{"id":1846,"date":"2026-03-31T00:33:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T17:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/xu-ly-moi-han-inox-vi-sao-can-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T00:33:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T17:33:58","slug":"xu-ly-moi-han-inox-vi-sao-can-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/xu-ly-moi-han-inox-vi-sao-can-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox: V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng &#038; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-phan-biet-tay-trang-pickling-va-thu-dong-hoa-passi\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201ct\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling)\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation)\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khi-nao-can-tay-khi-nao-can-thu-dong-hoa\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-cac-phuong-phap-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-trinh-khuyen-nghi-theo-boi-canh-su-dung\">Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-soat-chat-luong-sau-xu-ly\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-lua-chon-theo-mac-inox-pho-bien-tai-viet-nam\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-an-toan-moi-truong\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-chi-phi-tien-do-tham-khao\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u00e0n l\u1eafp inox, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n. X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n (t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng\/pickling v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a\/passivation) l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a d\u00f9ng trong x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong c\u1ea9m nang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft inox, song b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y: Khi h\u00e0n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u xanh t\u00edm\u2013n\u00e2u. L\u1edbp oxit n\u00e0y ngh\u00e8o Crom, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a inox, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/n\u1ee9t k\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a Cl- (g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n) [Ngu\u1ed3n: ASTM A380\/A967].<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng suy gi\u1ea3m Crom (chromium-depleted layer): Ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp oxit, Crom b\u1ecb h\u00fat l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o oxit. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y (pickling), v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do: Ch\u1ed5i th\u00e9p carbon, h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9p g\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m Fe l\u00ean inox. S\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng trong chu k\u1ef3 \u1ea9m\/kh\u00f4 [ASTM A380].<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m t\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n: B\u00e1m b\u1ea9n, vi khu\u1ea9n d\u1ec5 tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh: Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n heat tint nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A967 ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ecf qua x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, han r\u1ec9 m\u00e9p h\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn: c\u01a1 t\u00ednh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n; nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-phan-biet-tay-trang-pickling-va-thu-dong-hoa-passi\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201ct\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling)\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation)\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling): D\u00f9ng axit (th\u01b0\u1eddng HNO3 + HF) ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1\u2013\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan l\u1edbp oxit m\u00e0u v\u00e0 l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o Crom ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Cr\/Ni \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u201ct\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d do nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation): X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 (nitric ho\u1eb7c citric) sau khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\/kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Passivation kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit m\u00e0u; n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a pickling, passivation s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 [ASTM A967].<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khi-nao-can-tay-khi-nao-can-thu-dong-hoa\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y: lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y (pickling) tr\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (root) c\u00e0ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng back purge t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, CIP\/SIP, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi): sau pickling n\u00ean passivation chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c, inox 201\/304 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9m: n\u00ean passivation sau pickling \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, khe k\u1ebd: \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ng\u00e2m\/tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-cac-phuong-phap-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: ch\u1ea3i, m\u00e0i, phun h\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: ch\u1ed5i d\u00e2y inox (x\u00e0i ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon), \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i\/flap disc h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m\/b\u1ecdt, Scotch-Brite, phun bi th\u1ee7y tinh (glass bead) ho\u1eb7c phun h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: nhanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit m\u00e0u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1edbp ngh\u00e8o Crom; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u201csmear\u201d kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m, t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Phun bi t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ea1t b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: Sau c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eabn n\u00ean pickling nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c passivation \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n [Nickel Institute].<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<br \/>\n1) Che ch\u1eafn khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, d\u00f9ng ch\u1ed5i inox s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c x\u1ec9.<br \/>\n2) M\u00e0i tinh d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u theo r\u00e3nh.<br \/>\n3) T\u1ea9y\/ho\u1eb7c passivation ti\u1ebfp theo, r\u1ed3i r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>2) T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (pickling b\u1eb1ng gel\/dung d\u1ecbch)<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t: h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HNO3 (axit nitric) + HF (axit flohydric) h\u00f2a tan oxit Cr\/Fe v\u00e0 l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o Crom, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gel\/paste b\u00f4i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ng\u00e2m b\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c phun tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n: cho linh ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn\/\u1ed1ng coil, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o (t\u00f9y nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gel: HF 1\u20138%, HNO3 8\u201325%; th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u 10\u201345 ph\u00fat \u1edf 15\u201330\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ng\u00e2m: HF 0.5\u20133%, HNO3 8\u201325%; 10\u201360 ph\u00fat, khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau \u0111\u00f3 trung h\u00f2a ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (pH ~8\u20139) v\u00e0 r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u00edt Cl- [ASTM A380; Outokumpu Guide].<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 heat tint v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o Crom; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m &#038; an to\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; HF c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i; lu\u00f4n \u0111eo PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, g\u0103ng cao su butyl\/neoprene, k\u00ednh, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1), c\u00f3 gel canxi gluconat t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i\/axit th\u1ea3i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00f4i gel t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (th\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng):<br \/>\n1) Che ch\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xung quanh b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng keo\/PE v\u00ec gel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n2) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc (dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9). L\u00e0m kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n3) D\u00f9ng ch\u1ed5i nh\u1ef1a\/axit-resistant b\u00f4i gel ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u + 10\u201320 mm xung quanh.<br \/>\n4) Ch\u1edd 10\u201330 ph\u00fat (theo nh\u00e3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4).<br \/>\n5) C\u1ea1o b\u1ecf gel th\u1eeba, r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u1ebfn khi pH trung t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3\/NaHCO3 lo\u00e3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n6) Ki\u1ec3m tra: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n heat tint; n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m m\u00e0ng (water-break-free).<\/p>\n<h3>3) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (electrochemical weld cleaning)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m: d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed5i than\/graphite v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (th\u01b0\u1eddng axit photphoric). D\u00f2ng DC\/pulsed b\u00f3c oxit m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: nhanh, \u00edt nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n HF, thao t\u00e1c linh ho\u1ea1t, \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f9ng xung quanh, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: v\u1edbi oxit r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u201csugaring\u201d b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n pickling HF. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n passivation b\u1ed5 sung t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: lan can, khung ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u2014 x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) b\u1eb1ng nitric ho\u1eb7c citric<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Crom t\u1ef1 do \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\/\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 m\u1ecfng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn theo ASTM A967:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nitric: 20\u201345% HNO3, 20\u201360\u00b0C, 20\u201345 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Citric: 4\u201310% axit citric, 20\u201360\u00b0C, 10\u201360 ph\u00fat; an to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Passivation kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf pickling: n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n heat tint\/\u00f4xit, c\u1ea7n pickling tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n  &#8211; R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 sau passivation \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh: th\u1eed gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc (water-break), th\u1eed dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat ho\u1eb7c ferroxyl \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do theo ASTM A380.<\/p>\n<h3>5) \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3ng (electropolishing) \u2013 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn cao c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f2a tan anot c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u00e1m, gi\u1ea3m Ra 20\u201350%, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n [ISO 15730].<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, trang tr\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p, chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-trinh-khuyen-nghi-theo-boi-canh-su-dung\">Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n A \u2013 H\u00e0n khung\/lan can ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi (304\/201)<\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb9 (ch\u1ed5i inox ri\u00eang, m\u00e0i tinh v\u1ec7t m\u00e0u).<br \/>\n2) Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong hai:<br \/>\n   &#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; ho\u1eb7c<br \/>\n   &#8211; B\u00f4i gel pickling HF\/HNO3 10\u201320 ph\u00fat, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n3) Passivation b\u1eb1ng citric 5\u20137% 20\u201330 ph\u00fat n\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n4) R\u1eeda, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n B \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/CIP (316\/316L)<\/h3>\n<p>1) H\u00e0n TIG c\u00f3 back purge N2 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u201csugaring\u201d b\u00ean trong.<br \/>\n2) Ng\u00e2m pickling to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 spool (HF th\u1ea5p + HNO3) ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n dung d\u1ecbch trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i.<br \/>\n3) Passivation to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng nitric ho\u1eb7c citric theo ASTM A967.<br \/>\n4) Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: kh\u00f4ng heat tint, th\u1eed water-break \u0111\u1ea1t; t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed pitting (ASTM G48 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n A, n\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n C \u2013 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i\/g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n (316\/duplex)<\/h3>\n<p>1) Pickling k\u1ef9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc).<br \/>\n2) Passivation b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. V\u1edbi duplex, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7t khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u pha sigma do nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n3) Ki\u1ec3m tra mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do (ferroxyl) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng phun bi th\u1ee7y tinh s\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-soat-chat-luong-sau-xu-ly\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n heat tint\/n\u1ee9t vi\u1ec1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng (water-break): b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch\/\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd cho m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat ho\u1eb7c ferroxyl: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do theo ASTM A380.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Ra n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Ra \u2264 0.8 \u00b5m cho \u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi ch\u00e9p: lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, pH x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i; \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng ch\u1ed5i\/\u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon: g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, r\u1ec9 nhanh. Lu\u00f4n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cho inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng pickling trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-: d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed7 c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n sau 1\u20133 th\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00f4i gel qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4: \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec7t loang. Lu\u00f4n canh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng trung h\u00f2a\/x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i: g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n lan, vi ph\u1ea1m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng back purge: m\u1eb7t trong b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (sugaring) \u2013 pickling b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-lua-chon-theo-mac-inox-pho-bien-tai-viet-nam\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 201 (Mn\u2013N cao, Ni th\u1ea5p): ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c pickling k\u1ef9, n\u00ean passivation n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u1ea9m\/ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; tr\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304\/304L: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng; v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng pickling l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng passivation gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316\/316L: kh\u00e1ng Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-an-toan-moi-truong\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; HF\/HNO3: ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c; PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u canxi gluconat; l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3; tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p carbon \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu gom v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pH tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 SDS nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p citric v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-chi-phi-tien-do-tham-khao\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: 1\u20135 ph\u00fat\/m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ee1 50\u2013150 mm, chi ph\u00ed h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u00e1y ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gel pickling: 10\u201330 ph\u00fat th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u + r\u1eeda; chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 trung b\u00ecnh; c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2m b\u1ec3\/tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n: chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cao nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation: 20\u201360 ph\u00fat; chi ph\u00ed h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Passivation c\u00f3 l\u00e0m inox \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua pickling n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u? Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft l\u1edbp ngh\u00e8o Crom; trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7 v\u1eabn cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n HF kh\u00f4ng? V\u1edbi heat tint nh\u1eb9\u2013trung b\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3; v\u1edbi oxit d\u00e0y\/sugaring c\u1ea7n HF ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts (https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0380_a0380m-17.html)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts (https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0967_a0967m-17.html)<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for the Cleaning and Descaling of Stainless Steel (https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook \u2013 Post-weld cleaning guidance (https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com)<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA \u2013 Stainless Steel in Architecture, Surface finishing and cleaning (https:\/\/www.imoa.info)<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 15730 \u2013 Electropolishing of stainless steels (https:\/\/www.iso.org)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a inox do oxit m\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o Crom.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling) \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) \u2013 ki\u1ec3m tra.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng: c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\/\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a cho hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng; gel ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m cho x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00e2u; passivation \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ASTM A380\/A967 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed7 c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo m\u00e1c inox, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM; quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, an to\u00e0n HF, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1846"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1846\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}