{"id":1905,"date":"2026-04-15T00:34:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T17:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-304-316-201-khi-dung-khi-sai\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T00:34:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T17:34:19","slug":"thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-304-316-201-khi-dung-khi-sai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-304-316-201-khi-dung-khi-sai\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox 304, 316, 201: khi \u0111\u00fang, khi sai"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nguyen-ly-vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-inox-khon\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 inox kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-cho-ket-qua-dung-va-huu-ich\">Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u00daNG v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khi-nao-phep-thu-de-sai-va-vi-sao\">Khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed D\u1ec4 SAI (v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao)?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-thu-nam-cham-dung-cach-tai-xuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-phan-tich-theo-mac-inox-pho-bien-o-viet-nam\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kich-ban-thuc-te-tai-xuong-va-cach-xu-ly\">K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-sai-lam-thuong-gap-can-tranh\">Sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-neu-can-khang-dinh-mac-va-chat-luong-lam-gi-cho-ch\">N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ch\u1eafc?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-dung-khi-nao-sai\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d, khi n\u00e0o \u201csai\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng inox t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cInox x\u1ecbn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cquy t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng\u201d. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang trong v\u00e0i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cx\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c th\u00e9p\u201d. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox, ch\u1ec9 ra khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed h\u1eefu \u00edch, khi n\u00e0o sai l\u1ec7ch, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nguyen-ly-vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-inox-khon\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 inox kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (inox), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ecbn\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenit (series 300: 304, 316, 310\u2026): b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n v\u00ec sinh martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng hay c\u00f3 ferrit d\u01b0.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferrit (series 400: 409, 430, 439, 441\u2026): nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensit (410, 420, 431\u2026): nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex (2205, 2304\u2026): nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t (pha ferrit ~50%), d\u00f9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n  &#8211; PH \u2013 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ec1n (17-4PH\/630): nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ni \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit (gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh), Cr \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ferrit (t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh), Mo t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i do ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5n, d\u1eadp, c\u1eaft x\u00e9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o martensite c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong 304\/201 \u2192 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n austenit th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed5 sung ch\u00fat ferrit trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u2192 v\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: SSINA, Atlas Steels, Outokumpu v\u00e0 ASM Specialty Handbook m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-cho-ket-qua-dung-va-huu-ich\">Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u00daNG v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh inox austenit v\u1edbi inox ferrit\/martensit\/duplex \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n 430 s\u1ebd h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; 304\/316 chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon m\u1ea1 (thi\u1ebfc\/k\u1ebdm) gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng inox:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m d\u00ednh r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; v\u1ebft m\u00e0i cho tia l\u1eeda s\u00e1ng lo\u00e9; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ec5 r\u1ec9 sau th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai l\u00f4 nghi ng\u1edd 304 vs 430:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 430.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khi-nao-phep-thu-de-sai-va-vi-sao\">Khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed D\u1ec4 SAI (v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao)?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/316 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e1n, ch\u1ea5n, d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o \u1ed1ng, ren, x\u00e9n m\u00e9p t\u1ea1o martensite \u2192 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 d\u00f9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 304\/316 chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201\/202 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat nh\u1eb9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9 Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f4 201 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 v\u1eabn cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d \u2192 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 304 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex (2205) h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t cao:<br \/>\n  &#8211; G\u00e1n \u201ch\u00fat = inox k\u00e9m\u201d l\u00e0 sai; duplex d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1edd PREN cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 trong nh\u00e0:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cH\u00fat = r\u1ec9 ngay\u201d c\u0169ng sai; 430 d\u00f9ng \u1ed5n cho trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i \u00f4 t\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c (NdFeB vs nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh) cho c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m d\u00e0y, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 g\u00e2n m\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eed sai:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed ngay t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e9p c\u1eaft x\u00e9n lu\u00f4n \u201ch\u00fat\u201d h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u clad\/l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p carbon b\u1ecdc inox m\u1ecfng (clad) s\u1ebd h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh do l\u00f5i th\u00e9p carbon, d\u00f9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m Curie) nh\u01b0ng \u00edt li\u00ean quan th\u1eed hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u201cm\u00e1c\u201d, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n\u201d hay \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-thu-nam-cham-dung-cach-tai-xuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<h3>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m neodymium c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch lau b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; b\u00fat \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u00f3: m\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1eeb d\u01b0, Ferrite Scope (\u0111o FN v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n), m\u00e1y PMI XRF.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>1) Ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, m\u00e9p c\u1eaft, v\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30\u201350 mm.<br \/>\n2) Th\u1eed v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh:<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat, h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, h\u00fat v\u1eeba, h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh. So v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<br \/>\n3) Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed th\u00eam g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/m\u00e9p c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ra sao.<br \/>\n4) K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1m:<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n \u2192 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 austenit (304\/316\/201\u2026). H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u2192 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ferrit\/martensit\/duplex ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p carbon m\u1ea1.<br \/>\n5) Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ghi m\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, chuy\u1ec3n sang ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00f3a \u2013 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed kh\u00e1c (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; PMI XRF: \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr, Ni, Mo \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304\/316\/430 nhanh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3m Mo cho 316: thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft molypden (Mo) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 MTC\/CO-CQ theo ASTM A240\/A276: \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra tia l\u1eeda khi m\u00e0i: ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o FN v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng Ferrite Scope: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenit.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-phan-tich-theo-mac-inox-pho-bien-o-viet-nam\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L (18Cr-8Ni):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7: h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; sau c\u00e1n\/ch\u1ea5n\/h\u00e0n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (18Cr-10Ni-2Mo):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00cdt nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 304 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, bi\u1ec3n, y t\u1ebf, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201\/202 (Cr-Mn-Ni th\u1ea5p):<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat nh\u1eb9; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304, nh\u1ea1y r\u1ed7 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1i\/\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u00e1n \u201cnh\u01b0 304\u201d n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430\/439\/441 (ferrit):<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4 (409\/439).<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 (martensit):<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng; d\u00f9ng dao k\u00e9o, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205:<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7\/khe v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i 304\/316; d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kich-ban-thuc-te-tai-xuong-va-cach-xu-ly\">K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: \u1ed0ng 304 c\u00e1n ren\/hai \u0111\u1ea7u loe h\u00fat nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng sinh ra khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: PMI XRF x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c; x\u1eed l\u00fd passivation n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: T\u1ea5m 316 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u1edf gi\u1eefa, h\u00fat r\u00f5 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft x\u00e9n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng m\u00e9p c\u1eaft. L\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 3: H\u1ed9p \u201cinox\u201d h\u00fat r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebft r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: Th\u00e9p carbon m\u1ea1; ho\u1eb7c 430 d\u00f9ng sai m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CO\/CQ.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 4: Lan can \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d nh\u01b0ng sau 6 th\u00e1ng ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 201 \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; ch\u1ecdn sai m\u00e1c cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: D\u00f9ng 316L ho\u1eb7c duplex tu\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-sai-lam-thuong-gap-can-tranh\">Sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 316: sai. C\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n Mo b\u1eb1ng PMI\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat = inox x\u1ecbn = d\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d: sai. 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00fat = k\u00e9m\u201d: sai v\u1edbi duplex\/17-4PH.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft: sai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1eed: k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-neu-can-khang-dinh-mac-va-chat-luong-lam-gi-cho-ch\">N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ch\u1eafc?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1:<br \/>\n  &#8211; CO\/CQ, MTC n\u00eau r\u00f5 m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240\/A276\/A312\u2026), nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (PMI):<br \/>\n  &#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay \u0111\u1ecdc Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn\u2026 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 201\/304\/316\/430 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Pickling &#038; passivation theo ASTM A380\/A967 sau h\u00e0n; th\u1eed s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110o Ferrite Number (FN) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: 201\/430 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7. Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: 304\/304L. Ven bi\u1ec3n\/chloride: 316L ho\u1eb7c duplex 2205.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d?<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1p: Austenit gi\u00e0u Ni c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt\/kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ecfi: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m. Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (th\u01b0\u1eddng 316L\/duplex) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao inox b\u1ecb r\u1ec9?<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1p: Sai m\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng 201 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft carbon, x\u1eed l\u00fd\/passivation k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SSINA \u2013 Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel: https:\/\/www.ssina.com\/education\/frequently-asked-questions\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels: https:\/\/www.atlassteels.com.au\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook: https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com\/<br \/>\n&#8211; ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, ASM International.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Technical resources on stainless steels: https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org\/<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A276\/A312, ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-dung-khi-nao-sai\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d, khi n\u00e0o \u201csai\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00fang: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (austenit vs ferrit\/martensit\/duplex) v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon m\u1ea1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sai: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (304 vs 316 vs 201), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, hay k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n: Th\u1eed \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p PMI, CO\/CQ, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM khi c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c inox th\u1eadt \u2013 gi\u1ea3? Hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a 304, 316, 201, 430; c\u00e1c sai s\u1ed1 do c\u00e1n, h\u00e0n; quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1905\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}