{"id":1856,"date":"2026-04-02T12:34:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:34:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-chon-vat-lieu-bu-va-quy-trinh-chuan\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T12:34:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:34:43","slug":"han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-chon-vat-lieu-bu-va-quy-trinh-chuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-chon-vat-lieu-bu-va-quy-trinh-chuan\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-kho\">V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckh\u00f3\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-tac-vang-chon-vat-lieu-bu\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chon-phuong-phap-han-va-khi-bao-ve\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-khuyen-nghi-tung-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-tinh-huong-dien-hinh-va-khuyen-nghi-nhanh\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-ho-so-ky-thuat\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-luu-y-ve-an-toan-va-moi-truong\">L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-chi-phi-va-tinh-kinh-te\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00e0n Inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9) v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba \u201cnh\u1ea1y\u201d v\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n kim v\u1eeba \u201ckh\u00f3\u201d v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr\u2013Ni, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i: ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n) \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ee9c tranh C\u1ea9m nang K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-kho\">V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckh\u00f3\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Pha lo\u00e3ng (dilution) t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m Cr v\u00e0 Ni trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, suy y\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau (Inox austenit cao h\u01a1n) d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ferrite delta.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i do hydro t\u1eeb ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) c\u1ee7a Inox khi gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u 500\u2013800\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-tac-vang-chon-vat-lieu-bu\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sau khi pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 Cr v\u00e0 Ni \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n. Do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Cr v\u00e0 Ni cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Austenit 304\/304L\/316\/316L v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (Q235, SS400, A36\u2026)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean: 309L\/309LSi (GTAW\/GMAW: ER309L\/ER309LSi \u2013 AWS A5.9; SMAW: E309L-16\/17 \u2013 AWS A5.4; FCAW: E309LT1-1\/4 \u2013 AWS A5.22).<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi khe h\u1edf b\u1ea9n, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng cao: 312 (ER\/E312) nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferrite r\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ecbu pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl- ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 cao h\u01a1n: 309MoL (c\u00f3 Mo).<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fd do: 309L (~23Cr\u201313Ni) sau pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 18-8\u201d, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ferrit\/mactenxit 409\/410\/420\/430 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 309L ho\u1eb7c 312 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i\/n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mactenxit gi\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 410\/410NiMo (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t), c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cao 150\u2013300\u00b0C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ram gi\u1ea3m gi\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n; tuy nhi\u00ean khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, 309L\/312 th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Duplex (2205, 2304) v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: 2209 (ER2209 \u2013 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenit\/ferrit \u0111\u00fang cho duplex) ho\u1eb7c 309L n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t interpass th\u1ea5p (\u2264100\u2013150\u00b0C) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha.<\/p>\n<h3>Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i PWHT ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 n\u1ec1n Ni: ERNiCr-3 (Alloy 82, AWS A5.14) ho\u1eb7c que ENiCrFe-3 (Alloy 182, AWS A5.11). N\u1ec1n Ni ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t t\u1ed1t, \u00edt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi PWHT.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cbuttering\u201d: \u0111\u1eafp 2\u20133 l\u1edbp 309L ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim Ni l\u00ean th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PWHT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Inox b\u1eb1ng 309L\/2209 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi PWHT \u1edf 600\u2013700\u00b0C, d\u00f9ng butter Ni \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n 309L.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chon-phuong-phap-han-va-khi-bao-ve\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n<h3>TIG (GTAW)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lo\u00e3ng t\u1ed1t, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho pass ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9: ER309L\/ER309LSi, ER312, ERNiCr-3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed: Argon tinh khi\u1ebft (\u226599,99%), DCEN. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha He cho v\u1eadt d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Back purging b\u1eb1ng Ar khi xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u, gi\u1eef O2 trong \u1ed1ng <100\u2013200 ppm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201csugaring\u201d.\n\n\n\n<h3>MIG\/MAG (GMAW)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao cho pass \u0111\u1eafp\/fill.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2y: ER309LSi (d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea3y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p), ER312, ERNiCr-3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed: Ar + 1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar + 2% CO2; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf CO2 cao \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u00e3o h\u00f2a C v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. DCEP. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h3>SMAW (Que h\u00e0n)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Linh ho\u1ea1t ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Que: E309L-16\/17, E312-16; v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n Ni d\u00f9ng ENiCrFe-3.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea5y que theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ea9m (gi\u1ea3m r\u1ed7\/ n\u1ee9t hydro).<\/p>\n<h3>FCAW<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ecbu gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2y: E309LT1-1 (kh\u00ed CO2 100%), E309LT1-4 (kh\u00ed Ar\/CO2). Ch\u00fa \u00fd x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa pass.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-khuyen-nghi-tung-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e9p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1o v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (V 60\u201370\u00b0 cho t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y; K cho \u1ed1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch 20\u201330 mm hai b\u00ean m\u00e9p: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, s\u01a1n, r\u1ec9; ch\u1ea3i inox d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Fit-up \u0111\u1ec1u, khe h\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho th\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n khi c\u1ea7n; c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng carbon th\u1ea5p: 50\u2013120\u00b0C; th\u00e9p h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\/Ceq cao: 120\u2013250\u00b0C (theo WPS v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox austenit: gi\u1eef interpass \u2264150\u00b0C (duplex \u2264100\u2013150\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (kho\u1ea3ng 0,5\u20131,5 kJ\/mm); d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng (stringer), h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1eafc r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>3) K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Pass ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng TIG v\u1edbi ER309L, back purge n\u1ebfu xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi d\u00f9ng MIG\/SMAW cho pass \u0111\u1eafp: ch\u1ecdn 309LSi\/E309L-16; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/d\u00f2ng theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00e2y\/que, \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn\/ xung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pha lo\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1i thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Inox \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00fat s\u1eaft t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng h\u1ed3 quang l\u00e2u t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p Inox \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eadm.<\/p>\n<h3>4) X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9, spatters, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u tr\u00ean Inox; t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng gel\/citric\/nitric theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (epoxy, k\u1ebdm l\u1ea1nh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai kim lo\u1ea1i khi c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/\u0111i\u1ec7n ly.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edn kh\u00ed\/kinh \u00e1p: ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 PT\/RT\/MT theo quy ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-tinh-huong-dien-hinh-va-khuyen-nghi-nhanh\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng Inox 1\u20132 mm gh\u00e9p th\u00e9p 3\u20136 mm: TIG pass ch\u00e2n ER309L, back purge; fill b\u1eb1ng TIG ho\u1eb7c MIG xung v\u1edbi ER309LSi; interpass \u2264120\u2013150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng Inox 304 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t b\u00edch th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: TIG root 309L c\u00f3 purge; \u0111\u1eafp MIG 309LSi; ph\u1ee7 s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e0y, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u PWHT theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0n th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: buttering b\u1eb1ng ERNiCr-3 l\u00ean th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (2\u20133 l\u1edbp), PWHT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Inox b\u1eb1ng 309L ho\u1eb7c 2209 (n\u1ebfu Inox duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride cao (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m mu\u1ed1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t): \u01b0u ti\u00ean 309MoL ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng Ni-base n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-ho-so-ky-thuat\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp WPS\/PQR theo AWS D1.6 (Inox) ho\u1eb7c ASME IX cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 AWS D1.1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra: VT 100%, PT v\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Inox, RT\/UT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HAZ ph\u00eda th\u00e9p (gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n theo quy ph\u1ea1m).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t FN (Ferrite Number) m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng 309\/312 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t an to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (FN kho\u1ea3ng 5\u201330 t\u00f9y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: t\u0103ng ferrite b\u1eb1ng 309L\/312, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, d\u00f9ng stringer bead, gi\u1ea3m pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i (hydro) ph\u00eda th\u00e9p: ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, que\/d\u00e2y kh\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1ea9m t\u1ed1t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hydro khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed\/oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t sau (sugaring): back purge \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, d\u00f9ng Ar tinh khi\u1ebft, che ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean Inox: gi\u1ea3m interpass, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u1eefa pass, v\u1ec7 sinh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a s\u1edbm: c\u00e1ch ly b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ecb kim b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ly.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-luu-y-ve-an-toan-va-moi-truong\">L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n Inox c\u00f3 Cr(VI): th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, kh\u1ea9u trang l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n: PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-chi-phi-va-tinh-kinh-te\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 309L\/312\/Ni-base c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n d\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ee9t\/\u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u b\u1eb1ng: TIG root + MIG\/FCAW fill, d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y 309LSi cho \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0\u1edbt t\u1ed1t, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M \u2013 Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel; ASME Section IX (WPS\/PQR quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric, Welding stainless steel to carbon steel (Technical Article).<br \/>\n&#8211; ESAB Knowledge Center, Dissimilar metal welding guidelines.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Welding Handbook; Sandvik Materials Technology, Welding of stainless steels.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a: 309L\/309LSi cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft 304\/316 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng; 312 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3; 2209 cho duplex; Ni-base (ERNiCr-3\/ENiCrFe-3) khi c\u00f3 PWHT ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u: TIG root c\u00f3 back purge, fill MIG\/SMAW \u0111\u00fang kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00eda th\u00e9p, interpass th\u1ea5p ph\u00eda Inox, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf pha lo\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sau h\u00e0n: th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n Inox, ph\u1ee7\/c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\nL\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox\u2013th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, k\u00edn kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ecdn que\/kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00f9 309L\u2013312, quy tr\u00ecnh TIG\/MIG\/SMAW, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1856"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1856\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}