{"id":1837,"date":"2026-03-29T00:33:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T17:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-tig-inox-ky-thuat-chuan-vat-lieu-bu-va-meo-moi-han-ngau\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T00:33:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T17:33:28","slug":"han-tig-inox-ky-thuat-chuan-vat-lieu-bu-va-meo-moi-han-ngau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-tig-inox-ky-thuat-chuan-vat-lieu-bu-va-meo-moi-han-ngau\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n TIG Inox: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ng\u1ea5u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tig-inox-la-gi-va-khi-nao-nen-chon\">TIG Inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thiet-bi-khi-va-vat-tu-cho-tig-inox\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 cho TIG Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chuan-bi-moi-han-inox-quyet-dinh-70-ket-qua\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 70% k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thong-so-cai-dat-cot-loi-cho-tig-inox\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho TIG Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ky-thuat-thao-tac-de-ra-moi-han-dep-ngau\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-mau-sac-oxy-hoa-va-tieu-chi-chap-nhan\">M\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u00f4xy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-vi-du-thuc-hanh-han-ong-304-day-15-mm-duong-ong-ve\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: H\u00e0n \u1ed1ng 304, d\u00e0y 1.5 mm (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-kinh-te-va-an-toan\">Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-so-sanh-nhanh-tig-vs-mig-khi-han-inox\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh TIG vs MIG khi h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00e0n TIG Inox (GTAW) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox, TIG l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng\u201d cho \u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tig-inox-la-gi-va-khi-nao-nen-chon\">TIG Inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tungsten kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3 quang trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 (Argon\/Helium); que b\u00f9 (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n) c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng TIG cho Inox:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng (\u22643 mm), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh, vi sinh, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trang tr\u00ed, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1ed9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3, c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n back purging \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t sau s\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi MIG\/Que: TIG ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh\/ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thiet-bi-khi-va-vat-tu-cho-tig-inox\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 cho TIG Inox<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u1ecf h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ngu\u1ed3n DC (DCEN \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m) c\u00f3 HF start v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 pulse.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ecf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u00f3 cho d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p\/trung b\u00ecnh; m\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc cho d\u00f2ng cao\/chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p\/remote: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Argon 99.99% l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho TIG Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Helium ho\u1eb7c Ar\/He (25\u201375% He) t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed3 quang cho v\u1eadt d\u00e0y \u22653 mm, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 m\u1ed3i h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc (shielding) v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau (back purging) khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201cch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n\u201d (sugaring).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c Tungsten (chu\u1ea9n AWS A5.12)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho Inox):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Lanthanated 2% (EWLa-2, m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng): b\u1ec1n h\u1ed3 quang, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ceriated 2% (EWCe-2, m\u00e0u cam): m\u1ed3i h\u1ed3 quang t\u1ed1t \u1edf d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thoriated 2% (EWTh-2, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf): h\u1ed3 quang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u2013 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh &#038; d\u00f2ng \u0111i k\u00e8m (tham chi\u1ebfu):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 1.0 mm: ~10\u201375 A<br \/>\n  &#8211; 1.6 mm: ~40\u2013150 A<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2.4 mm: ~100\u2013250 A<br \/>\n  &#8211; 3.2 mm: ~200\u2013350 A<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0i nh\u1ecdn: m\u00e0i d\u1ecdc tr\u1ee5c, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn 30\u201360\u00b0; v\u00e1t ph\u1eb3ng nh\u1ecf 0.2\u20130.5 mm gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3 quang. Gi\u1eef chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3 quang \u2248 1\u20131.5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que h\u00e0n \u2013 AWS A5.9)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u201cL\u201d (low carbon <0.03%) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide (sensitization).\n- Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:\n  - ER308L: cho Inox 301\/302\/304\/304L (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t).\n  - ER316L: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (cho 316\/316L).\n  - ER309L: h\u00e0n gi\u00e1p lai Inox\u2013Th\u00e9p C ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.\n  - ER347: ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb\/Ta (cho 321\/347).\n  - ER2209: cho Duplex 2205.\n- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que b\u00f9: 0.8\u20131.2 mm cho t\u1ea5m \u22641.5 mm; 1.6 mm cho 1.5\u20133 mm; 2.4 mm cho >3 mm. Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00e9n g\u1ed1m #6\u2013#12; Gas lens gi\u00fap lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed laminar, che ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0n che gi\u00f3, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng\/copper backing, \u0111ai \u1ed1c collet chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed9 purge (n\u00fam ch\u1eb7n, b\u0103ng keo nh\u00f4m ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed), m\u00e1y \u0111o O2 v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t purge.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch Inox ri\u00eang: b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox, kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng x\u01a1, dung m\u00f4i (acetone\/isopropanol).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chuan-bi-moi-han-inox-quyet-dinh-70-ket-qua\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 70% k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u00e1t m\u00e9p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng acetone; m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch l\u1edbp oxit\/ten m\u00e0u 15\u201320 mm m\u1ed7i b\u00ean m\u00e9p h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang (tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m Fe g\u00e2y r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1o khe h\u1edf g\u1ed1c (root gap) 0.5\u20131.0 mm cho t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o ng\u1ea5u; v\u00e1t m\u00e9p V\/bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng U cho v\u1eadt d\u00e0y t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<h3>Back purging \u2013 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau O2 d\u01b0 trong bu\u1ed3ng purge: <50 ppm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh, <100 ppm cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\n- Quy t\u1eafc th\u1eddi gian: x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 thay 5\u20137 l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch bu\u1ed3ng purge tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed3i h\u1ed3 quang.\n- L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd:\n  - N\u1ea1p purge ban \u0111\u1ea7u: 15\u201320 L\/ph\u00fat.\n  - Khi h\u00e0n: 3\u20136 L\/ph\u00fat (gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u00e9 h\u1ed3 quang).\n- B\u1ecbt k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng nh\u00f4m ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0129a ch\u1eb7n cao su; \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00ed.\n\n\n\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1eb9p g\u00e1 v\u1eefng, h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng\/skip welding.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch l\u0169y: h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn, ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pass; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (interpass) cho austenitic: <150\u00b0C.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thong-so-cai-dat-cot-loi-cho-tig-inox\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho TIG Inox<\/h2>\n<h3>Polarity, d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nhanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ef1c t\u00ednh: DCEN (\u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh: I (A) \u2248 35\u201345 \u00d7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (mm).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 1.0 mm \u2192 35\u201345 A; 1.5 mm \u2192 55\u201370 A; 2.0 mm \u2192 75\u201390 A; 3.0 mm \u2192 110\u2013140 A.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ed3 quang TIG th\u01b0\u1eddng 10\u201314 V (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3 quang).<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1edbi gas lens:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u00e9n #6\u2013#8: 6\u20138 L\/ph\u00fat cho h\u00e0n trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u00e9n #10\u2013#12 (m\u1ecf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\/thao t\u00e1c \u1ed1ng): 10\u201314 L\/ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pre-flow: 0.3\u20130.7 gi\u00e2y; Post-flow: \u2248 1 gi\u00e2y\/10 A (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 6\u201310 gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h3>Xung TIG (Pulse) \u2013 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1: 1\u20133 Hz cho h\u00e0n tay; 30\u2013200 Hz cho t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\/h\u00e0n m\u00e9p nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec9nh (Ip): \u2248 0.9\u20131.1 l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng xung; D\u00f2ng n\u1ec1n (Ib): 20\u201340% Ip.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh (Duty): 30\u201350%.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ee3i \u00edch: b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n h\u1eb9p, gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: HI (kJ\/mm) = (V \u00d7 I \u00d7 60 \u00d7 \u03b7) \/ t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n (mm\/ph\u00fat); \u03b7 TIG \u2248 0.6\u20130.7.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ee3i \u00fd cho t\u1ea5m \u22642 mm: gi\u1eef HI \u2264 0.8\u20131.0 kJ\/mm \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/sensitization.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ky-thuat-thao-tac-de-ra-moi-han-dep-ngau\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ecf, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3 quang, c\u1ea5p que<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; G\u00f3c m\u1ecf: nghi\u00eang 10\u201315\u00b0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0n; que b\u00f9 v\u00e0o 10\u201320\u00b0 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, nh\u00fang nhanh (dabbing) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u que.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3 quang: c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t (\u2248 1\u20131.5\u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tungsten) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ng\u1ecdt, t\u1eadp trung.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c nh\u00f4 (stick-out): v\u1edbi gas lens c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00f4 10\u201320 mm khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn\/ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, k\u00e8m t\u0103ng ch\u00e9n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201cwalking the cup\u201d cho \u1ed1ng: t\u1ef1a ch\u00e9n v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb9p, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1o ng\u1ea5u g\u1ed1c (root) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Duy tr\u00ec purge \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; khi m\u1edf b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n g\u1ed1c, d\u00f9ng que b\u00f9 che m\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u00e9 c\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u201ckeyhole\u201d nh\u1ecf cho root \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u00eam que k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed1i: gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng d\u1ea7n (ramp down) 2\u20133 gi\u00e2y tr\u00e1nh h\u00f5m co; gi\u1eef post-flow \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3>Chu k\u1ef3 thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u201cweave\u201d r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean Inox m\u1ecfng; \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng (stringer).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pass: ch\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch oxit, t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho l\u1edbp sau.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-mau-sac-oxy-hoa-va-tieu-chi-chap-nhan\">M\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u00f4xy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Inox \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp oxit:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ea1c\/s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0ng r\u01a1m: th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm\u2013xanh lam\u2013t\u00edm: oxit d\u00e0y, n\u00ean t\u1ea9y (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passivation).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110en\/x\u00f9 (sugaring) \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho v\u1ec7 sinh, gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh\/\u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 c\u1ea7n purge chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i\/s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n: pickling paste ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed\/\u0111en b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: do d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, \u1ea9m, gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9, t\u0103ng kh\u00ed, d\u00f9ng gas lens, che gi\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n (sugaring): purge k\u00e9m, O2 cao. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: b\u1ecbt k\u00edn t\u1ed1t, theo d\u00f5i O2 <50\u2013100 ppm, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.\n- Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea5u\/thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p kim (lack of fusion): d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, h\u1ed3 quang d\u00e0i. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn h\u1ed3 quang, ch\u1ec9nh khe g\u1ed1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.\n- X\u01b0\u1edbc\/\u0111\u1ed1m do nhi\u1ec5m Fe: d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 Inox ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p C.\n- Nhi\u1ec5m tungsten v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i: ch\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i b\u1ecf, m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.\n- Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cong v\u00eanh: nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1edbn. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, back-step, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9ng pulse.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-vi-du-thuc-hanh-han-ong-304-day-15-mm-duong-ong-ve\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: H\u00e0n \u1ed1ng 304, d\u00e0y 1.5 mm (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1eaft\u2013v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; root gap 0.5\u20130.8 mm, k\u1eb9p g\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng acetone; b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u1eafp purge: b\u00edt hai \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng n\u00fam ch\u1eb7n, c\u1ea5p Argon; x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn O2 <50 ppm.\n- Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp:\n  - DCEN, d\u00f2ng 55\u201370 A; pulse 1.5 Hz, Ip = 65 A, Ib = 25 A, duty 40%.\n  - Tungsten EWLa-2 \u00d81.6 mm, m\u00e0i nh\u1ecdn ~35\u201340\u00b0; ch\u00e9n #12 + gas lens; Argon 10\u201312 L\/ph\u00fat.\n  - Que b\u00f9 ER308L \u00d81.2 mm.\n  - Pre-flow 0.5 s; post-flow 8\u201310 s.\n- Thao t\u00e1c:\n  - M\u1ed3i HF, gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn; nh\u1ecbp dabbing \u0111\u1ec1u, di chuy\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n  - Theo d\u00f5i m\u00e0u: m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea1c\u2013r\u01a1m; n\u1ebfu xanh\/lam, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng che kh\u00ed.\n  - K\u1ebft th\u00fac: ramp down 2\u20133 s, gi\u1eef m\u1ecf che 3\u20134 s sau t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang.\n- H\u1eadu x\u1eed l\u00fd:\n  - T\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nh\u1eb9 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch; ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\/\u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn (PT\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-kinh-te-va-an-toan\">Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gas lens gi\u1ea3m 15\u201330% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed so v\u1edbi ch\u00e9n th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf purge nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, gi\u1ea3m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ea7n x\u1ea3; d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng nh\u00f4m d\u00e1n k\u00edn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng pulse \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t\/\u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u2192 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Argon l\u00e0 kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu oxy \u2013 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng tungsten thorium: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ee5i m\u00e0i, m\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbt\/k\u00edn, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 m\u1eaft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 quang; g\u0103ng, \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng UV, h\u00fat kh\u00f3i t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-so-sanh-nhanh-tig-vs-mig-khi-han-inox\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh TIG vs MIG khi h\u00e0n Inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; TIG:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb9p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cao, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1ed9, v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm, chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tay ngh\u1ec1.<br \/>\n&#8211; MIG (GMAW):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, d\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, h\u00e0n v\u1eadt d\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh cao n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1\/kh\u00ed\/thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M \u2013 Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel (American Welding Society).<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS A5.9\/A5.9M \u2013 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods (AWS).<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI \u2013 GTAW of stainless steels: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt purge, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Miller Electric \u2013 TIG Handbook &#038; Welding Calculator: khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00f2ng, tungsten, kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric Welding Guide \u2013 GTAW Parameters for Stainless.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling and Passivation of Stainless Steel.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n TIG Inox \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ng\u1ea5u: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 purge m\u1eb7t sau \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que b\u00f9 \u201cL\u201d, tungsten ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 m\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n, gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn \u2013 kh\u00ed che \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng\/pulse\/t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Khi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00fang, thao t\u00e1c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1eadt t\u01b0, kh\u00ed, que b\u00f9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1eebng m\u00e1c Inox v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n TIG Inox t\u1eeb A-Z: ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9, kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, purge m\u1eb7t sau v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u, \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}