{"id":1854,"date":"2026-04-02T00:34:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T17:34:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lap-dung-ket-cau-inox-lon-an-toan-thi-cong-chong-bien-dang-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T00:34:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T17:34:30","slug":"lap-dung-ket-cau-inox-lon-an-toan-thi-cong-chong-bien-dang-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lap-dung-ket-cau-inox-lon-an-toan-thi-cong-chong-bien-dang-2\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn: An to\u00e0n thi c\u00f4ng &#038; ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-dac-thu-cua-ket-cau-inox-lon-anh-huong-den-lap-dun\">\u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-lap-ke-hoach-lap-dung-an-toan-tu-phap-ly-den-hien-\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng an to\u00e0n: t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-bien-phap-chong-bien-dang-truoc-trong-sau-khi-lap-\">Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 trong \u2013 sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-an-toan-va-chat-luong-cho-lien-ket-bulong-va-han-n\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho li\u00ean k\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-hoan-thien-sau-lap-dung-lam-sach-tay-mau-nhiet-va-\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n sau l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-checklist-thuc-hanh-nhanh-va-quy-trinh-tham-khao\">Checklist th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhanh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tai-lieu-tham-khao-chinh\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9) k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba an to\u00e0n v\u1eeba ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng an to\u00e0n n\u00e2ng \u2013 l\u1eafp, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Inox. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-dac-thu-cua-ket-cau-inox-lon-anh-huong-den-lap-dun\">\u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t: Austenitic (304\/316) \u2248 17\u201317,5 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K, cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p c\u00e1cbon (~12 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K). D\u1ec5 cong v\u00eanh khi h\u00e0n, khi ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p: ~16 W\/m\u00b7K (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p c\u00e1cbon ~45 W\/m\u00b7K) khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n, t\u0103ng co ng\u00f3t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i E \u2248 193 GPa (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p c\u00e1cbon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat), bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 304\/316 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 ~205 MPa; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n: c\u1ea7n que\/kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n 308L\/316L, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t delta ferrite \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (theo AWS D1.6).<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng \u2013 h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Co ng\u00f3t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n g\u00e2y cong, v\u1eb7n, v\u00eanh m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m, k\u00e9o l\u1ec7ch l\u1ed7 bul\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng khi n\u00e2ng \u2013 quay \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi d\u1ea7m, khung m\u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n\/chu k\u1ef3 do gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u1eafng \u2013 m\u01b0a \u2013 gi\u00f3 n\u00f3ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f3p c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00ea \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb1ng bu\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m m\u1ec1m\/b\u1ea3n k\u00ea ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-lap-ke-hoach-lap-dung-an-toan-tu-phap-ly-den-hien-\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng an to\u00e0n: t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; QCVN 18:2021\/BXD v\u00e0 TCVN 5308:1991 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; TCVN 5575:2012 (k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p \u2013 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf) v\u00e0 TCVN 2737 (t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng) cho ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6 (Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel) cho h\u00e0n Inox; EN 1090-2 cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u2013 dung sai l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng; ISO 9606-1\/ISO 15614 cho ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3\/WPS-PQR.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea9u l\u1eafp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao, PCCC v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u201chot work\u201d n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (CG), \u0111i\u1ec3m treo\/ear-plate \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. D\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1c c\u00e2n t\u1ea3i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u00f3c sling \u226560\u00b0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng theo 1\/cos\u03b8.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9u theo bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i, x\u00e9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (d\u1eebng c\u1ea9u khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f2n c\u00e2n, khung treo, sling t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\/nylon \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 g\u00f3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ngay khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n: gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m, gi\u00e1 ch\u1eef A, neo \u0111\u1ea5t\/neo b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1o c\u1ea9u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ea1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u1eafp theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng d\u1ea7n: l\u1eafp khung ch\u00ednh \u2013 gi\u1eb1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 s\u00e0n\/x\u00e0 g\u1ed3 \u2013 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h3>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea9u, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0m, tag-line ch\u1ed1ng quay.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, che ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 cho v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n, b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 fire-watch.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao: d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n, lifeline, l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n, thang \u2013 s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c (m\u00e1y to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1c\/laser) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, cao \u0111\u1ed9 theo m\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 theo ISO 9606-1\/AWS D1.6 cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox; ki\u1ec3m tra tay ngh\u1ec1 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; WPS\/PQR ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho m\u00e1c Inox s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (304\/316\/duplex), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng\/\u00e1p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa pass (interpass).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch NDT: VT 100%, PT cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ee9t; si\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4-men\/c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-bien-phap-chong-bien-dang-truoc-trong-sau-khi-lap-\">Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 trong \u2013 sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ednh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed khe co gi\u00e3n, g\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t PTFE ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 d\u00e0i cho li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00f5ng cho d\u1ea7m\/khung nh\u1ecbp l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 khi t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n xong \u0111\u1ea1t cao \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng \u1edf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng (gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o); h\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: duplex c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n austenitic nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3>G\u00e1 l\u1eafp c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kho\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u0103ng g\u00e1\/strongback, n\u00eam c\u00e2n, thanh gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1 h\u00ecnh trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00ednh (tack) \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng; m\u00e0i tinh m\u1ed1i \u0111\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n li\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng\/chill bar ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9p t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng theo AWS D1.6<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p: GTAW cho l\u1edbp l\u00f3t, GMAW xung ho\u1eb7c FCAW (Inox) cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7; d\u00e2y L (C th\u1ea5p) 308L\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, back-step, skip-weld, chia \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m heat input; interpass cho austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264150 \u00b0C; tr\u00e1nh preheat kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<br \/>\n&#8211; Che ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 cho h\u1ed3 quang; kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t\/bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec1u pass thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t pass l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; che n\u1eafng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 khi c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh cao \u0111\u1ed9\/\u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee5c \u2013 cho ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cx\u1ea3\u201d ch\u00eanh nhi\u1ec7t, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c \u2013 dung sai \u2013 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra trong t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng total station\/laser: \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, cao \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tim.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tham chi\u1ebfu dung sai EN 1090-2\/AISC Code of Standard Practice cho \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ed7, m\u00e9o xo\u1eafn; ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (cold straightening) b\u1eb1ng k\u00edch\/n\u00eam\/thanh k\u00e9o l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi Inox. N\u1eafn n\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t; tr\u00e1nh gi\u1eef l\u00e2u trong v\u00f9ng 425\u2013815 \u00b0C d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 \u0103n m\u00f2n (theo AWS D1.6 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-an-toan-va-chat-luong-cho-lien-ket-bulong-va-han-n\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho li\u00ean k\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>Ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t ren (galling) v\u1edbi bul\u00f4ng Inox<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng c\u1eb7p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t (moly\/graphite\/PTFE) l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec1u; kh\u00f4ng si\u1ebft kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4-men theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u201ck-class\u201d b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n; d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee9ng, DTI n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Si\u1ebft theo chu\u1ed7i \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n 30\u201360\u2013100% \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho Inox (\u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i\/b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9), c\u1ea5m m\u1ea1t th\u00e9p c\u00e1cbon b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sling v\u1ea3i\/nylon, \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u1ef1a\/g\u1ed7; tr\u00e1nh k\u00e9o l\u00ea tr\u00ean s\u00e0n th\u00e9p c\u00e1cbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Che ch\u1eafn tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i\/h\u00e0n; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201carc strike\u201d ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-hoan-thien-sau-lap-dung-lam-sach-tay-mau-nhiet-va-\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n sau l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo ASTM A380\/A967<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint) quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc (g\u1ed1c nitric\/citric) ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tinh (brush Inox, h\u1ea1t phi kim).<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u2013 trung ho\u00e0 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp oxit Cr b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ede m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ecdn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (No.4\/320\u2013400 grit ho\u1eb7c bead-blast m\u1ecbn), c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201ctea staining\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-checklist-thuc-hanh-nhanh-va-quy-trinh-tham-khao\">Checklist th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhanh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<h3>Checklist 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2013 an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>1) R\u00e0 so\u00e1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (QCVN 18, AWS D1.6, EN 1090).<br \/>\n2) T\u00ednh \u2013 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e2ng; duy\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ea9u.<br \/>\n3) \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u CG, g\u1eafn ear-plate \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 g\u00f3c sling.<br \/>\n4) D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00f5ng\/khe co gi\u00e3n trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<br \/>\n5) \u0110\u1ed3 g\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng; tack \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n6) Ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p; interpass ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n7) Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0n back-step\/\u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng\/skip-weld.<br \/>\n8) D\u00f9ng chill bar\/strongback \u1edf m\u00e9p m\u1ecfng\/d\u1ea7m m\u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n9) \u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng laser\/total station; ghi bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n dung sai.<br \/>\n10) \u01afu ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1eafn n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n11) Bul\u00f4ng Inox: b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng galling, si\u1ebft theo chu\u1ed7i \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n12) D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho Inox, tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<br \/>\n13) Che n\u1eafng khi c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh tinh; thi c\u00f4ng khung theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n14) T\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 theo ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n15) NDT ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (VT\/PT), nghi\u1ec7m thu dung sai theo EN 1090-2.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng khung m\u00e1i Inox ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: L\u1eafp c\u1ed9t \u2013 gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m (neo \u0111\u1ea5t), c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, si\u1ebft t\u1ea1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: N\u00e2ng \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea1c c\u00e2n, tack bul\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n \u0111\u00ednh, ki\u1ec3m tra cao \u0111\u1ed9; h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 theo WPS (\u0111o nhi\u1ec7t, ghi ch\u00e9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: L\u1eafp d\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5\/x\u00e0 g\u1ed3 theo c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng; \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng, hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng n\u00eam\/k\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n kh\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 skip; th\u00e1o gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ec7 khung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: PT m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng, si\u1ebft ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n bul\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t si\u1ebft.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: T\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1; v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3; nghi\u1ec7m thu dung sai l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tai-lieu-tham-khao-chinh\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M: Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel, American Welding Society.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 1090-2: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures \u2013 Technical requirements for steel structures.<br \/>\n&#8211; QCVN 18:2021\/BXD \u2013 Quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n trong thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; TCVN 5575:2012 \u2013 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; TCVN 2737 \u2013 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, \u201cWelding Stainless Steels\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cDistortion Control\u201d (h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 \u2013 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo AWS D1.6, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u2013 interpass, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn theo QCVN 18\/EN 1090, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n ASTM A380\/A967. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u2013 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u2013 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, WPS v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn an to\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cong v\u00eanh khi h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo chu\u1ea9n AWS D1.6, EN 1090, QCVN 18.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1854"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}