{"id":1881,"date":"2026-04-09T00:34:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T17:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-astm-cho-thep-khong-gi-ma-yeu-cau-va-cach-ap-dung\/"},"modified":"2026-04-09T00:34:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T17:34:15","slug":"tieu-chuan-astm-cho-thep-khong-gi-ma-yeu-cau-va-cach-ap-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-astm-cho-thep-khong-gi-ma-yeu-cau-va-cach-ap-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: m\u00e3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-astm-la-gi-va-vai-tro-voi-thep-khong-gi\">ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-he-thong-ma-tieu-chuan-astm-ap-dung-cho-inox-theo-\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho inox (theo d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-noi-dung-ky-thuat-cot-loi-ban-can-nam\">N\u1ed9i dung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-so-sanh-astm-voi-jisen-va-cach-quy-doi\">So s\u00e1nh ASTM v\u1edbi JIS\/EN v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-cach-doc-chung-chi-mtc-va-xac-minh-hang-dung-astm\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (MTC) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang ASTM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-loi-pho-bien-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-p\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-lua-chon-tieu-chuan-dung-theo-ung-dung\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-bang-tham-chieu-nhanh-cac-ma-astm-inox-thuong-gap\">B\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e3 ASTM inox th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 khung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9) trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e3 ASTM \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho inox, n\u1ed9i dung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u2013 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n, so s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi JIS\/EN, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 \u201cTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n &#038; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Inox\u201d c\u00f9ng JIS, CO\/CQ.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-astm-la-gi-va-vai-tro-voi-thep-khong-gi\">ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2>\n<p>ASTM International (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 American Society for Testing and Materials) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ban h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi inox, ASTM quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo m\u00e1c\/UNS.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, ch\u1ea3y, gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, dung sai ph\u1eb3ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4van.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh, th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, NDT\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, ghi nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng (Mill Test Certificate \u2013 MTC).<\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\/mua h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201ctheo ASTM \u2026\u201d, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-he-thong-ma-tieu-chuan-astm-ap-dung-cho-inox-theo-\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho inox (theo d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, d\u1ea3i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M: T\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, d\u1ea3i inox (austenitic, ferritic\u2026) cho b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A480\/A480M: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1eb9t inox\/kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t (dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A666: Austenitic sheet\/strip\/plate\/flat bar \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh, l\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A276\/A276M: Thanh inox c\u00e1n\/nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A479\/A479M: Thanh\/h\u00ecnh inox d\u00f9ng cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1edbi A182\/A403).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M: \u1ed0ng austenitic h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A358\/A358M: \u1ed0ng austenitic h\u00e0n EFW c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn\/\u00e1p cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A269: \u1ed0ng austenitic h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chung (flattening, flaring, NDT).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A213\/A213M: \u1ed0ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (ferritic &#038; austenitic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A268\/A268M: \u1ed0ng ferritic\/martensitic cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chung.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A511\/A511M: \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed inox \u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n (seamless).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A554: \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed inox h\u00e0n cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A403\/A403M: Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng r\u00e8n\/\u0111\u00fac b\u1eb1ng inox austenitic (elbow, tee, reducer\u2026).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A182\/A182M: M\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 inox cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A313\/A313M: D\u00e2y inox l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ghi nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n:<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m: \u201cASTM A240 304L, 6.00 \u00d7 1500 \u00d7 6000 mm, Heat No. XXXXX, 2B, Mill Y\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: \u201cASTM A312 TP316L 2&#8243; SCH40S, Heat No. XXXXX, SAW, Solution Annealed, Mill Y\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: \u201cASTM A403 WP304L, 2&#8243; SCH40S LR Elbow, Heat No. XXXXX\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-noi-dung-ky-thuat-cot-loi-ban-can-nam\">N\u1ed9i dung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p (UNS)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 UNS (ASTM E527). V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 = UNS S30400; 304L = S30403.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316 = S31600; 316L = S31603.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 (ferritic) = S43000.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 (austenitic Mn cao) = S20100.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Cr 18.0\u201320.0%, Ni 8.0\u201310.5%, C \u2264 0.08%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L: gi\u1ed1ng 304 nh\u01b0ng C \u2264 0.03% \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: Cr 16.0\u201318.0%, Ni 10.0\u201314.0%, Mo 2.0\u20133.0%; 316L c\u00f3 C \u2264 0.03%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: Cr kho\u1ea3ng 16.0\u201318.0%, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Ni gi\u1ea3m, Mn t\u0103ng so 304 (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m 304, nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-).<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 A240, A276, A312 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (UTS), gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y (YS, 0.2% offset), \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i (El%).<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (austenitic d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7): UTS \u2248 515 MPa, YS \u2248 205 MPa, El \u2265 40%. Ferritic 430 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 UTS t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n austenitic v\u00e0 El% nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (annealed vs cold-worked).<\/p>\n<h3>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u solution annealed v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (pickled &#038; passivated) tr\u1eeb khi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (ASTM A480):<br \/>\n  &#8211; No.1: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 sau c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (th\u00f4).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2B: c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i + \u1ee7 + skin pass (m\u1edd m\u1ecbn \u0111a d\u1ee5ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; BA: \u1ee7 s\u00e1ng (g\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, d\u1eadp).<br \/>\n  &#8211; No.4, HL: ch\u1ea3i x\u01b0\u1edbc trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng A554: c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung sai<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; A480: dung sai chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, d\u1ea3i; m\u00e3 flatness theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; A312\/A269: dung sai OD, WT, \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4van; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh\/ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean; schedule theo ASME B36.19M (khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; A554: dung sai ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 OD, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00ec t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (heat analysis): ASTM E415 (quang ph\u1ed5), E1086 (OES)\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh: ASTM A370 (k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n), \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (HRB\/HB).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A262 (th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh cho austenitic \u2013 Practice E ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM G48 (pitting\/crevice trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-) n\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c NDT (eddy current\/ultrasonic) theo A312\/A269.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed b\u1eb9t (flattening), loe (flaring), b\u00f9ng m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (PMI) b\u1eb1ng XRF \u0111\u1ec3 so kh\u1edbp Cr\u2013Ni\u2013Mo v\u1edbi m\u00e1c khai b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-so-sanh-astm-voi-jisen-va-cach-quy-doi\">So s\u00e1nh ASTM v\u1edbi JIS\/EN v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 = JIS SUS304 = EN 1.4301.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L = SUS304L = EN 1.4307.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316 = SUS316 = EN 1.4401.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L = SUS316L = EN 1.4404.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 = SUS430 = EN 1.4016.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 dung sai gi\u1eefa ASTM\u2013JIS\u2013EN c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khi thay th\u1ebf ch\u00e9o, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, dung sai v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo ASTM th\u00ec th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng theo ASTM t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-cach-doc-chung-chi-mtc-va-xac-minh-hang-dung-astm\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (MTC) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang ASTM<\/h2>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n:<br \/>\n1) Ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f2ng \u201cSpecification\u201d: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ASTM A240\/A240M-23 ho\u1eb7c ASTM A312\/A312M-22.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng\/thanh) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c (TP304L, 316L\u2026).<\/p>\n<p>2) \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Heat No. v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<br \/>\n&#8211; Heat No. tr\u00ean MTC ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 d\u1eadp\/in tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng\/ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam size, schedule, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n (ERW\/SAW), tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>3) So s\u00e1nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ASTM (Cr, Ni, Mo, C, Mn, Si, P, S, N\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: UTS\/YS\/El kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n: \u201cSolution Annealed\u201d cho austenitic; t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/dung sai: m\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (2B\/BA\/No.4\/HL), dung sai theo A480 (t\u1ea5m) ho\u1eb7c dung sai OD\/WT (\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n<p>4) Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb C\/O \u2013 C\/Q<br \/>\n&#8211; C\/O (Certificate of Origin): ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\/Q (Certificate of Quality): ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 MTC theo EN 10204 3.1\/3.2.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\/O kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf C\/Q; ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (ASTM).<\/p>\n<p>5) Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i kho\/x\u01b0\u1edfng<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/OD\/WT, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng\/ph\u1eb3ng; c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI nhanh (XRF) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304\/316\/430 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Mo c\u1ee7a 316\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p theo \u00e1p l\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn NDT \u0111\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi nghi ng\u1edd: g\u1eedi m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (OES), c\u01a1 t\u00ednh (k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n (A262\/G48 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n<p>Checklist ng\u1eafn ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ee7i ro:<br \/>\n&#8211; Spec \u0111\u00fang + phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Heat No. kh\u1edbp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t min ASTM.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, dung sai \u0111\u00fang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c; Mo \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\/O + MTC 3.1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7; nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\/mill uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-loi-pho-bien-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-p\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 201 thay 304 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/m\u1eb7n: d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: PMI, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Mo khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n \u1ed1ng A554 (trang tr\u00ed) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: nguy hi\u1ec3m. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 A312\/A269; k\u00e8m th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\/NDT.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khai b\u00e1o 316 nh\u01b0ng Mo th\u1ea5p: ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Mo \u2265 2.0% (theo A240\/A312).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi 304 nh\u01b0ng C kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t 304L cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: v\u1edbi h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ecdn 304L\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n: g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu A480, c\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B v\u1edbi BA\/No.4: \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1eabu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ghi r\u00f5 m\u00e3 finish.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-lua-chon-tieu-chuan-dung-theo-ung-dung\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ea5m: A240 + A480; ch\u1ecdn 304\/304L cho n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, 316\/316L cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: \u1ed0ng A312 (TP304L\/316L) + Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n A403 (WP304L\/316L) + M\u1eb7t b\u00edch A182 (F304L\/F316L). Theo ASME B31.3 khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i: A213 (SEAMLESS) ho\u1eb7c A269 (SEAMLESS\/WELDED) theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed: A554 (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c), \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng theo s\u1ed1 nh\u00e1m mong mu\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed: A276 (\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung) ho\u1eb7c A479 (n\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-bang-tham-chieu-nhanh-cac-ma-astm-inox-thuong-gap\">B\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e3 ASTM inox th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; A240\/A240M: T\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1\/d\u1ea3i inox cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c &#038; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung.<br \/>\n&#8211; A480\/A480M: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1eb9t inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; A666: Austenitic sheet\/strip\/plate\/flat bar (\u1ee7\/bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n&#8211; A276\/A276M: Thanh\/h\u00ecnh inox \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung.<br \/>\n&#8211; A479\/A479M: Thanh\/h\u00ecnh inox cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; A312\/A312M: \u1ed0ng austenitic h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac cho \u0103n m\u00f2n\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; A358\/A358M: \u1ed0ng austenitic h\u00e0n EFW c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn\/\u00e1p cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; A269: \u1ed0ng austenitic d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chung (th\u1eed b\u1eb9t\/loe\/NDT).<br \/>\n&#8211; A213\/A213M: \u1ed0ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (ferritic &#038; austenitic).<br \/>\n&#8211; A268\/A268M: \u1ed0ng ferritic\/martensitic d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chung.<br \/>\n&#8211; A511\/A511M: \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed inox \u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; A554: \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed inox h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; A403\/A403M: Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; A182\/A182M: M\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e8n inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; A313\/A313M: D\u00e2y inox l\u00f2 xo.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa A240 v\u00e0 A480?<br \/>\n  &#8211; A240 l\u00e0 \u201cspecification\u201d cho t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1\/d\u1ea3i; A480 l\u00e0 \u201cgeneral requirements\u201d \u0111i k\u00e8m, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh dung sai\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai.<br \/>\n&#8211; TP ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong A312 TP304\/TP316?<br \/>\n  &#8211; TP = \u201cType\u201d (m\u00e1c\/m\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 304\/316); v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u201cWP\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u00f9ng \u201cF\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 v\u00e0 304L kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L c\u00f3 C \u2264 0.03% \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh sau h\u00e0n; c\u01a1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay 304 kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, c\u00f3 Cl-. 201 k\u00e9m ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u01a1n 304; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng A554 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng. A554 l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c d\u00f9ng A312\/A269 v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\/NDT theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A480\/A480M \u2013 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A269 \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A403\/A403M \u2013 Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A182\/A182M \u2013 Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A262 \u2013 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E527 \u2013 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS) (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Stainless Steels \u2013 Alloy 304\/316 datasheets (nickelinstitute.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook (outokumpu.com)<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho inox: t\u1eeb h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, dung sai \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e3 theo d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a: t\u1ea5m (A240 + A480), \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (A312), \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (A213\/A269), \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed (A554), ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n (A403), m\u1eb7t b\u00edch (A182), thanh (A276\/A479).<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c minh C\/O\u2013C\/Q b\u1eb1ng MTC, ki\u1ec3m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\/c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, PMI v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao (Cl-, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t), \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316\/316L v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (A262\/G48).<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi JIS\/EN, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 inox chu\u1ea9n ASTM? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cho inox: m\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (A240, A312&#8230;), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, dung sai, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh C\/O\u2013C\/Q chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1881"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1881\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}