{"id":1848,"date":"2026-03-31T12:34:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T05:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chon-que-day-han-inox-chuan-theo-mac-thep-304-316l-321-duplex\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T12:34:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T05:34:00","slug":"chon-que-day-han-inox-chuan-theo-mac-thep-304-316l-321-duplex","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chon-que-day-han-inox-chuan-theo-mac-thep-304-316l-321-duplex\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ecdn que, d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox chu\u1ea9n theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p: 304, 316L, 321, Duplex"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nguyen-tac-cot-loi-khi-chon-queday-han-inox\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-bang-chon-nhanh-theo-mac-thep-nen-theo-awsasme\">B\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n (theo AWS\/ASME)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khi-bao-ve-back-purging-va-thong-so-cot-loi\">Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, back purging v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-khi-nao-chon-bien-the-si-mo-nb\">Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u201cSi\u201d, \u201cMo\u201d, \u201cNb\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-trinh-6-buoc-chon-nhanh-tai-xuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-vi-du-ung-dung-thuc-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tieu-chuan-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n Inox, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que h\u00e0n\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u00e3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AWS\/ASME \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 321\/347, 430, 409\/410, 904L, Duplex 2205, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong \u201cC\u1ea9m nang K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p H\u00e0n v\u00e0 L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nguyen-tac-cot-loi-khi-chon-queday-han-inox\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean \u201cmatching\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cover-alloyed\u201d: ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p kim t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cL\u201d: ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p (L) nh\u01b0 308L, 316L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ferrite Number (FN): m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic c\u1ea7n FN kho\u1ea3ng 3\u201310 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; c\u00e1c que\/d\u00e2y Inox austenitic ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean Mo khi c\u00f3 Cl-: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a chloride n\u00ean d\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 Mo (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 316L, 309MoL).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: th\u00e9p 321\/347 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean d\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb (347) thay v\u00ec 321 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a TiO x\u1ea5u trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW (que h\u00e0n): Exxx (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 E308L-16\/-17).<br \/>\n  &#8211; GTAW\/TIG (que \u0111\u1eb7c): ERxxx (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ER308L).<br \/>\n  &#8211; GMAW\/MIG (d\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c): ERxxx\/ERxxxSi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ER308LSi cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; FCAW (d\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c): ExxxT- (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 E308LT1).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\/back purging: austenitic d\u00f9ng Ar tinh khi\u1ebft; MIG d\u00f9ng Ar + 1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar + 1\u20133% CO2; Duplex c\u1ea7n back purging b\u1eb1ng Ar c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung N2 1\u20132% \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 interpass: gi\u1eef th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba; austenitic v\u00e0 duplex kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u2264150 \u00b0C (duplex th\u01b0\u1eddng 100\u2013150 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-bang-chon-nhanh-theo-mac-thep-nen-theo-awsasme\">B\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n (theo AWS\/ASME)<\/h2>\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa: d\u00f9ng m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa AWS A5.4 (SMAW), A5.9 (GTAW\/GMAW), A5.22 (FCAW). \u201cSi\u201d trong d\u00e2y MIG\/TIG c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Austenitic 300-series (304\/304L, 316\/316L, 310, 321, 347)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E308L-16 ho\u1eb7c E308L-17<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG: ER308L<br \/>\n  &#8211; MIG: ER308L ho\u1eb7c ER308LSi<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a Cl-, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t):<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E316L-16\/-17<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG: ER316L<br \/>\n  &#8211; MIG: ER316L ho\u1eb7c ER316LSi<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 \u2194 316 (kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i trong c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd austenitic):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n: ER316L\/E316L-16; thay th\u1ebf: 309L khi khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310 (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, oxy h\u00f3a):<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E310-16<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER310<br \/>\n&#8211; 321 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng Ti, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng que\/d\u00e2y 347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro v\u1edbi Ti-oxide:<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E347-16\/-17<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER347\/ER347Si<br \/>\n&#8211; 347:<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E347-16\/-17<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER347\/ER347Si<\/p>\n<h3>Austenitic 200-series (201\/202)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201\/202 (Mn cao):<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u\/\u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n    &#8211; SMAW: E308L-16<br \/>\n    &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER308L\/ER308LSi<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi carbon steel: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 309L.<\/p>\n<h3>Ferritic 400-series (409, 430, 439&#8230;) v\u00e0 Martensitic (410\/420)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 430 (ferritic):<br \/>\n  &#8211; An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng: d\u00f9ng austenitic over-alloyed<br \/>\n    &#8211; SMAW: E308L-16 ho\u1eb7c E309L-16 (309L n\u1ebfu h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbn)<br \/>\n    &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER308L ho\u1eb7c ER309L<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u matching ferritic: E430LNb-16 (\u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; 409 (ferritic ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u00f4 t\u00f4):<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E309L-16 (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb)<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER309L<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 (martensitic, c\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Matching n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n:<br \/>\n    &#8211; SMAW: E410NiMo-15\/-16 (ho\u1eb7c E410-15 k\u00e8m PWHT)<br \/>\n    &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER410NiMo<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n h\u01a1n khi \u00edt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: 309L (gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n PWHT).<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n preheat 150\u2013250 \u00b0C, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hydrogen; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ram sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>Si\u00eau austenitic\/si\u00eau ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 904L (Si\u00eau austenitic, H2SO4):<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E385-16 (904L)<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER385<br \/>\n&#8211; 254SMO (6%Mo):<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER2594 ho\u1eb7c ERNiCrMo-3 (t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t)<\/p>\n<h3>Duplex\/Super Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Duplex 2205:<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E2209-16<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER2209<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: back purging v\u1edbi Ar + 1\u20132% N2, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o v\u00e0 interpass 100\u2013150 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenite\/ferite.<br \/>\n&#8211; Super Duplex 2507:<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER2594<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, back purging gi\u00e0u N2.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Inox \u2194 Th\u00e9p carbon\/th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111a d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E309L-16\/-17<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER309L<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n\/kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 m\u00e1c\/\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER312 (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferrite cao, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t)<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n\/ nhi\u1ec7t cao kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ERNiCr-3 (Alloy 82) ho\u1eb7c ERNiCrMo-3 (Alloy 625)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khi-bao-ve-back-purging-va-thong-so-cot-loi\">Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, back purging v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; GTAW\/TIG:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00ed: Ar 99.99% cho austenitic; Duplex: Ar + 1\u20132% N2 cho m\u1eb7t sau.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f2ng DCEN, que \u00d81.6\u20132.4\u20133.2 mm; m\u1ecf nh\u1ecf, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 8\u201312 L\/min; d\u00f9ng cup gas l\u1edbn khi h\u00e0n root.<br \/>\n&#8211; GMAW\/MIG:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00ed: Ar + 1\u20132% O2 (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p), ho\u1eb7c Ar + 1\u20133% CO2 (kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m oxy h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2y \u00d80.8\u20131.2 mm; ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 spray\/pulsed spray cho t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y; short-arc cho t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; SMAW:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ef1c DC+; \u00d82.6\u20133.2\u20134.0 mm; ch\u1ecdn -16 cho t\u01b0 th\u1ebf to\u00e0n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\/AC-DC, -17 cho \u00edt hydro.<br \/>\n&#8211; Back purging (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p):<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi inox khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao; d\u00f9ng phim d\u00e1n purging, purge dam ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed; gi\u1eef O2 < 100 ppm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (sugaring).\n- Interpass:\n  - Austenitic \u2264150 \u00b0C; Duplex 100\u2013150 \u00b0C; Martensitic t\u00f9y m\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n preheat v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 PWHT).\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-khi-nao-chon-bien-the-si-mo-nb\">Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u201cSi\u201d, \u201cMo\u201d, \u201cNb\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cSi\u201d (ER308LSi\/ER316LSi): t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y, \u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e9p, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n g\u00e1 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, MIG t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cMo\u201d (309MoL, 316L): t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting\/crevice do Cl-, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cNb\u201d (347): \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a cacbit, d\u00f9ng cho 321\/347\/\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-trinh-6-buoc-chon-nhanh-tai-xuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n: 200\/300 austenitic, 400 ferritic\/martensitic, duplex.<br \/>\n2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/Cl-, axit, nhi\u1ec7t cao, chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n3) Ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n: matching ho\u1eb7c over-alloyed (\u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d).<br \/>\n4) Ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: SMAW\/TIG\/MIG\/FCAW v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n5) Ch\u1ecdn kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n back purging (b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u00edn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n).<br \/>\n6) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, interpass, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 308 (kh\u00f4ng \u201cL\u201d) cho 304L \u2192 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1ea1t: h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng 308L.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n 304 \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng 308L trong khi c\u1ea7n Mo \u2192 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 321 filler cho 321 base \u2192 \u01b0u ti\u00ean 347 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n 430 b\u1eb1ng matching ferritic nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u2192 n\u1ee9t\/gi\u00f2n: d\u00f9ng 308L\/309L ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng back purging khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng Inox \u2192 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u1eb7t sau b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a n\u1eb7ng, suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: lu\u00f4n purging.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng kh\u00ed CO2 cao cho MIG Inox \u2192 oxy h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u: gi\u1eef CO2 \u22643% ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng Ar+O2 1\u20132%.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua interpass cho duplex \u2192 l\u1ec7ch pha, suy gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh\/ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: gi\u1eef 100\u2013150 \u00b0C v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng N2 trong purging.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y\/ th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau h\u00e0n \u2192 v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n pickling\/passivation chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n martensitic 410\/420 kh\u00f4ng preheat\/PWHT \u2192 n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i: tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 preheat, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ram sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 309L m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit m\u1ea1nh \u2192 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc Ni-base (82\/625) khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-vi-du-ung-dung-thuc-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can\/khung n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t 304L d\u00e0y 1.5\u20133.0 mm: MIG v\u1edbi ER308LSi, kh\u00ed Ar + 2% CO2; h\u00e0n m\u1ed1i g\u00f3c ng\u1eafn, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, pickling nh\u1eb9, passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n 316L Schedule 10: TIG root v\u1edbi ER316L, back purging b\u1eb1ng Ar (O2 < 100 ppm), fill pass MIG ER316L; interpass \u2264150 \u00b0C.  \n- B\u1ed3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t 321 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 550 \u00b0C: SMAW E347-16, stringer beads, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, PWHT n\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.  \n- K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng Inox 304 \u2194 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon: TIG root ER309L, fill MIG ER309L; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pha lo\u00e3ng, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m (buttering) 309L tr\u00ean th\u00e9p carbon khi t\u1ea3i cao.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tieu-chuan-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS A5.4, A5.9, A5.22 \u2013 Stainless Steel Filler Metals (ASME SFA t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6 \u2013 Structural Welding Code\u2014Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute): Welding stainless steels \u2013 selection of consumables, shielding gases, heat input.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Welding Handbook \u2013 Guidelines for welding stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric, ESAB: Stainless Steel Filler Metal Selection Guides (b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn m\u00e3 308L\/316L\/309L\/347\/2209&#8230;).  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L \u2192 308L; 316\/316L \u2192 316L; 321\/347 \u2192 347; 430\/409 \u2192 308L ho\u1eb7c 309L; 410\/420 \u2192 410NiMo ho\u1eb7c 309L; 904L \u2192 385; Duplex 2205 \u2192 2209.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon \u2192 309L (ho\u1eb7c 312 cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3), m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc Ni-base.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t FN, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang, back purging m\u1eb7t sau, interpass \u2264150 \u00b0C v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n.  <\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn nhanh que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox cho 304, 316L, 321, 430, Duplex; khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb AWS (E\/ER308L, 316L, 309L, 347, 2209), kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1848"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1848\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}