{"id":1907,"date":"2026-04-15T12:34:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T05:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-chuyen-dung-de-phan-biet-inox-304-va-201\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T12:34:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T05:34:21","slug":"huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-chuyen-dung-de-phan-biet-inox-304-va-201","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-chuyen-dung-de-phan-biet-inox-304-va-201\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00f9ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 304 v\u00e0 201"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-ngan-vi-sao-304-va-201-phan-ung-khac-nha\">T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn: v\u00ec sao 304 v\u00e0 201 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-an-toan-truoc-tien\">An to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-dung-cu-va-dieu-kien-chung\">D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-phuong-phap-1-thuoc-thu-chuyen-dung-304201-spot-te\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng 304\/201 (spot test reagent)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-phuong-phap-2-thu-bang-axit-nitric-loang-hno3-1020\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng axit nitric lo\u00e3ng (HNO3 10\u201320%)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-phuong-phap-3-thuoc-thu-satiii-clorua-fecl3-de-so-\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed s\u1eaft(III) clorua (FeCl3) \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-phuong-phap-bo-tro-kiem-tra-ni-bang-thuoc-thu-dmg-\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3: ki\u1ec3m tra Ni b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed DMG (\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-quy-trinh-quyet-dinh-thuc-te-tai-xuong-goi-y\">Quy tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng (g\u1ee3i \u00fd)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-yeu-to-gay-sai-lech-va-cach-khac-phuc\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-khi-nao-nen-dung-pmixrf\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\">H\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh Inox 304 v\u1edbi 201 b\u1eb1ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e2u mua h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c 304\/201 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb PMI \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Inox tr\u00ean Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-ngan-vi-sao-304-va-201-phan-ung-khac-nha\">T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn: v\u00ec sao 304 v\u00e0 201 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304: austenitic 18\/8 (kho\u1ea3ng 18% Cr, 8\u201310.5% Ni). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni cao gi\u00fap b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi axit nitric v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 201: austenitic ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m Ni (Cr 16\u201318%, Ni th\u01b0\u1eddng 1\u20134%, b\u1ed5 sung Mn v\u00e0 N). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n, m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 304, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit chloride ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3: v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed\/axit ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u, \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng-n\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed7 nhanh h\u01a1n 304 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-an-toan-truoc-tien\">An to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Trang b\u1ecb: k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, g\u0103ng nitrile\/butyl, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trung h\u00f2a: dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 5\u201310% \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a axit; n\u01b0\u1edbc DI \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed tr\u00ean b\u1ed3n\/chai ch\u1ee9a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Che ch\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1eafn gi\u1ecdt.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-dung-cu-va-dieu-kien-chung\">D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chung<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Dung m\u00f4i t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u: isopropanol\/acetone.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m m\u1ecbn #600\u2013800 (t\u1ea1o \u201cv\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i\u201d khi c\u1ea7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt\/que t\u0103m b\u00f4ng, timer 1 s\u201315 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed: 20\u201330\u00b0C, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4, s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u\/s\u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft (m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng 304 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng 201) \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0u\/nhanh ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-phuong-phap-1-thuoc-thu-chuyen-dung-304201-spot-te\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng 304\/201 (spot test reagent)<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (spot test) cho inox 304\/201 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i oxy h\u00f3a cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ni\/Mn\/Cr \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u nhanh (n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea1ch) trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, trong khi 304 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cThu\u1ed1c th\u1eed inox 304\/201\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn (c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n SDS).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc DI, b\u1ed9t soda (NaHCO3) \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a sau th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>1) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, lau kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n2) N\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng\/hairline b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 s\u01a1n\/phim: m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m #600 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ~5\u20138 mm.<br \/>\n3) Nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra.<br \/>\n4) B\u1ea5m gi\u1edd v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t trong 5\u201330 gi\u00e2y.<br \/>\n5) Ghi nh\u1eadn m\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u:<br \/>\n   &#8211; 201: th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhanh trong 3\u201315 s.<br \/>\n   &#8211; 304: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, ch\u1eadm.<br \/>\n6) Trung h\u00f2a ngay b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt NaHCO3, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n7) L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u nhanh, r\u00f5\u201d: nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 201. \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm\u201d: nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb passivation\/polish c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u, h\u00e3y m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 titan, s\u01a1n, m\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3 inox s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u1ea7n b\u00f3c \u0111i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-phuong-phap-2-thu-bang-axit-nitric-loang-hno3-1020\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng axit nitric lo\u00e3ng (HNO3 10\u201320%)<\/h2>\n<h3>V\u00ec sao d\u00f9ng HNO3?<\/h3>\n<p>Inox 304 kh\u00e1ng axit nitric t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni v\u00e0 Cr cao; trong khi 201 k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc 304 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e9p austenitic chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>Dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Pha HNO3 65% l\u00ean n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 10\u201320% b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI (\u0111\u1ed5 axit v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ee7 h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>1) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u; m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1o \u201cv\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i\u201d.<br \/>\n2) Nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt HNO3 10\u201320% l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n3) Quan s\u00e1t 2\u201310 ph\u00fat \u1edf 25\u00b15\u00b0C.<br \/>\n4) Ghi nh\u1eadn:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Inox 304: h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eef s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat; kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n   &#8211; Inox 201: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u, \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\u2013n\u00e2u, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac s\u1ee7i nh\u1eb9; sau 5\u201310 ph\u00fat xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edd.<br \/>\n5) Trung h\u00f2a, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, lau kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1eb9o gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u: t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean 15 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn 20% v\u00e0 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi m\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/heat-tint c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n do m\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n >10 mm.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-phuong-phap-3-thuoc-thu-satiii-clorua-fecl3-de-so-\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed s\u1eaft(III) clorua (FeCl3) \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed7<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>Dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng pitting (tham chi\u1ebfu ASTM G48). Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9, 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed7\/\u1ed1 s\u1eabm nhanh h\u01a1n 304.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh nhanh (so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n)<\/h3>\n<p>1) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb FeCl3 6\u201310% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc DI.<br \/>\n2) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n3) Th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt t\u0103m b\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ea5m l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong 5\u201310 ph\u00fat \u1edf 22\u201325\u00b0C.<br \/>\n4) Quan s\u00e1t:<br \/>\n   &#8211; 201: xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1m s\u1eabm\/r\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n   &#8211; 304: ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed1m h\u01a1n trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian.<br \/>\n5) Trung h\u00f2a\/r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ngay.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u1ea3 304 v\u00e0 201 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u; ph\u00e9p th\u1eed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh so s\u00e1nh nhanh theo c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-phuong-phap-bo-tro-kiem-tra-ni-bang-thuoc-thu-dmg-\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3: ki\u1ec3m tra Ni b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed DMG (\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed dimethylglyoxime (DMG) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ion Ni2+ t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y ch\u00fat m\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i (d\u0169a r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9), x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt axit lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Ni2+, th\u00eam amoniac v\u00e0 DMG.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 (Ni cao) cho m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n 201 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\/so s\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-quy-trinh-quyet-dinh-thuc-te-tai-xuong-goi-y\">Quy tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng (g\u1ee3i \u00fd)<\/h2>\n<p>1) Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n2) D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng 304\/201 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0u trong 5\u201330 s.<br \/>\n3) N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc, ch\u1ea1y ph\u00e9p HNO3 10\u201320% trong 2\u201310 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<br \/>\n4) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn (do ph\u1ee7\/m\u1ea1, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1t): l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng PMI XRF \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-yeu-to-gay-sai-lech-va-cach-khac-phuc\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/m\u1ea1 (PVD, s\u01a1n, m\u1ea1 niken m\u1ecfng): c\u1ea7n b\u00f3c\/m\u00e0i t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea7u\/m\u1ee1, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng: t\u1ea9y k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng IPA\/acetone.<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation m\u1ea1nh (axit nitric\/citric tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3): m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft m\u1edbi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm; th\u1eed \u1edf 20\u201330\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (do gia c\u00f4ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon): c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u201cgi\u1ea3 \u0103n m\u00f2n\u201d; n\u00ean t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-khi-nao-nen-dung-pmixrf\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn\/c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASME\/EN).<br \/>\nTrong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9; k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y PMI.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\">H\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/201 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea3 304 v\u00e0 201 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m austenitic, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. HCl t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 304 l\u1eabn 201 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y r\u1ed7, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hairline\/g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/kem \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts (tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1eed CuSO4 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM G48 \u2013 Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution.<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM: Stainless Steel 304 \u2013 Properties, Composition and Applications; Stainless Steel 201 \u2013 Properties and Applications.<br \/>\n&#8211; Koslow Scientific \u2013 Field metal identification and stainless steel spot tests (h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng 304\/201 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t: 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea1ch trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y; 304 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e9p th\u1eed HNO3 10\u201320% l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin: 304 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, \u00edt x\u1ec9n\/\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 201 trong 2\u201310 ph\u00fat \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; FeCl3 gi\u00fap so s\u00e1nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed7: 201 r\u1ed7 nhanh v\u00e0 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n 304 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1eed song song m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, trung h\u00f2a \u2013 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ngay sau khi th\u1eed. V\u1edbi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng, d\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.  <\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng axit nitric v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhanh Inox 304 v\u00e0 201. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1907","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1907"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1907\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}