{"id":1909,"date":"2026-04-16T00:33:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T17:33:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-200-300-400-qua-tia-lua-mai-huong-dan-thuc-hanh\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T00:33:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T17:33:46","slug":"phan-biet-inox-200-300-400-qua-tia-lua-mai-huong-dan-thuc-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-200-300-400-qua-tia-lua-mai-huong-dan-thuc-hanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox 200\/300\/400 qua tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tia-lua-mai-la-gi-va-tai-sao-dung-de-nhan-biet-ino\">Tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-an-toan-va-chuan-bi-chuan-hoa-dieu-kien-de-giam-sa\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-thuc-hanh-5-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-dau-hieu-tia-lua-dac-trung-theo-nhommac-inox-pho-b\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tia l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo nh\u00f3m\/m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-cac-cap-hay-nham-lan\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p hay nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-sai-so-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">Sai s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-khi-nao-khong-nen-dung-tia-lua-mai\">Khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ket-hop-kiem-tra-cheo-de-nang-do-tin-cay-95\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady >95%<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-quy-trinh-goi-y-cho-xuong-phan-loai-bo-hang-lan-20\">Quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho x\u01b0\u1edfng: ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3 h\u00e0ng l\u1eabn 201\/304\/430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng, khi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox b\u1eb1ng tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u1ebb, nhanh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox nh\u00f3m 200\/300\/400 (201, 304, 316, 430, 410\/420\u2026), n\u00eau r\u00f5 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tia l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, m\u1eb9o ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tia-lua-mai-la-gi-va-tai-sao-dung-de-nhan-biet-ino\">Tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Khi m\u00e0i kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ea1t v\u1ee5n b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng, oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh \u201ctia l\u1eeda\u201d. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh\/ph\u00e1o hoa (bursts) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cacbon t\u0103ng \u2192 tia s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1o hoa h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Crom, niken, molybden t\u0103ng \u2192 tia ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, \u00edt ph\u00e1o hoa.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Mangan c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m tia nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9), nh\u00ecn chung tia l\u1eeda \u00edt h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon; c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m 200\/300\/400 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 khi c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-an-toan-va-chuan-bi-chuan-hoa-dieu-kien-de-giam-sa\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9: k\u00ednh che m\u1eb7t, g\u0103ng tay, tai nghe, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o k\u00edn; kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1y m\u00e0i b\u00e0n 1\u20131,5 HP, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0nh 30\u201335 m\/s (\u2248 2.900\u20133.600 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat t\u00f9y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i oxit nh\u00f4m (Al2O3) h\u1ea1t 46\u201360, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 v\u1ea3i\/n\u1ec9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, l\u1edbp oxit tr\u01b0\u1edbc; th\u1eed tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n th\u1eeba\/ph\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, c\u00f9ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng g\u00f3c (\u2248 30\u201345\u00b0) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (1\u20132 gi\u00e2y) cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu so s\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb9o x\u01b0\u1edfng: \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n \u201cm\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u00e1c (201, 304, 316, 430, 410) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c quan nhanh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-thuc-hanh-5-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>1) D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m nhanh<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb: th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 austenitic (200\/300: 201\/202\/301\/304\/316). L\u01b0u \u00fd: 301\/304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh: th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ferritic\/martensitic (400: 430\/439\/410\/420) ho\u1eb7c duplex (2205).<\/p>\n<p>2) T\u1ea1o tia l\u1eeda trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p l\u1ef1c trung b\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u1eafn; kh\u00f4ng t\u00ec qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m tia \u201cn\u1ed5\u201d gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>3) Quan s\u00e1t 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tia (\u00edt\/v\u1eeba\/nhi\u1ec1u).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i tia (ng\u1eafn\/v\u1eeba\/d\u00e0i).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u s\u1eafc (\u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm \u2192 cam \u2192 v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng\/tr\u1eafng).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o hoa (\u00edt\/nhi\u1ec1u; ph\u00e1o hoa to nh\u1ecf).<\/p>\n<p>4) So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7t hai m\u1eabu hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i, so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c quan. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n khi so c\u1eb7p g\u1ea7n nhau.<\/p>\n<p>5) Ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1m<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nam ch\u00e2m, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ch\u1edd ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-dau-hieu-tia-lua-dac-trung-theo-nhommac-inox-pho-b\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tia l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo nh\u00f3m\/m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m austenitic 300: 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 301<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu (t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t \u00edt; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn\u2013trung b\u00ecnh; m\u00e0u cam-\u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1i \u201c\u0111\u1ee5c\u201d; h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa, nh\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t \u00edt.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (c\u00f3 Mo):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: \u00edt h\u01a1n 304, ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm h\u01a1n; g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1t tia\u201d n\u1ebfu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; 301:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n 304 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh nh\u1eb9; v\u1eabn \u00edt ph\u00e1o hoa.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb9o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 vs 316: n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa, m\u1eabu n\u00e0o tia ng\u1eafn, t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 316. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Mo s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n (xem ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o).<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m austenitic 200: 201\/202<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201\/202 (Mn, N cao h\u01a1n 304; C cao h\u01a1n):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 304 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5; m\u00e0u cam-v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n; c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c; \u0111\u00f4i khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1o hoa nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201csinh l\u1eeda\u201d d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n 304.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh 201 v\u1edbi 304: n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00f9m tia d\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf; 304 th\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ecf, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m ferritic 400: 430, 439\/441\/444<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 430:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh; m\u00e0u cam; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh; ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh \u00edt; r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa.<br \/>\n&#8211; 439\/441\/444 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb, Mo \u1edf 444):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: \u00edt h\u01a1n 430; m\u00e0u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n; g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 430 v\u1edbi 304: c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng 430 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tia \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y\u201d h\u01a1n 304 (v\u00ec 304 r\u1ea5t \u00edt tia).<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m martensitic 400: 410\/420 (dao, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 410 (C th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 420):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1; m\u00e0u cam-v\u00e0ng; nh\u00e1nh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n 430; c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa nh\u1ecf, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba.<br \/>\n&#8211; 420 (C cao):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n 410; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1o hoa h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u00e1nh tr\u1eafng-v\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1o hoa; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i tia l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 410\/420 v\u1edbi 430: 410\/420 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1o hoa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; 430 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa.<\/p>\n<h3>Duplex (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 2205) v\u00e0 17-4PH (630)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Duplex 2205:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh\/kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh (pha ferit).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: r\u1ea5t \u00edt; ng\u1eafn; m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\u2013cam t\u1ed1i; h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1y\u201d h\u01a1n 430 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH (630):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh; m\u00e0u cam; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e1o hoa nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 410\/420.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Tia l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p L (304L vs 304) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (316Ti\u2026), v\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t C\/Mo nh\u1ecf kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-cac-cap-hay-nham-lan\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p hay nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 vs 201:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: 201 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf; 304 th\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ecf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 vs 316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: 316 c\u00f2n \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d h\u01a1n 304 (ng\u1eafn, t\u1ed1i, r\u1ea5t \u00edt); c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng \u201cMoly drop test\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 vs 304:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: 430 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; 304 kh\u00f4ng\/nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: 430 trung b\u00ecnh, cam, \u00edt nh\u00e1nh; 304 r\u1ea5t \u00edt tia.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 vs 430:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o hoa r\u00f5; 430 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-sai-so-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">Sai s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u2192 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, luy\u1ec7n tay c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 s\u00e1ng \u2192 quan s\u00e1t trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n, s\u01a1n, oxit \u2192 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/gia c\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng \u2192 austenitic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi 400; d\u00f9ng tia l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf\/m\u1ecfng \u2192 tia y\u1ebfu; so s\u00e1nh song song v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-khi-nao-khong-nen-dung-tia-lua-mai\">Khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c g\u1ea7n nhau (304 vs 304L, 316 vs 316L, 430 vs 444\u2026) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee7\/l\u00e1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\nTrong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c PMI c\u1ea7m tay.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ket-hop-kiem-tra-cheo-de-nang-do-tin-cay-95\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady >95%<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: l\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m 200\/300 (th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb) v\u1edbi 400\/duplex (t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra Mo (Moly drop test): dung d\u1ecbch thiocyanate cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u1edbi Mo (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 316 v\u1edbi 304\/201). D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (CuSO4): ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon (kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 304\/201\/430 v\u1edbi nhau).<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI XRF\/OES c\u1ea7m tay: cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e1c m\u00e1c nhanh nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao ho\u1eb7c r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 MTC\/MTR nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p: \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-quy-trinh-goi-y-cho-xuong-phan-loai-bo-hang-lan-20\">Quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho x\u01b0\u1edfng: ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3 h\u00e0ng l\u1eabn 201\/304\/430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: D\u00f2 nam ch\u00e2m, t\u00e1ch ngay nh\u00f3m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 430) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt t\u1eeb (201\/304).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb: n\u1ebfu tia trung b\u00ecnh, \u00edt ph\u00e1o hoa \u2192 430; n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1o hoa \u2192 nghi 410\/420 (\u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt t\u1eeb: n\u1ebfu tia d\u00e0y, s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf \u2192 201; n\u1ebfu th\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ecf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh \u2192 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o Mo tr\u00ean v\u00e0i m\u1eabu nghi 316 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: G\u1eafn th\u1ebb t\u1ea1m v\u00e0 l\u01b0u b\u00fat to\u00e1n; g\u1eedi m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111i PMI n\u1ebfu l\u00f4 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304L v\u1edbi 304 b\u1eb1ng tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tia l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00f9ng nhau.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao 304 \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Do bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng\/c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac martensite h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/gia c\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 400-series.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y m\u00e0i tay thay cho m\u00e0i b\u00e0n?<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c-\u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n x\u01b0\u1edfng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i gi\u00fap th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u\/nh\u00e1nh\/ph\u00e1o hoa r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASM Metals Handbook, Desk Edition \u2013 Spark Testing, ASM International.<br \/>\n&#8211; Machinery\u2019s Handbook, Identification of Steels by Spark Testing, Industrial Press.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Stainless Steels; v\u00e0 Stainless Steel Handbook (\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m inox).<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook \u2013 Stainless Steel Grade Datasheets (t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f3m 200\/300\/400).<br \/>\n&#8211; Wikipedia \u2013 Spark testing (t\u1ed5ng quan nguy\u00ean l\u00fd).<br \/>\n&#8211; Koslow\/Qualitest \u2013 Molybdenum spot test for stainless steel (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra Mo t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u201cl\u1ecdc nhanh\u201d hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: tia d\u00e0y, s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n 304, c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: tia \u00edt, \u0111\u1ecf-\u0111\u1ee5c, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316: c\u00f2n \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d h\u01a1n 304, tia r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh, tia trung b\u00ecnh, cam, \u00edt nh\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420: t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh, tia s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1o hoa.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n. V\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c g\u1ea7n nhau, lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o (nam ch\u00e2m, Moly drop test, PMI).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang gi\u00fap th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea7m m\u00e1c, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox 201, 304, 316, 430, 410 b\u1eb1ng tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i: quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, m\u1eb9o tr\u00e1nh sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1909\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}