1n v\u00ec th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhanh: d\u00f9ng dao s\u1eafc, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn dao \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1nh c\u1ecd x\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n Fe; v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng trong \u1ed1ng: duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ~1\u20131.5 m\/s \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 MIC; s\u00fac r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt\/\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-nhung-gioi-han-ban-can-biet-khi-dung-316l\">Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi d\u00f9ng 316L<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng: nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n khe t\u0103ng nhanh khi T > 25\u201330\u00b0C v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9t ballast \u1ea5m, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205\/254SMO.<br \/>\n&#8211; MIC (\u0103n m\u00f2n do vi sinh): xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n\/c\u1eb7n l\u1eafng; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ec7 sinh, shock chlorination h\u1ee3p l\u00fd (tr\u00e1nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao g\u00e2y oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 clorua (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 washwater \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a scrubber) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 316L; tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (>400\u00b0C): n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316\/316Ti; trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-chi-phi-vong-doi-vi-sao-316l-kinh-te-hon\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: v\u00ec sao 316L kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a 316L cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chu k\u1ef3 s\u01a1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng t\u00e0u do s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f2 r\u1ec9\/\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng\/h\u00e0n s\u1eeda d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\/l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Nickel Institute v\u00e0 IMOA cho th\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n, inox molypden nh\u01b0 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 20\u201330% so v\u1edbi \u201cth\u00e9p carbon + s\u01a1n + b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec\u201d \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u1ed1ng\/ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, khi x\u00e9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi 20 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean (t\u00f9y t\u1ea3i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi c\u00f4ng). [Ngu\u1ed3n: Nickel Institute; IMOA]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-goi-y-lua-chon-nhanh-khi-nao-316l-la-du-tot\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh: khi n\u00e0o 316L l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e c\u00f3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t: 316L \u2013 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n: 316L \u2013 kh\u1ea3 thi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m\/t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1t\/MIC cao: n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p 2205\/904L\/6Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nen-mua-316l-nhu-the-nao-cho-du-an-dong-tau-o-viet\">N\u00ean mua 316L nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: EN 10204 3.1; n\u00eau r\u00f5 UNS S31603\/EN 1.4404; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n theo ASTM\/EN; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Mo, C; xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng pickling &#038; passivation n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI (Positive Material Identification) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Cr\u2013Ni\u2013Mo.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft (test gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed).<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n: n\u1ed9i soi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, th\u1eed \u00e1p theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A312).<br \/>\n&#8211; Giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m: nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ABS, DNV, LR\u2026 cho h\u1ec7 \u1ed1ng\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng WPS\/PQR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n kho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: t\u1ea5m 2B\/No.1 (2\u201312 mm), \u1ed1ng sch. 10S\/40S DN20\u2013DN150, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u 316L. \u0110\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho k\u00edch c\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels in Marine Environments; Guidelines for Stainless Steel Selection.<br \/>\n&#8211; International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) \u2013 Stainless Steels in Seawater; Practical Guidelines for Using Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM International \u2013 A240\/A480 (t\u1ea5m), A312\/A269\/A213\/A249 (\u1ed1ng), A403 (ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n), A182 (b\u00edch), A380\/A967 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch &#038; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 3506 \u2013 C\u01a1 t\u00ednh bul\u00f4ng inox (A4-70\/A4-80).<br \/>\n&#8211; DNV Recommended Practice RP-B401 \u2013 Cathodic Protection Design (tham kh\u1ea3o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng CP t\u1edbi gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 316L k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u1edd Mo v\u00e0 C th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n\/gia c\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n, v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft boong \u2013 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khe, h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n. Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m\/t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t), h\u00e3y n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p sang duplex ho\u1eb7c austenit si\u00eau b\u1ec1n. L\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn thi c\u00f4ng, 316L s\u1ebd cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tin c\u1eady cho con t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00e0u\/d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inox 316L b\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nh\u1edd Mo, C th\u1ea5p: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi c\u00f4ng cho t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1782"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1782\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}