{"id":1786,"date":"2026-03-16T00:35:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T17:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-asme-cho-che-tao-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-yeu-cau-ky-thuat\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T00:35:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T17:35:08","slug":"tieu-chuan-asme-cho-che-tao-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-yeu-cau-ky-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-asme-cho-che-tao-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-yeu-cau-ky-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-bo-tieu-chuan-asme-ap-dung\">T\u1ed5ng quan b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-pham-vi-va-dinh-nghia-binh-chiu-ap-luc-theo-asme\">Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c theo ASME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-lua-chon-vat-lieu-inox-theo-asme-section-ii\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox theo ASME Section II<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thiet-ke-theo-asme-section-viii-div-1-cac-dieu-kho\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME Section VIII Div. 1 (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-yeu-cau-han-theo-asme-section-ix-va-div-1\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n theo ASME Section IX v\u00e0 Div. 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-tra-khong-pha-huy-nde-va-thu-ap\">Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (NDE) v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-nhiet-luyen-xu-ly-be-mat-va-sach\">Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tam-nhan-dau-u-va-ho-so-mdr\">T\u1ea5m nh\u00e3n, d\u1ea5u U v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 MDR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-luu-y-ung-dung-theo-nganh\">L\u01b0u \u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo ng\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-quy-trinh-du-an-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong-khuyen-ngh\">Quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-yeu-cau-phap-ly-va-kiem-dinh-tai-viet-nam\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-nhung-loi-pho-bien-va-cach-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-vi-du-cau-hinh-dien-hinh-minh-hoa\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (minh h\u1ecda)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-14-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (inox) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p A\u2013Z c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng inox, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau c\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-bo-tieu-chuan-asme-ap-dung\">T\u1ed5ng quan b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME BPVC Section VIII, Division 1: Quy t\u1eafc chung thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME BPVC Section VIII, Division 2: Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao, cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n nh\u1edd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft (FEM, fatigue), \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u QA\/NDE nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section II (Part A\/B\/C\/D): V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p; b\u1ea3ng S cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section IX: Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n (WPS\/PQR) v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section V: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (NDE).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3ng ASME U (U-Stamp): Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ASME b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u1ee6y quy\u1ec1n. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 Manufacturer\u2019s Data Report (MDR \u2013 m\u1eabu U-1\/U-1A).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan: NBIC (s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa), NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 H2S), ASTM A380\/A967 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/passivation).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-pham-vi-va-dinh-nghia-binh-chiu-ap-luc-theo-asme\">Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c theo ASME<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00edn, ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n; kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng theo ASME B31.x v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed gia d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi Section VIII: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 inox austenitic, duplex, superaustenitic\u2026 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/\u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng S (Section II-D).<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi\u00ean: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ecfng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c; c\u1ea7n r\u00e0 so\u00e1t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-lua-chon-vat-lieu-inox-theo-asme-section-ii\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox theo ASME Section II<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u SA\/ASTM<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil: SA-240 (ASTM A240) \u2013 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 321, 347; duplex nh\u01b0 UNS S32205 (2205), S32750 (2507), 904L, 254SMO (S31254) cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: SA-312 (ASTM A312) \u2013 304L\/316L (seamless\/welded); SA-790 cho \u1ed1ng duplex; SA-213 cho \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e8n: SA-182 \u2013 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, c\u1ed5 nozzle.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: SA-403 \u2013 c\u00fat, t\u00ea, thu.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh\/tr\u1ee5c: SA-479 \u2013 tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ea5y, ti.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC theo EN 10204 3.1, PMI x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n clorua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u01b0u \u00fd \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 clorua: \u01afu ti\u00ean 316L, 904L, 254SMO ho\u1eb7c duplex 2205\/2507 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng CPT\/CCT, PREN cao ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb\/Ti) gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a; ki\u1ec3m tra allowable stress t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; H2S\/sour service: Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156; duplex c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2S, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 pH c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; CUI\/SCC b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clorua th\u1ea5p; ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thiet-ke-theo-asme-section-viii-div-1-cac-dieu-kho\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME Section VIII Div. 1 (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu)<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Design Pressure\/Temperature, MAWP\/MDMT; h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0103n m\u00f2n (corrosion allowance).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u, t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n\/\u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i; ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i\/lethal (UW-2).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5: gi\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea3i nozzle, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng; d\u00f9ng WRC 107\/537 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i nozzle.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecfm<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng tr\u1ee5\/spherical: UG-27.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1y\/ch\u1ecfm: UG-32 (elliptical 2:1, torispherical, hemispherical).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p ngo\u00e0i\/ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng: UG-28, d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Section II-D.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n E (UW-12): ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ee9c ch\u1ee5p X-quang (RT). RT to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap E=1, gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nozzle v\u00e0 gia c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; UG-37 (Area Replacement): T\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m gia c\u01b0\u1eddng; xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea3i nozzle theo WRC.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i A\/B\/C\/D (UW-3) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u RT v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ri\u00eang<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; UHA (High Alloy): C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung cho inox austenitic\/duplex v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, th\u1eed t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; MDMT v\u00e0 th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp: Inox austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n th\u1eed Charpy khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a UG-84\/UHA; v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t MDMT h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-yeu-cau-han-theo-asme-section-ix-va-div-1\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n theo ASME Section IX v\u00e0 Div. 1<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i P-No.: Austenitic SS thu\u1ed9c P-No. 8; duplex thu\u1ed9c P-No. 10H (t\u00f9y UNS). L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n theo SFA-5.4 (E308L\/E316L), SFA-5.9 (ER308L\/ER316L), ho\u1eb7c Ni-base cho ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; WPS\/PQR: Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp theo Section IX.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u preheat cho austenitic; kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf interpass ~<150\u2013175\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.\n  - Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite (FN ~3\u201310) cho kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n austenitic \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; ki\u1ec3m FN b\u1eb1ng ferritscope\/bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 WRC.\n  - Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng que\/flux ch\u1ee9a halogen cao; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 back purging b\u1eb1ng argon khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/ch\u1ecfm \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t sau.\n  - Sau h\u00e0n: pickling\/passivation theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch clorua.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-tra-khong-pha-huy-nde-va-thu-ap\">Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (NDE) v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; VT (ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan): B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; PT (th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u): \u01afu ti\u00ean cho inox; ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed7\/n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. MT kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho austenitic (kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh).<br \/>\n&#8211; RT\/UT: Theo UW-11, UW-51; RT to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc th\u00e2n\/ch\u1ecfm khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u E=1 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i; UT thay th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00edn\/r\u00f2: Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 heli\/kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn cao (cryogenic\/\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c UG-99: Ptest \u2265 1.3 \u00d7 MAWP \u00d7 (S_test\/S_design), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clorua th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng <50 ppm) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh SCC; x\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 ngay sau th\u1eed.\n- Th\u1eed kh\u00ed n\u00e9n UG-100: Khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u1ee7y; Ptest th\u01b0\u1eddng 1.1 \u00d7 MAWP, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-nhiet-luyen-xu-ly-be-mat-va-sach\">Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic SS: Kh\u00f4ng PWHT th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; tr\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (450\u2013850\u00b0C). D\u00f9ng m\u00e1c \u201cL\u201d ho\u1eb7c 321\/347 khi c\u00f3 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex: Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ferrite-austenite; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra pha sigma.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/passivation: T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc DI n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n; tr\u00e1nh s\u1eaft ngo\u1ea1i lai.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: Ch\u1ecdn RA ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 RA \u2264 0.8\u20131.6 \u00b5m cho nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n\/\u0103n m\u00f2n khe).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tam-nhan-dau-u-va-ho-so-mdr\">T\u1ea5m nh\u00e3n, d\u1ea5u U v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 MDR<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e3n\/\u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u theo UG-116: Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea5y \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n ASME \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u U; ghi MAWP, MDMT, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, n\u0103m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1 seri.<br \/>\n&#8211; Manufacturer\u2019s Data Report (U-1\/U-1A): B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, MTC, WPS\/PQR, NDE, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed \u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn QA\/QC \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u0103ng b\u1ea1 National Board (khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng): T\u1ea1o truy xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\/b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-luu-y-ung-dung-theo-nganh\">L\u01b0u \u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo ng\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<h3>H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Clorua\/acid m\u1ea1nh: 316L l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p 904L, 254SMO ho\u1eb7c duplex khi CPT\/CCT cao; ch\u00fa \u00fd SCC sau th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u2013 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc low-Cl, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ed9n\/khu\u1ea5y: Tr\u1ee5c SA-479, c\u00e1nh khu\u1ea5y h\u00e0n TIG; b\u1ecbt k\u00edn tr\u1ee5c c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; CIP\/SIP: Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t\/\u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gio\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/oxy h\u00f3a: 321\/347; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 creep\/fatigue theo Div. 2 n\u1ebfu chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; H2\/H2S: Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE cho sour; ch\u1ecdn filler Ni-base khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n lai.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u00f3ng t\u00e0u\/ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: Duplex 2205\/2507 cho v\u1ecf b\u00ecnh, \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t; ph\u1ee7\/CP \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pitting\/crevice.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nozzle v\u00e0 g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1; n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean Div. 2 khi chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-quy-trinh-du-an-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong-khuyen-ngh\">Quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ea7u b\u00e0i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (ASME Sec VIII Div.1\/2, Section IX\/V\/II), m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, MAWP\/MDMT, corrosion allowance, NACE (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), m\u1ee9c RT, th\u1eed \u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: T\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y UG-27\/UG-32, nozzle UG-37; ch\u1ecdn E theo chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c RT; ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh UG-28 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mua v\u1eadt t\u01b0: SA-240\/SA-312\/SA-182\/SA-403 c\u00f3 MTC 3.1; PMI 100% cho h\u1ee3p kim cao\/duplex; ki\u1ec3m tra ferit h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\/h\u00e0n: WPS\/PQR \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m vi; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u01b0ng; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau h\u00e0n theo A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; NDE\/th\u1eed \u00e1p: VT\/PT to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n; RT theo UW-11; hydrotest UG-99 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc low-Cl; x\u1ea3, s\u1ea5y v\u00e0 passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\/\u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u: Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n MDR, \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u U (n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng), \u0111\u0103ng b\u1ea1 NB (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e0n giao: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (API 510\/NBIC cho in-service).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-yeu-cau-phap-ly-va-kiem-dinh-tai-viet-nam\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 44\/2016\/N\u0110-CP v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 36\/2019\/TT-BL\u0110TBXH, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c danh m\u1ee5c m\u00e1y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; TCVN 8366:2010 (B\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u2013 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n chung) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn song song; nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ASME U-Stamp nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: Ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (ASME), quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea7n n\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-nhung-loi-pho-bien-va-cach-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed \u00e1p gi\u00e0u clorua g\u00e2y SCC sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n: Lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc low-Cl, x\u1ea3\/s\u1ea5y ngay, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i N2 kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t FN kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n austenitic d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh FN m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong WPS v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua t\u1ea3i nozzle v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng WRC 107\/537, gia c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean Div. 2 khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng passivation sau h\u00e0n: T\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7\/khe; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c pickling\/passivation theo A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1eabu bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n\/th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-vi-du-cau-hinh-dien-hinh-minh-hoa\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (minh h\u1ecda)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: Dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 10%, 80\u00b0C, 8 bar; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: Th\u00e2n\/ch\u1ecfm SA-240 316L; nozzle SA-182 F316L; \u1ed1ng SA-312 TP316L; ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n SA-403 WP316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: Div. 1; E=1 v\u1edbi RT to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc; corrosion allowance 1.5 mm; MDMT -20\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW\/GMAW v\u1edbi ER316L; back purging Argon; FN m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 5\u20138.<br \/>\n&#8211; NDE: VT\/PT 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; RT full cho seams ch\u00ednh; hydrotest UG-99 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI, Cl- <25 ppm.\n- X\u1eed l\u00fd: Pickling\/passivation n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t RA ~1.6 \u00b5m.\n- Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn: U-Stamp; MDR U-1; ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh VN tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section VIII Div.1\/Div.2; Section II (A\/B\/C\/D); Section V; Section IX.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A312, A403, A182; ASTM A380\/A967 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 H2S).<br \/>\n&#8211; WRC Bulletins 107\/537 (\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i nozzle).<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 44\/2016\/N\u0110-CP; Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 36\/2019\/TT-BL\u0110TBXH; TCVN 8366:2010.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-14-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ASME cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox xoay quanh 6 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t: ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo Section II; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang UG-27\/UG-32\/UG-37 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; h\u00e0n theo Section IX v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch theo A380\/A967; NDE theo Section V v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p UG-99\/UG-100; \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u U v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n MDR; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Khi tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n RT\/UT, hay b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 U-Stamp cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u00e0n, NDE, th\u1eed \u00e1p, d\u1ea5u U, MDR, l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1786\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}