{"id":1841,"date":"2026-03-30T00:33:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T17:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-que-inox-cho-nguoi-moi-chon-dung-que-han-va-ky-thuat-chuan\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T00:33:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T17:33:34","slug":"han-que-inox-cho-nguoi-moi-chon-dung-que-han-va-ky-thuat-chuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-que-inox-cho-nguoi-moi-chon-dung-que-han-va-ky-thuat-chuan\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n que inox cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi: Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ve-han-que-inox-smaw-va-khi-nao-ne\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n que inox (SMAW) v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-chon-que-han-inox-dung-loai\">Ch\u1ecdn que h\u00e0n inox \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-thong-so-cai-dat-co-ban-cho-nguoi-moi\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-chuan-bi-vat-lieu-va-moi-ghep\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ky-thuat-thao-tac-theo-tu-the\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00e1c theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-soat-nhiet-bien-dang-va-be-mat\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-khuyet-tat-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-an-toan-va-bao-quan-que-han\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n que h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-so-sanh-nhanh-smaw-voi-tigmig-khi-han-inox\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh SMAW v\u1edbi TIG\/MIG khi h\u00e0n inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-checklist-nhanh-cho-ca-han-dau-tien-smaw-inox\">Checklist nhanh cho ca h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (SMAW Inox)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00e0n que inox (SMAW) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi: c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn que h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo m\u00e1c inox, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea9m nang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft inox n\u00f3i chung, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u00e0n que inox.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ve-han-que-inox-smaw-va-khi-nao-ne\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n que inox (SMAW) v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n TIG\/MIG, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n MIG\/TIG; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u00f4 h\u01a1n; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, lan can, khung m\u00e1y, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0n l\u00f3t\/\u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec7m khi gh\u00e9p inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-chon-que-han-inox-dung-loai\">Ch\u1ecdn que h\u00e0n inox \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<h3>Hi\u1ec3u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u AWS A5.4 c\u1ee7a que h\u00e0n inox<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: E308L-16<br \/>\n&#8211; E: que h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang tay.<br \/>\n&#8211; 308\/316\/309\/312\/347\u2026: nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p kim theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e1c inox t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1eef L: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p (\u22640,04\u20130,03%) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110u\u00f4i -15\/-16\/-17: lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecdc &#038; d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<br \/>\n  &#8211; -15: v\u00f4i (low-hydrogen), DC+, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng\/tr\u1ea7n, ng\u1ea5u s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; -16: titan (rutile), AC ho\u1eb7c DC+, h\u1ed3 quang \u00eam, d\u1ec5 thao t\u00e1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf (\u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi).<br \/>\n  &#8211; -17: rutile c\u00f3 b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao cho t\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng\/ngang; \u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee9ng\/tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3>G\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn que theo m\u00e1c inox v\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304\/304L: E308L-16 (chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, lan can).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316\/316L (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t): E316L-16 (c\u00f3 Mo t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a): th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng E347-16 (Nb\/Ta \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cacbit) khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; E321-16 c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng E347 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gh\u00e9p inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/kh\u00e1c m\u00e1c: E309L-16 (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr, Ni cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 lo\u00e3ng; d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m l\u1edbp \u201cbuttering\u201d khi h\u00e0n d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: E312-16 (t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c austenite + ferrite cao, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t t\u1ed1t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox Duplex (2205): d\u00f9ng que chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng E2209-16; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng 308\/316 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec sai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kim lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp, t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i: \u01b0u ti\u00ean que c\u00f3 FN (Ferrite Number) 3\u201310 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 dai. (Tham kh\u1ea3o FN t\u1eeb TDS c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb9o ch\u1ecdn nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n gi\u1eefa \u201cL\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u201cL\u201d, \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d (E308L, E316L) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\/gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0n kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p AC: \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111u\u00f4i -16.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00edch c\u1ee1 que h\u00e0n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; <3 mm: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0n que; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng, ch\u1ecdn 2,0\u20132,5 mm, d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p, thao t\u00e1c nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00e1y th\u1ee7ng.  \n- 3\u20136 mm: 2,5\u20133,2 mm (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi).  \n- 6\u201310 mm: 3,2\u20134,0 mm.  \n- >10 mm: 4,0\u20135,0 mm, chia nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng\/tr\u1ea7n: \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u0169ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn que \u0111\u1ea1t AWS A5.4\/A5.4M, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00f4 (heat\/batch), TDS\/SDS r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kho kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, c\u00f3 t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y sau khi m\u1edf bao.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi h\u00e0n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (ASME IX), d\u00f9ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 PQR\/WPS s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-thong-so-cai-dat-co-ban-cho-nguoi-moi\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n<h3>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ef1c t\u00ednh: DC+, que d\u01b0\u01a1ng (DCEP) cho -15\/-16\/-17; -16 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng AC khi ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 DC.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o (que rutile -16, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y h\u00e3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u22052,5 mm: 50\u201380 A<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u22053,2 mm: 75\u2013110 A<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u22054,0 mm: 110\u2013150 A<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u22055,0 mm: 150\u2013200 A<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa d\u1ea3i, th\u1eed tr\u00ean m\u1eabu, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e2m thanh \u201cx\u00e8o x\u00e8o\u201d \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u0169ng h\u00e0n \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h3>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3 quang, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn: \u2248 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1eafn t\u00f3e v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: gi\u1eef v\u0169ng h\u00e0n h\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u 2 m\u00e9p; tr\u00e1nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed5\u201d qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00e2y v\u00f5ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng (stringer). N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u22642\u20132,5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que, d\u1eebng ng\u1eafn \u1edf m\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y g\u00f3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u00f3c que: nghi\u00eang 5\u201315\u00b0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn, g\u00f3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 90\u00b0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng; h\u00e0n g\u00f3c gi\u1eef ~45\u00b0 gi\u1eefa 2 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-chuan-bi-vat-lieu-va-moi-ghep\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, s\u01a1n, g\u1ec9; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0u \u00f4xit, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i\/th\u1edbt m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang cho inox \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00e1t m\u00e9p &#038; khe h\u1edf: theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (V, U, K\u2026); v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m 6\u201310 mm, khe h\u1edf g\u1ed1c 2\u20133 mm gi\u00fap ng\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f3t m\u1eb7t sau (backing) ho\u1eb7c che kh\u00ed m\u1eb7t sau (back purging b\u1eb1ng Ar) cho \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00e1y \u0111en m\u1eb7t sau.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m g\u00e1\/\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb: tack weld ng\u1eafn, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang que t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: austenitic (304\/316) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n; gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp (interpass) \u2264150 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ky-thuat-thao-tac-theo-tu-the\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00e1c theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng\/ngang<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn -16 ho\u1eb7c -17 cho h\u1ed3 quang \u00eam, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p; -17 cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eafp ph\u1eb3ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp: l\u1edbp l\u00f3t stringer, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o g\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng\/tr\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean -15 ho\u1eb7c -16 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf (2,5\u20133,2 mm).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean (vertical-up): h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef \u201ctri nh\u1ecf\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201czigzag\u201d bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eb9p, d\u1eebng ng\u1eafn \u1edf m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eef v\u0169ng h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9\/gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng khi th\u1ea5y v\u00f5ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-soat-nhiet-bien-dang-va-be-mat\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i: nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng thay v\u00ec \u00edt l\u1edbp d\u00e0y; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt back-step, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m cong v\u00eanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed; tr\u00e1nh d\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t\/\u00f4xit: b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox, m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng gel pickling v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c passivation (axit nitric\/citric theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng HAZ.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-khuyet-tat-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed\/b\u1ecdt: do h\u1ed3 quang d\u00e0i, b\u1ea9n d\u1ea7u, que \u1ea9m. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9, s\u1ea5y que, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn h\u1ed3 quang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh\/thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y: d\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 cao\/t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh. Gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng, d\u1eebng ng\u1eafn t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p khi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng: ch\u1ecdn que c\u00f3 FN 3\u201310 (E308L, E316L ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, tr\u00e1nh l\u1edbp qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u1ea5u k\u00e9m\/ch\u00e2n r\u1ed7: t\u0103ng khe g\u1ed1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 g\u00f3c que, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc backing ho\u1eb7c back purging khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft (g\u00e2y g\u1ec9 sau h\u00e0n): ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 passivation.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-an-toan-va-bao-quan-que-han\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n que h\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n ch\u1ee9a h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Cr(VI): l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u00fat kh\u00f3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9u trang l\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, k\u00ednh\/\u00e1o g\u0103ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n que: n\u01a1i kh\u00f4, 5\u201325 \u00b0C, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. Sau khi m\u1edf, c\u1ea5t trong t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y 50\u2013100 \u00b0C. N\u1ebfu \u1ea9m, s\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i theo TDS h\u00e3ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng 150\u2013200 \u00b0C trong 1\u20132 gi\u1edd cho que rutile).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn l\u00f4\/lo\u1ea1i que khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 t\u00ednh\/\u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-so-sanh-nhanh-smaw-voi-tigmig-khi-han-inox\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh SMAW v\u1edbi TIG\/MIG khi h\u00e0n inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SMAW: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ecdn, r\u1ebb, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1t; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; TIG: s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3 quang t\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng\/\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao; ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tay ngh\u1ec1.<br \/>\n&#8211; MIG\/MAG Inox: nhanh, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n; ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t\/ph\u00f4i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u2192 MIG; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\/\u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn cao \u2192 TIG; l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng\/s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u1ea5p \u2192 SMAW.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-checklist-nhanh-cho-ca-han-dau-tien-smaw-inox\">Checklist nhanh cho ca h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (SMAW Inox)<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2192 ch\u1ecdn E308L-16 (304) ho\u1eb7c E316L-16 (316); gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon \u2192 E309L-16.<br \/>\n2) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (3\u20136 mm \u2192 2,5\u20133,2 mm).<br \/>\n3) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho inox.<br \/>\n4) G\u00e1 l\u1eafp, tack \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, khe g\u1ed1c 2\u20133 mm n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ng\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n.<br \/>\n5) C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t DC+, d\u00f2ng theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb; th\u1eed tr\u00ean m\u1eabu.<br \/>\n6) H\u00e0n l\u1edbp l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng stringer, h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n7) Ki\u1ec3m tra, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9, h\u00e0n l\u1edbp k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp; gi\u1eef interpass \u2264150 \u00b0C.<br \/>\n8) Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t\/\u00f4xit (m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c pickling\/passivation).<br \/>\n9) Ki\u1ec3m tra ngo\u1ea1i quan, th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0n, th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS A5.4\/A5.4M: Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding (t\u1ed5ng quan ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i E308L-16, E316L-16, E309L-16, E312-16, E347-16).<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric \u2013 Stainless Steel Stick Electrodes (E308L-16\/E316L-16): ph\u1ea1m vi d\u00f2ng h\u00e0n, c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea5y\/b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. https:\/\/www.lincolnelectric.com<br \/>\n&#8211; ESAB OK 61.30\/OK 61.31 (E308L-16\/-17): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecdc, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0n. https:\/\/www.esab.com<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute): H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u2013 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. https:\/\/www.twi-global.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Alleima (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y Sandvik) \u2013 Welding of stainless steels: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n. https:\/\/www.alleima.com<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que l\u00e0 70% th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: 304 \u2192 E308L-16; 316 \u2192 E316L-16; d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2192 E309L-16; tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 \u2192 E312-16; nhi\u1ec7t cao\/\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a \u2192 E347-16.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean \u0111u\u00f4i -16 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi (AC\/DC, h\u1ed3 quang \u00eam), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, DC+ v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t (interpass \u2264150 \u00b0C), h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1eafm v\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn que h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, test m\u1eabu v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn que h\u00e0n inox (E308L, E316L, E309L\u2026) theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt SMAW cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi: th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng, c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1841\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}