{"id":1998,"date":"2026-05-09T12:34:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T05:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-co-loai-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-loai-lai-khong-giai-dap-ky-thuat\/"},"modified":"2026-05-09T12:34:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T05:34:38","slug":"vi-sao-co-loai-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-loai-lai-khong-giai-dap-ky-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-co-loai-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-loai-lai-khong-giai-dap-ky-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-ban-chat-tu-tinh-cua-inox-van-de-nam-o-vi-cau-truc\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-phan-ung-voi-nam-cham-theo-homac-inox-pho-bien\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m theo h\u1ecd\/m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-vi-sao-304316-doi-khi-van-hut-nam-cham\">V\u00ec sao 304\/316 \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn \u201ch\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-inox-chuan-thi-khong-hut-nam-cham-hieu-dung-de-cho\">\u201cInox chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d \u2013 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-thuc-te-khi-nao-uu-tien-khong-hut-khi-nao\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: khi n\u00e0o \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d, khi n\u00e0o \u201cc\u00f3 h\u00fat\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-tra-dung-cach-dung-chi-dung-moi-nam-cham\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch: \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i nam ch\u00e2m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-xu-ly-hien-tuong-hut-nam-cham-ngoai-y-muon\">X\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-thuc-te-thi-truong-viet-nam-phan-biet-201-304-430\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201 \u2013 304 \u2013 430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan-cau-tra-loi-ngan-gon-chon-mac-theo-moi-tr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u2013 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eebng \u201cch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cv\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi kim lo\u1ea1i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, k\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-ban-chat-tu-tinh-cua-inox-van-de-nam-o-vi-cau-truc\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft\u2013cr\u00f4m (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u226510.5%Cr), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam Ni, Mo, Mn, N\u2026 T\u1eeb t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenite (FCC): h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (paramagnetic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferrite (BCC) v\u00e0 martensite (BCT): c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (ferromagnetic), h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ni, Mn, N \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenite \u2192 gi\u1ea3m\/lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr, Mo (khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 Ni) thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ferrite \u2192 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i (c\u00e1n, ch\u1ea5n, k\u00e9o) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n austenite th\u00e0nh martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2192 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m h\u01a1n. V\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u201c\u03b4-ferrite\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u2192 khu v\u1ef1c quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ec5 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m h\u01a1n n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i [BSSA; ASSDA].<\/p>\n<p>Tham s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (\u00b5r) c\u1ee7a austenitic 304 \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m: x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 1.02\u20131.1; sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2\u201310.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic\/martensitic: \u00b5r c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n inox austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 3\u201310 FN (Ferrite Number) \u2192 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 [BSSA; Outokumpu].<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-phan-ung-voi-nam-cham-theo-homac-inox-pho-bien\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m theo h\u1ecd\/m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>Austenitic (SUS\/AISI 304, 304L, 316\/316L, 310S, 321)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7: g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau gia c\u00f4ng: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi 201\/304 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i\/ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304\/316: th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n do \u03b4-ferrite.<\/p>\n<h3>Ferritic (409, 430, 439, 441)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lu\u00f4n h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m do n\u1ec1n ferrite BCC; kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn b\u1edfi Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304 nh\u01b0ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>Martensitic (410, 420, 431)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i ram \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ee5c, dao, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Duplex (2205, 2507)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u00e9p ferrite + austenite \u2192 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t cao, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t 316\/316L.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: BSSA \u201cWhich stainless steels are magnetic?\u201d, ASSDA \u201cMagnetic Response of Stainless Steel\u201d, Outokumpu \u201cMagnetic properties of stainless steel\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-vi-sao-304316-doi-khi-van-hut-nam-cham\">V\u00ec sao 304\/316 \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn \u201ch\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i: C\u00e1n, d\u1eadp, u\u1ed1n m\u00e9p, k\u00e9o d\u00e2y\u2026 g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh \u2192 austenite chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sang martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2192 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m t\u0103ng theo m\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. M\u00e9p c\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5n g\u1ea5p l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 h\u00fat nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: Kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u03b4-ferrite 3\u201310 FN \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u2192 v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u201ch\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: 201 (Cr\u2013Mn\u2013Ni th\u1ea5p, N cao) d\u1ec5 h\u00fat h\u01a1n 304 sau gia c\u00f4ng; 304 c\u00f3 Ni th\u1ea5p \u1edf r\u00eca chu\u1ea9n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ~8.0%) c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 304 c\u00f3 Ni cao h\u01a1n (~9\u201310%).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-inox-chuan-thi-khong-hut-nam-cham-hieu-dung-de-cho\">\u201cInox chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d \u2013 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cph\u00e1n\u201d inox t\u1ed1t\/x\u1ea5u. T\u1eeb t\u00ednh KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr, Mo, N v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L (kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt h\u00fat): ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205 (h\u00fat): ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t 316 trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 (h\u00fat): ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304 d\u00f9 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\nK\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: H\u00fat hay kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u201cchu\u1ea9n \u2013 k\u00e9m\u201d; ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t [BSSA; ASSDA; Outokumpu].<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-thuc-te-khi-nao-uu-tien-khong-hut-khi-nao\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: khi n\u00e0o \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d, khi n\u00e0o \u201cc\u00f3 h\u00fat\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p (austenitic 304\/316, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ee7\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng chu\u1ea9n):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u1ecf t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ebfp cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\/\u01b0u ti\u00ean (ferritic, martensitic, duplex):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, thang m\u00e1y (430\/439) n\u01a1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u1ee5c, dao, bul\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng (410\/420\/431).<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u2013 b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (2205) c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-tra-dung-cach-dung-chi-dung-moi-nam-cham\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch: \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i nam ch\u00e2m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cs\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh\u201d:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\/\u00edt h\u00fat: c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 austenitic 304\/316 (ho\u1eb7c 201), nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 ferritic (430) ho\u1eb7c martensitic (410\/420).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e2ng cao (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay: \u0111o nhanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr\u2013Ni\u2013Mo\u2013Mn\u2013N (gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp) \u2192 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304\/316\/430 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; FerriteScope\/\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 FN: \u0111o %\u03b4-ferrite v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n austenitic.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m\/gaussmeter: \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m: MTC (Mill Test Certificate) theo ASTM A240\/A480 cho t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n; ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c \u201ch\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1eed tay\u201d thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u1eed nhanh 316 vs 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo (moly-drop), nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean XRF v\u00e0 MTC \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n\/\u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-xu-ly-hien-tuong-hut-nam-cham-ngoai-y-muon\">X\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/316 b\u1ecb h\u00fat sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3: \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch (solution anneal) ~1050\u20131100\u00b0C v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c austenite \u2192 gi\u1ea3m\/lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh do martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng khi chi ti\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp xong: kh\u1eed t\u1eeb (demagnetize) b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng AC ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb d\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ferromagnetic n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ferritic\/martensitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic\/martensitic\/duplex: b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn h\u00fat; kh\u1eed t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb d\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-thuc-te-thi-truong-viet-nam-phan-biet-201-304-430\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201 \u2013 304 \u2013 430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn+N cao \u2192 gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 304, d\u1ec5 h\u00fat sau gia c\u00f4ng; ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: chu\u1ea9n \u201c18-8\u201d, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 \u0111a d\u1ee5ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u1edf m\u00e9p c\u1eaft\/u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: r\u1ebb, trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ck\u1ebft t\u1ed9i\u201d 304 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra XRF\/MTC, quan s\u00e1t v\u00f9ng gia c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u2013 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ASTM A240 TP304\/2B, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p MTC, ki\u1ec3m XRF ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>304 c\u00f3 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 nhanh h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c 304 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 do gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i\/h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m Cr hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<h3>Bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc 304 th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9; 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7. C\u1ea7n XRF\/MTC \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ec sao m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 316 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<\/h3>\n<p>Kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n austenitic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u03b4-ferrite nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, n\u00ean v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng theo th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n [ASSDA; BSSA].<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan-cau-tra-loi-ngan-gon-chon-mac-theo-moi-tr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u2013 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eebng \u201cch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox do vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; ferritic, martensitic v\u00e0 duplex h\u00fat. Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn 304\/316 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u2013 v\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng XRF\/MTC.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a 304\/316 sau gia c\u00f4ng, xem x\u00e9t \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch; v\u1edbi ferritic\/martensitic, kh\u1eed t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb d\u01b0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA), Which stainless steels are magnetic? https:\/\/bssa.org.uk\/bssa_articles\/which-stainless-steels-are-magnetic\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Australian Stainless Steel Development Association (ASSDA), Magnetic Response of Stainless Steel: https:\/\/www.assda.asn.au\/technical-info\/faq-s\/620-magnetic-response-of-stainless-steel<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu, Magnetic properties of stainless steel: https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com\/en\/what-we-do\/about-stainless-steel\/magnetic-properties<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat, ferritic\/martensitic v\u00e0 duplex h\u00fat; gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m 304 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1058,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1998"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1998\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}