{"id":1956,"date":"2026-04-28T00:40:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T17:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-set-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-xu-ly-triet-de-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T00:40:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T17:40:57","slug":"vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-set-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-xu-ly-triet-de-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-set-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-xu-ly-triet-de-2\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao inox 304 v\u1eabn r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-304-va-gioi-han\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox 304 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-thuong-gap\">V\u00ec sao inox 304 v\u1eabn r\u1ec9? 10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-nhan-dien-nhanh-ri-gi-dang-xay-ra\">Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhanh: r\u1ec9 g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-xu-ly-triet-de-theo-chuan-ky-thuat\">Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-phong-ngua-lau-dai-thiet-ke-vat-lieu-bao-duong\">Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-nhung-sai-lam-thuong-gap-can-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-kich-ban-thuc-te-va-giai-phap-khuyen-nghi\">K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tieu-chuan-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1ec1n g\u1ec9 nh\u1edd l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 si\u00eau m\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng (tea staining), \u0111\u1ed1m r\u1ec9, r\u1ed7 pitting ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n khe. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o l\u00fd do \u201ct\u1ea1i sao inox 304 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t\u201d v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u2013 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-304-va-gioi-han\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox 304 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Cr ~18%, Ni ~8% (UNS S30400). Crom t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20133 nm, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i khi c\u00f3 oxy.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: L\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi ion clorua, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit\/ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, thi\u1ebfu oxy ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec3m khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM A240 (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n), Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steel and Corrosion; ASTM A380\/A967 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-thuong-gap\">V\u00ec sao inox 304 v\u1eabn r\u1ec9? 10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Clorua (mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y c\u00f3 Cl\u2212) g\u00e2y pitting\/tea staining<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ede m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u (tea staining) r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh r\u1ed7 pitting.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: 304 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho n\u01b0\u1edbc\/clorua >200 ppm \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. 316 (c\u00f3 Mo 2\u20133%) kh\u00e1ng pitting t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: \u1ed1 n\u00e2u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed7 kim nh\u1ecf li ti.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon trong gia c\u00f4ng\/thi c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ea1t s\u1eaft, tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p, k\u1eb9p th\u00e9p chung\u2026 b\u00e1m l\u00ean inox s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 r\u1ec9, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 inox r\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>3) T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t khi h\u00e0n: \u201ct\u00f4i m\u00e0u\u201d, oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7t m\u00e0u r\u01a1m\u2013xanh (heat tint) l\u00e0 l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y, ngh\u00e8o crom, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ede 500\u2013800\u00b0C, crom k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh Cr23C6 d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t (nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a), l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m crom trong n\u1ec1n, t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t. D\u00f9ng m\u00e1c L (304L), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau gi\u00fap kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Khe h\u1edf, b\u1eaby n\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebfu oxy c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00edt, g\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng, gio\u0103ng k\u00edn, h\u1ed1c khu\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u1ea9m\/mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t oxy, l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe.<\/p>\n<h3>5) \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (galvanic)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Li\u00ean k\u1ebft inox 304 v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n (th\u00e9p cacbon, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, nh\u00f4m) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, mu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o c\u1eb7p pin \u2192 v\u00f9ng inox g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h3>6) H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Javen\/NaClO, HCl (axit muriatic), ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y c\u00f3 clorua, xi m\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbt ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>7) \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 (No.1, HL th\u00f4) gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i\/ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n BA\/2B \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1ecbn \u2192 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 tea staining. \u1ede ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Ra \u22640,5\u20130,8 \u00b5m.<\/p>\n<h3>8) Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cl\u2212 + T cao (>50\u201360\u00b0C) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y pitting v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n (SCC). \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9a clorua l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3>9) Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u00e9o, d\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>10) Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr\/Ni th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t cao, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ASTM A240; thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: Nickel Institute; BSSA \u2013 Tea Staining; ASSDA Technical Bulletin; IMOA Practical Guidelines.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-nhan-dien-nhanh-ri-gi-dang-xay-ra\">Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhanh: r\u1ec9 g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tea staining: \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\u2013n\u00e2u theo v\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1m r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf: th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ed7 pitting: l\u1ed7 kim s\u00e2u, kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch; li\u00ean quan clorua, c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7t m\u00e0u quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: heat tint\/oxy h\u00f3a; ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n r\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n khe: \u0111en\/n\u00e2u trong khe h\u1eb9p, d\u01b0\u1edbi gio\u0103ng\/\u1ed1c; c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-xu-ly-triet-de-theo-chuan-ky-thuat\">Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n: Mang PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (g\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, k\u00ednh, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1\/kh\u1ea9u trang, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9). Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng HCl, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00fai s\u1eaft th\u00e9p. Th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng khu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2013 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1eed d\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1eeba, lau b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n m\u1ec1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y nh\u1eddn trung t\u00ednh\/ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 pH 8\u201310; ch\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng pad kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft (Scotch-Brite xanh). R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, lau kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2013 Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u1edbp oxit h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9:<br \/>\n&#8211; Gel t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (HNO3 8\u201325% + HF 1\u20138%): b\u00f4i l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/\u0111\u1ed1m r\u1ec9, ch\u1edd 10\u201345 ph\u00fat t\u00f9y nh\u00e0 SX, ch\u00e0 nh\u1eb9, r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi heat tint v\u00e0 pitting n\u00f4ng. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: HF c\u1ef1c nguy hi\u1ec3m; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 SDS. Tham chi\u1ebfu: ASTM A380.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit nitric 20\u201330% ho\u1eb7c citric 4\u201310%: d\u00f9ng khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 heat tint n\u1eb7ng; ng\u00e2m\/\u0111\u1eafp 20\u201360 ph\u00fat (nitric) ho\u1eb7c 30\u2013120 ph\u00fat (citric) \u1edf 25\u201360\u00b0C, r\u1eeda DI\/RO water. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: h\u00f2a tan s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u crom b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Tham chi\u1ebfu: ASTM A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: m\u00e0i\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m ho\u1eb7c pad kh\u00f4ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nitric\/citric \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2013 S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1edbi r\u1ed7 n\u00f4ng: m\u00e0i m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng r\u1ed7, t\u1ea9y pickling l\u1ea1i, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi r\u1ed7 s\u00e2u\/\u0103n m\u00f2n khe: n\u1ebfu \u0103n v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc thay chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (316\/duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn Ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ven bi\u1ec3n: \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u00f3ng m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c electropolish).<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 \u2013 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ecfng g\u1ed1c polymer\/siloxane chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho inox \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc loang \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ebft n\u00e2u sau 24\u201372h trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-phong-ngua-lau-dai-thiet-ke-vat-lieu-bao-duong\">Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y clorua th\u1ea5p, ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t xa bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, r\u1eeda xe. PREN: 304 ~18\u201319; 316 ~24 \u2192 kh\u00e1ng pitting v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n: phun s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/Cl\u2212 cao.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: IMOA; Nickel Institute; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng b\u1eaby n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khe<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1o d\u1ed1c tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u22653\u00b0, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1edd h\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc; tr\u00e1nh gh\u00e9p ch\u1ed3ng k\u00edn; t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khe \u22650,8 mm ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n inox v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u1ef1a\/PTFE, long \u0111en c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh galvanic.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox; kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i inox g\u1ea7n th\u00e9p cacbon; d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox 304\/316 ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: d\u00f9ng que\/kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n 308L\/316L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; che kh\u00ed m\u1eb7t sau (back purging), h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch heat tint ngay sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ee1 keo d\u00ednh\/xi m\u0103ng s\u1edbm, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch sau khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: lau s\u1ea1ch 3\u20136 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb b\u1ee5i\/kh\u00f3i: 1\u20133 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n \u22645 km: x\u1ecbt r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n; v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9 2\u20134 tu\u1ea7n\/l\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng Javen\/Cloramin B; n\u1ebfu l\u1ee1 d\u00f9ng, r\u1eeda th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-nhung-sai-lam-thuong-gap-can-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng HCl, Javen\/NaClO \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ct\u1ea9y nhanh\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u00fai s\u1eaft, ch\u1ed5i th\u00e9p cacbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng, mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y\/\u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch heat tint sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau m\u00e0i\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-kich-ban-thuc-te-va-giai-phap-khuyen-nghi\">K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can inox 304 \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n\/\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng b\u1ecb \u1ed1 sau 2\u20133 th\u00e1ng: r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n; t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; n\u1ebfu s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n\/kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, chuy\u1ec3n sang 316L ho\u1eb7c electropolish, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc 304 b\u1ecb \u1ed1 n\u00e2u quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y gel HNO3+HF khu tr\u00fa v\u00f9ng heat tint, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng citric; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t clorua n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p <200 ppm, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf clo h\u00f3a s\u1ed1c.\n- D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u201crouging\u201d \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea1t trong h\u1ec7 CIP: chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a citric \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pH\/oxy h\u00f3a trong dung d\u1ecbch v\u1ec7 sinh, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p 316L \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t cao.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tieu-chuan-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240 \u2013 Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1 (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1c 304).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380, ASTM A967 \u2013 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines for corrosion and cleaning of stainless steels \u2013 nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASSDA Technical Bulletin: Preventing tea staining \u2013 assda.asn.au<br \/>\n&#8211; BSSA: Cleaning stainless steel \u2013 bssa.org.uk<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA: Practical guidelines for fabrication of stainless steels \u2013 imoa.info<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 304 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u201ck\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi clorua, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khe v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. X\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n:<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 oxit h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c (316\/duplex) cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inox 304 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 do clorua, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khe h\u1edf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}