{"id":2018,"date":"2026-05-15T00:34:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T17:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-giai-phap-chong-an-mon-toi-uu-cho-bien-va-hoa-chat-2\/"},"modified":"2026-05-15T00:34:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T17:34:02","slug":"inox-316-316l-giai-phap-chong-an-mon-toi-uu-cho-bien-va-hoa-chat-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-giai-phap-chong-an-mon-toi-uu-cho-bien-va-hoa-chat-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 316\/316L: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-khi-nao-nen-chon-316316l\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn 316\/316L?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thanh-phan-ky-hieu-va-tieu-chuan\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-co-che-chong-an-mon-vuot-troi-vai-tro-cua-mo-va-pr\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mo v\u00e0 PREN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-kha-nang-chiu-hoa-chat-huong-dan-thuc-te\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-316316l-voi-cac-mac-pho-bien\">So s\u00e1nh 316\/316L v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-tinh-chat-co-hoc-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-gia-cong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-be-mat-va-xu-ly-sau-gia-cong-chia-khoa-tang-tuoi-t\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau gia c\u00f4ng: ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a t\u0103ng \u201ctu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ed7\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-huong-dan-chon-vat-lieu-va-thiet-ke-cho-bienhoa-ch\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-quy-cach-cung-cap-va-kiem-dinh-chat-luong\">Quy c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-gia-va-luu-y-mua-hang-tai-viet-nam\">Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 316\/316L l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic ch\u1ee9a molypden (Mo) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a clorua, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u201cv\u00ec sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckhi n\u00e0o\u201d n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn 316\/316L, c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-khi-nao-nen-chon-316316l\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn 316\/316L?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a clorua: ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (acetic), phosphoric, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ion Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf: bulong-kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, khe gio\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: axit hydrochloric (HCl), hypochlorite\/Cl2, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m-t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng khi ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thanh-phan-ky-hieu-va-tieu-chuan\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM A240, A312; c\u00f3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y l\u00f4\/nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t):<br \/>\n  + Cr 16.0\u201318.0%, Ni 10.0\u201314.0%, Mo 2.0\u20133.0% (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a\u201d t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7), Mn \u22642%, Si \u22641%, N \u22640.10%.<br \/>\n  + C t\u1ed1i \u0111a: 316 \u22640.08%; 316L \u22640.03% (L = Low Carbon).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  + UNS S31600 (316), S31603 (316L); EN 1.4401 (316), 1.4404 (316L); JIS SUS316\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  + T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac: ASTM A312; \u1ed0ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: ASTM A213\/A269; Thanh: ASTM A276; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch: ASTM A182.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-co-che-chong-an-mon-vuot-troi-vai-tro-cua-mo-va-pr\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mo v\u00e0 PREN<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e0u Cr2O3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 inox. Molypden t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed7 trong ion Cl-. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) gi\u00fap \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7:<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 304 c\u00f3 PREN \u2248 18\u201319; 316\/316L \u2248 24\u201326. Con s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong clorua.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u1ed7 (pitting) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316\/316L c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed7 (CPT) cao h\u01a1n 304 kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201320\u00b0C trong dung d\u1ecbch clorua, n\u00ean b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: v\u00f9ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf (d\u01b0\u1edbi gio\u0103ng, c\u1ed5 bulong) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed7 n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecdng t\u00f9. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n khe h\u1edf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do clorua (SCC)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; SCC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf th\u00e9p austenitic khi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 clorua, k\u00e9o d\u01b0 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng >60\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 (\u1ee7 sau gia c\u00f4ng khi c\u1ea7n), ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, xem x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec3n sang duplex 2205 n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi: v\u00ec sao ch\u1ecdn 316L khi h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n\/nung 450\u2013850\u00b0C, cacbit Cr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (sensitization).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L (C \u22640.03%) gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, n\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 \u1ee7 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a 316\/316L<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho HCl (m\u1ecdi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9), dung d\u1ecbch hypochlorite (NaOCl), clo\/thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y \u2013 \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: 316\/316L d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf; n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205, 904L ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau austenitic n\u1ebfu ng\u00e2m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong nitric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, 304 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9-nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-kha-nang-chiu-hoa-chat-huong-dan-thuc-te\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n: 316\/316L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho lan can, \u1ed1p, bulong ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, b\u1ed3n \u2013 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit sulfuric (H2SO4): b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u00e3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u226420%) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p; t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhanh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit acetic, axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1: 316\/316L th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit phosphoric: d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Caustic (NaOH, KOH): nh\u00ecn chung b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nitric (HNO3): b\u1ec1n trong trung b\u00ecnh \u2013 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i; so v\u1edbi 304, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hypochlorite\/chlorine\/b\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng: tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng 316\/316L \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/ nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t li\u1ec1u clo, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Lu\u00f4n tham kh\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-316316l-voi-cac-mac-pho-bien\">So s\u00e1nh 316\/316L v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; So v\u1edbi 304\/304L: 316\/316L ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1edd Mo; chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1 Mo).<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi 201: 316\/316L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua; 201 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi duplex 2205: 2205 c\u00f3 PREN ~34\u201335, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7, k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; tuy nhi\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng-h\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi 904L\/si\u00eau austenitic: th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c axit h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-tinh-chat-co-hoc-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-gia-cong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y ~205 MPa, b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o ~515 MPa, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e3n d\u00e0i ~40%, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2264217 HB; \u0111\u1ed9 dai r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 870\u00b0C (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n); 316H d\u00f9ng cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e3o; 316L c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e3o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nung s\u01a1 b\u1ed9; d\u00f9ng que\/kim ER\/E316L; sau h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee6 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean: 1010\u20131120\u00b0C, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tinh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-be-mat-va-xu-ly-sau-gia-cong-chia-khoa-tang-tuoi-t\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau gia c\u00f4ng: ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a t\u0103ng \u201ctu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ed7\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn: 2B\/BA, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng No.4 tr\u1edf l\u00ean; t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u00f3ng (electropolish) cho chi ti\u1ebft ph\u01a1i bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh sau h\u00e0n, m\u00e0i, c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng paste ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3n t\u1ea9y (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nitric\u2013hydrofluoric ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch citric theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 carbon steel; d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\/nh\u00e1m chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho inox.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can, \u1ed1p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, bulong ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n (H\u1ea1 Long, C\u00e1t B\u00e0, Nha Trang), c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u2013 l\u1ee3, RO\/UF, b\u1ed3n \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng CIP trong F&#038;B g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: b\u1ed3n, \u1ed1ng, van ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1\/phosphoric, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L cho v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh cao.<\/p>\n<p>Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba: v\u1edbi 304 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, r\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 khe \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc; chuy\u1ec3n sang 316L, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-huong-dan-chon-vat-lieu-va-thiet-ke-cho-bienhoa-ch\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cl-, pH, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f3 clo\/hypochlorite hay kh\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n2) \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n hay ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n3) Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c: 316L cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3n \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng; n\u1ebfu ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205\/904L.<br \/>\n4) Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: m\u1ecbn, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u00f3ng cho khu v\u1ef1c phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n5) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gio\u0103ng\/\u0111\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n6) B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt; ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u2013 bulong; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch mu\u1ed1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-quy-cach-cung-cap-va-kiem-dinh-chat-luong\">Quy c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng: t\u1ea5m\/ cu\u1ed9n (No.1, 2B, BA), \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac, h\u1ed9p, thanh tr\u00f2n \u2013 V \u2013 L, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n (co, t\u00ea, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTR\/CO-CQ; ki\u1ec3m tra PMI (XRF) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Mo ~2\u20133%; th\u1eed moly spot test t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n\/que h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 316L; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau l\u1eafp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-gia-va-luu-y-mua-hang-tai-viet-nam\">Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316\/316L th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 304\/304L do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Mo; gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p kim (alloy surcharge).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u201cgi\u1ea3 316\u201d: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Mo th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316 v\u00e0 316L kh\u00e1c g\u00ec? 316L c\u00f3 C \u22640.03% kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau h\u00e0n; c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ed1t cho kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7n; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m \u2013 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y clo \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh 316L \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb; \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook, Edition 2013 v\u00e0 datasheet 316\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA (International Molybdenum Association): Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Stainless Steel; 316\/316L in chloride environments.<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels: Grade 316\/316L data.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Various Environments.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\nInox 316\/316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 clorua ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1edd Mo 2\u20133% n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf so v\u1edbi 304. Tuy nhi\u00ean, 316\/316L kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cmi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m\u201d trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh HCl, hypochlorite\/clo v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m \u2013 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c (\u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau gia c\u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 nhanh c\u00e1c quy c\u00e1ch 316\/316L? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh: Hotline 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00ec sao inox 316\/316L ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ecdn mua.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2018"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}