{"id":1824,"date":"2026-03-25T12:34:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/gia-cong-dap-inox-dap-nong-dap-nguoi-thiet-ke-khuon-toi-uu\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T12:34:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:34:29","slug":"gia-cong-dap-inox-dap-nong-dap-nguoi-thiet-ke-khuon-toi-uu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/gia-cong-dap-inox-dap-nong-dap-nguoi-thiet-ke-khuon-toi-uu\/","title":{"rendered":"Gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp Inox: D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng, d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i &#038; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-dac-tinh-inox-tac-dong-den-dap\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh inox t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-dap-nguoi-inox-quy-trinh-thong-so-va-meo-ky-thuat\">D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i inox: quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-dap-nong-va-dap-am-inox-khi-nao-nen-dung\">D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1eadp \u1ea5m inox: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thiet-ke-khuon-dap-inox-nguyen-tac-cot-loi\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp inox: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-lua-chon-may-ep-va-tinh-cong-suat\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chon-mac-inox-theo-ung-dung-dap\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-hoan-thien-be-mat\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nen-chon-dap-nguoi-hay-dap-nong-cho-inox\">N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i hay d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng cho inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp inox l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea5m, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft, ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u1ed1c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp inox hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i hay d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0nh cho 304\/316\/430 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-dac-tinh-inox-tac-dong-den-dap\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh inox t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eadp<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cao: Austenit 304\/316 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n n cao (~0.35\u20130.5), gi\u00fap d\u1eadp s\u00e2u t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eadp t\u0103ng nhanh sau khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Ferrit 430 c\u00f3 n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (~0.15\u20130.25).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn: M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea3y\/k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a inox d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi u\u1ed1n\/d\u1eadp bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ec5 k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh (galling): B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5m (r-value, earing): Anisotropy g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ctai\u201d khi d\u1eadp s\u00e2u; 304 \u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r trung b\u00ecnh\u2013cao (\u22481.5\u20132.0), 430 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (\u22481.1\u20131.5).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B\/BA \u0111\u00f2i b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-dap-nguoi-inox-quy-trinh-thong-so-va-meo-ky-thuat\">D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i inox: quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9t\u2013c\u1eaft (blanking\/piercing), ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n trong khu\u00f4n, d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i (embossing), d\u1eadp chu\u1ed1t (coining), d\u1eadp s\u00e2u (deep drawing), khu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn (progressive), khu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n (transfer), v\u00e0 c\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (fine blanking).<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tham kh\u1ea3o, c\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/m\u00e1y)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khe h\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1eaft (per side):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenit 304\/316: 8\u201312% \u00d7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferrit 430: 6\u201310% \u00d7 t<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u1ed9t: \u2265 1.5 \u00d7 t; b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng g\u00e2n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t: \u2265 1.5 \u00d7 t<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n trong (air-bending\/\u0111\u1ed9t u\u1ed1n):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/316: Rmin \u2248 1.0\u20131.5t (vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n), 1.5\u20132.0t (song song h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: Rmin \u2248 1.0\u20131.5t<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eadp gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (LDR) 304\/316 \u1ee7: \u2248 2.0\u20132.2; 430: \u2248 1.7\u20131.9<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u0169i ch\u00e0y Rp \u2248 4\u20138t; b\u00e1n k\u00ednh mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ed1i Rd \u2248 5\u201310t<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00c1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0nh ch\u1eb7n (blankholder) \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 0.5\u20132.0 MPa, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n\/r\u00e1ch<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi\u1ec1u cao ba via: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t < 10% t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1eaft th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng\n- L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 khu\u00f4n: TiCN\/CrN\/DLC \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh; \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ra \u2264 0.2 \u03bcm \u1edf v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\n\n\n\n<h3>L\u1ef1c d\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9t c\u1eaft: F \u2248 L \u00d7 t \u00d7 \u03c4s<br \/>\n  &#8211; L: chu vi c\u1eaft; t: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y; \u03c4s: \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 0.75\u20130.85 \u00d7 UTS)<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u00d850 mm, t = 1.5 mm, inox 304 (UTS \u2248 620 MPa). L = \u03c0\u00d750 = 157 mm = 0.157 m; \u03c4s \u2248 0.8\u00d7620 = 496 MPa.<br \/>\n    &#8211; F \u2248 0.157\u00d70.0015\u00d7496e6 \u2248 117 kN \u2248 12 t\u1ea5n. C\u1ed9ng 20\u201330% d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u2248 15\u201316 t\u1ea5n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u (\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 b\u1ed9): Fmax \u2248 \u03c0 \u00d7 d \u00d7 t \u00d7 \u03c3f, v\u1edbi \u03c3f l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y trung b\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng). D\u00f9ng th\u00eam 20\u201330% an to\u00e0n cho ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n cho inox<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp nh\u1eb9\u2013trung b\u00ecnh: d\u1ea7u ester t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\/EP kh\u00f4ng clo, d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5 gia S\u2013P, ho\u1eb7c phim polymer.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng: m\u1ee1 MoS2, keo\/film polymer \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, BN\/graphite (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t\/\u1ea5m).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec7 sinh: d\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng NSF H1\/synthetic H1; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda sau d\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 gia clo do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd n\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t; v\u1ec7 sinh, trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau gia c\u00f4ng khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u00f9 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n 2\u20136\u00b0 t\u00f9y m\u00e1c\/v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ee3i c\u00e1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1t \u00e9p bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng, d\u1eadp chu\u1ed1t\/bottoming ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a theo servo-press \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1eef\u201d \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bead\/ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n khi d\u1eadp s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-dap-nong-va-dap-am-inox-khi-nao-nen-dung\">D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1eadp \u1ea5m inox: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp \u1ea5m (200\u2013400\u00b0C):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho 304\/316 c\u00f3 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\/l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (CrN, TiAlN, BN\/graphite) v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u00f3ng<br \/>\n    &#8211; Austenit 304\/316: ~950\u20131100\u00b0C; k\u1ebft th\u00fac > 900\u00b0C<br \/>\n    &#8211; Ferrit 430: ~750\u2013950\u00b0C<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: T\u00ednh d\u1ebbo r\u1ea5t cao, cho chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u\/d\u00e0y; gi\u1ea3m k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: Oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o scale (c\u1ea7n kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9y pickling HNO3\/HF), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khu\u00f4n th\u00e9p n\u00f3ng (H13) v\u00e0 gia nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i, r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u1edf 500\u2013800\u00b0C n\u1ebfu gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e2u v\u1edbi austenit (\u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L\/316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ed3n\/ch\u1eadu inox 304 d\u00f9ng d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc + \u1ee7 trung gian, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng\/\u1ea5m h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ph\u00f4i d\u00e0y, bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eed h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thiet-ke-khuon-dap-inox-nguyen-tac-cot-loi\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp inox: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e9p khu\u00f4n ngu\u1ed9i: D2\/SKD11\/Cr12MoV, DC53, b\u1ed9t luy\u1ec7n PM (ASP23\/Vanadis) cho m\u00e0i m\u00f2n\u2013ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e9p khu\u00f4n n\u00f3ng: H11\/H13 cho d\u1eadp \u1ea5m\u2013n\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t\/k\u00eanh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i + nitriding (cho th\u00e9p khu\u00f4n) + ph\u1ee7 PVD (TiCN\/CrN\/DLC) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh v\u1edbi inox.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn Ra \u2264 0.2 \u03bcm; bo tr\u00f2n m\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a khe h\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u quanh chu vi; ch\u00eam d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ba via.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1o g\u00f3c v\u00e1t c\u1eaft (shear angle) tr\u00ean ch\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1eaft cho t \u2265 2\u20133 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed bead\/ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o m\u01b0\u1ee3t; tr\u00e1nh g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac g\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u: d\u00f9ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, chu vi v\u00e0o c\u1ed1i m\u00e0i g\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed r\u00e3nh tho\u00e1t d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed5 sung t\u1ea5m g\u1ea1t ph\u00f4i (stripper) c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng; \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea5m g\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u01a1ng (positive) cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn\/khu\u00f4n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i theo chu vi c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c station \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1eb7n b\u00e0n m\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng pilot v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc\/laser\/t\u1ea3i) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111i sai b\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u: cu\u1ed9n k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft \u0111o\u1ea1n, che ch\u1eafn ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t d\u0103m inox.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n khu\u00f4n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng micro tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Theo d\u00f5i chi\u1ec1u cao ba via nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; thay t\u1ea5m ch\u00e8n khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u b\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i; l\u1ecdc tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-lua-chon-may-ep-va-tinh-cong-suat\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1y c\u01a1 (crank): t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9t\u2013c\u1eaft\/khu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn; c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1y h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c: \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c\/\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u1ed1t cho d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7m ch\u1eb7n (cushion) ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Servo-press: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c\u2013h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn, gi\u1eef\/nh\u1ea5p (dwell) \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n\/galling.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7m ch\u1eb7n (blankholder\/cushion): l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp 0.5\u20132.0 MPa, tinh ch\u1ec9nh theo nh\u0103n\u2013r\u00e1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c danh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2265 1.2\u20131.5 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ef1c danh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chon-mac-inox-theo-ung-dung-dap\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1eadp<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L (annealed\/DDQ): d\u1eadp s\u00e2u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho b\u1ed3n, ch\u1eadu, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed; 304L gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a khi gia nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: d\u1eadp s\u00e2u t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304, \u01b0u th\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n nhanh v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi d\u1eadp s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: d\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA\/2B; l\u01b0u \u00fd ridging\/earing v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic (410\/420) v\u00e0 PH: d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i k\u00e9m, \u01b0u ti\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft\/ti\u1ec7n\/m\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c d\u1eadp \u1edf \u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfp nh\u0103n: t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n, th\u00eam bead, t\u0103ng ma s\u00e1t v\u00f9ng b\u00edch (t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1m nh\u1eb9), t\u1ed1i \u01b0u qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e1ch mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ed1c: t\u0103ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, chia nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1ee7 trung gian.<br \/>\n&#8211; Earing (tai): c\u1eaft ph\u00f4i b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c\/b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c c\u00f3 r-value ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1eb9t d\u00ednh\/r\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: ph\u1ee7 PVD (CrN\/TiCN\/DLC), ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea7u EP ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn: t\u0103ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1ebft, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng coining\/bottoming, d\u00f9ng servo dwell, b\u00f9 h\u00ecnh 3D trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ba via l\u1edbn\/c\u1ea1nh r\u0103ng c\u01b0a: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khe h\u1edf, s\u1eafc c\u1ea1nh ch\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-hoan-thien-be-mat\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: t\u1ea5m theo ASTM A240\/EN 10088, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA, ki\u1ec3m tra h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o ki\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh: chi\u1ec1u cao ba via, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (thinning), earing, FLD khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau d\u1eadp: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u\/solvent ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nitric\/citric v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 cao; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u01b0 clo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: d\u00f9ng m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 PE tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA\/HL; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ebft l\u0103n, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed g\u1ed1i l\u00f3t m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nen-chon-dap-nguoi-hay-dap-nong-cho-inox\">N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i hay d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng cho inox?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba\u2013s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc + \u1ee7 trung gian (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 304\/316).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc d\u1eadp \u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00f4i d\u00e0y, bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u\/ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n\/d\u00ednh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n\/l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gia nhi\u1ec7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9y scale.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SSINA (Specialty Steel Industry of North America) \u2013 Designer\u2019s Handbook for Stainless Steel, Forming and Fabricating Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for Forming Stainless Steel; Fabrication of Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Stainless Steel for Design and Development: Formability and Fabrication Data.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASM Handbook, Vol. 14A: Metalworking \u2013 Sheet Forming.<br \/>\n&#8211; AK Steel\/Cleveland-Cliffs \u2013 Data Sheets for 304\/316\/430; Technical Bulletins on Forming.<br \/>\n(C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong d\u1eadp inox t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho 304\/316\/430 v\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed1t; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng khe h\u1edf 6\u201312%t, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n EP kh\u00f4ng clo, v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n ph\u1ee7 PVD \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp \u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng khi chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u\/d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n\/galIing v\u01b0\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; c\u1ea7n th\u00e9p khu\u00f4n n\u00f3ng H13, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd scale.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 70% th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u khe h\u1edf, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u1edbn, bead th\u00f4ng minh, l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, sensor h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang (304\/316 \u1ee7\/DDQ cho d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, 430 cho d\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khu\u00f4n hay b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0\/khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng\u2013ngu\u1ed9i Inox, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh &#038; h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n; nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n, ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p\u2013khe h\u1edf, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n cho 304\/316\/430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1073,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1824"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}