{"id":2014,"date":"2026-05-14T00:34:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T17:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-la-gi-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-va-ly-do-pho-bien-nhat-2\/"},"modified":"2026-05-14T00:34:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T17:34:39","slug":"inox-304-la-gi-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-va-ly-do-pho-bien-nhat-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-la-gi-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-va-ly-do-pho-bien-nhat-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd do ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-dinh-nghia-danh-phap-va-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a inox 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vi-cau-truc\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tinh-chat-co-hoc-vat-ly-va-chong-an-mon\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tai-sao-inox-304-la-mac-pho-bien-nhat-the-gioi\">T\u1ea1i sao inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-304-304l-304h-khac-nhau-the-nao-va-khi-nao-dung\">304, 304L, 304H: kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-khi-nao-khong-nen-dung-304-va-nen-thay-bang-gi\">Khi n\u00e0o KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 304 v\u00e0 n\u00ean thay b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-quy-cach-san-pham-va-tieu-chi-lua-chon\">Quy c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-huong-dan-han-gia-cong-va-bao-tri-cho-xuong\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nhan-biet-va-kiem-tra-vat-lieu\">Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-gia-ca-va-yeu-to-anh-huong\">Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8) l\u00e0 m\u00e1c austenitic ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1edd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, so s\u00e1nh 304\/304L\/316, c\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o thi c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-dinh-nghia-danh-phap-va-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a inox 304<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ean g\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Stainless Steel 304, UNS S30400; phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u00edt cacbon 304L (UNS S30403) v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao 304H (UNS S30409).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: EN 1.4301 (304), EN 1.4307 (304L), JIS SUS304, GB 06Cr19Ni10 ho\u1eb7c 0Cr18Ni9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240\/A480; EN 10088-2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac: ASTM A312\/A358; EN 10217-7.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thanh, c\u00e2y: ASTM A276\/A479; EN 10088-3.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng cung c\u1ea5p: cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m 2B, BA, No.4\/HL, No.8; \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n; thanh tr\u00f2n, V, U; ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vi-cau-truc\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (ASTM A240):<br \/>\n  &#8211; C \u2264 0.08% (304), \u2264 0.03% (304L); Mn \u2264 2.0%; Si \u2264 1.0%; P \u2264 0.045%; S \u2264 0.03%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr 18.0\u201320.0%; Ni 8.0\u201310.5%; N \u2264 0.10%; Fe l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: austenitic (m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i FCC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1edd Ni v\u00e0 N, cho \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. 304 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tinh-chat-co-hoc-vat-ly-va-chong-an-mon\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m (tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM\/EN)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y Rp0.2 \u2265 205 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o Rm \u2265 515 MPa (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 520\u2013750 MPa t\u00f9y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i A50 \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ~ 150\u2013190 HV (kho\u1ea3ng \u2264 200 HB) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a b\u1ec1n ngu\u1ed9i: \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh sau c\u00e1n\/l\u1ed1c\/u\u1ed1n; c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00f2 xo h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang: ~8.0 g\/cm\u00b3.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i: ~193 GPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (20\u2013100\u00b0C): ~17.3 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (100\u00b0C): ~16 W\/m\u00b7K (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t (20\u00b0C): ~0.72 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i do martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n\/\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN 304 kho\u1ea3ng 18\u201319; th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316 (PREN ~24), v\u00ec 304 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec1u axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9, axit nitric lo\u00e3ng; k\u00e9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi clorua cao, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit halogen m\u1ea1nh, H2S.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/\u0111i\u1ec3m (pitting\/crevice): r\u1ee7i ro t\u0103ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, h\u01a1i bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316\/316L khi Cl\u2212 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 30\u201350\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do clorua: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf > ~60\u00b0C; c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit (sensitization) 450\u2013850\u00b0C: 304L \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t; x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau h\u00e0n gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tai-sao-inox-304-la-mac-pho-bien-nhat-the-gioi\">T\u1ea1i sao inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?<\/h2>\n<p>1) C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh: Cr 18% + Ni ~8% \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi bi\u1ec3n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u00e1c c\u00f3 Mo nh\u01b0 316.<br \/>\n2) D\u1ec5 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng: t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, u\u1ed1n\u2013k\u00e9o\u2013d\u1eadp s\u00e2u t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p cho ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n3) \u0110a d\u1ee5ng: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, y t\u1ebf, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n4) Ngu\u1ed3n cung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o: chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (ASTM\/EN\/JIS), k\u00edch c\u1ee1\u2013b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n5) An to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m khi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n6) \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t: ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a t\u1edbi ~870\u00b0C (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 ~925\u00b0C (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n) trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n7) T\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (2B, BA, No.4, HL, g\u01b0\u01a1ng No.8), gi\u1eef b\u00f3ng l\u00e2u khi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n8) B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng: 100% t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u cao trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-304-304l-304h-khac-nhau-the-nao-va-khi-nao-dung\">304, 304L, 304H: kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 (S30400): C \u2264 0.08%. D\u00f9ng chung cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L (S30403): C \u2264 0.03%. Chuy\u00ean cho h\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbn, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nh\u1ea1y \u0103n m\u00f2n), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed3n \u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng; gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H (S30409): C 0.04\u20130.10% t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; d\u00f9ng cho 500\u2013750\u00b0C trong l\u00f2, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i; kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eaft khe sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Filler h\u00e0n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: ER308\/ER308L (GTAW\/GMAW), E308\/E308L (SMAW\/FCAW). Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, che kh\u00ed m\u1eb7t sau (back purging) cho \u1ed1ng, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ASTM A380\/A967 sau khi h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-khi-nao-khong-nen-dung-304-va-nen-thay-bang-gi\">Khi n\u00e0o KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 304 v\u00e0 n\u00ean thay b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua cao (ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, CIP ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212): \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316\/316L (2\u20132.5% Mo), 2205 duplex ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau austenitic khi r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit m\u1ea1nh (HCl, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao): c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L, 904L, 254SMO ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim Ni cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 500\u00b0C c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: d\u00f9ng 304H, 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb) ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u1ea5p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 430 (ferritic) nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh thay th\u1ebf 304 b\u1eb1ng 201\/202 \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\u2013mu\u1ed1i: 201\/202 d\u00f9ng Mn\u2013N thay Ni, d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 g\u1ec9 (tea staining) ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, s\u1eefa: b\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, b\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c, t\u1ee7 k\u1ec7, m\u00e1y chi\u1ebft r\u00f3t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u2013n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t: lan can, thang, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, bi\u1ec3n b\u1ea3ng, c\u1eeda inox, \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc: b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a, \u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 kh\u00ed\u2013\u00f4t\u00f4\u2013\u0111i\u1ec7n: v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, bu l\u00f4ng\u2013\u1ed1c v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c), thang c\u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2013y t\u1ebf\u2013ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch: b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, gi\u00e1 k\u1ec7, xe \u0111\u1ea9y, b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda.<br \/>\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam: khu ven bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Trung\/mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i, n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316 cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ed1 n\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-quy-cach-san-pham-va-tieu-chi-lua-chon\">Quy c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/size ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: 0.5\u201350 mm; kh\u1ed5 1000\/1219\/1500 mm; chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 2000\u20136000 mm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng tr\u00f2n: \u03a612\u2013\u03a6508; \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p: 10\u00d710 \u0111\u1ebfn 200\u00d7200; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0.6\u20136.0 mm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thanh tr\u00f2n: \u03a66\u2013\u03a6200; h\u00ecnh V\/U theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2B: m\u1edd ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho gia c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp; BA: b\u00f3ng s\u00e1ng; No.4\/HL: s\u1ecdc hairline; No.8: g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ecdn nhanh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4\/\u1ea9m nh\u1eb9: 304 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/No.4 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (xa bi\u1ec3n): 304 No.4\/HL + v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t clorua: 316\/316L ho\u1eb7c 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cao + b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y > 6 mm: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-huong-dan-han-gia-cong-va-bao-tri-cho-xuong\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c: t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n dao, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft, d\u00f9ng dao s\u1eafc ph\u1ee7 TiAlN\/M42, dung d\u1ecbch tr\u01a1n ngu\u1ed9i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; U\u1ed1n\u2013d\u1eadp: b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n trong \u2265 1.0\u20131.5 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t; \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n; ch\u1ec9 \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m 1010\u20131065\u00b0C r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u\u2013b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft, khe h\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2y\/que 308L cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p; FN (ferrite number) trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 3\u201310 gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng gel\/paste axit theo ASTM A380\/A967; r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1ec7 sinh\u2013b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh; tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212\/Javel.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n: x\u1ecbt r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ed1 n\u00e2u (tea staining); electropolishing gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ed5i c\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m chuy\u00ean inox; t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon; che ch\u1eafn tia l\u1eeda m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nhan-biet-va-kiem-tra-vat-lieu\">Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: 304 \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed Moly (thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo): d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u2192 316; \u00e2m t\u00ednh \u2192 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 304\/201\/430, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI (XRF\/OES) t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Mill Test Certificate theo ASTM\/EN l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-gia-ca-va-yeu-to-anh-huong\">Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo gi\u00e1 Nickel\/Chromium to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 316 kho\u1ea3ng 15\u201330% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m; cao h\u01a1n 201\/430 nh\u01b0ng cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A480 \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088-1\/2\/3 \u2013 Stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook &#038; grade data for 1.4301\/1.4307: https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM Materials, Stainless Steel 304 (UNS S30400) Datasheet: https:\/\/www.azom.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, Guidelines for selection and use of stainless steels: https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASSDA\/BSSA technical notes on 304\/304L corrosion and fabrication: https:\/\/www.assda.asn.au, https:\/\/bssa.org.uk<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 304 l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0ng\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111a d\u1ee5ng: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n 18\/8 cho ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ch\u1ecdn 304L khi h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0y; chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean 316\/duplex khi c\u00f3 clorua cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n (t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, h\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n b\u00e1o gi\u00e1, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch inox 304: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n 18\/8, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e0n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, so s\u00e1nh 304\/304L\/316 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2014"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2014\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}