{"id":2022,"date":"2026-05-16T00:34:01","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T17:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-inox-304-vai-tro-quyet-dinh-cua-niken-va-crom\/"},"modified":"2026-05-16T00:34:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T17:34:01","slug":"thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-inox-304-vai-tro-quyet-dinh-cua-niken-va-crom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-inox-304-vai-tro-quyet-dinh-cua-niken-va-crom\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Inox 304: Vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Niken v\u00e0 Crom"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304304l\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304\/304L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-crom-cr-nen-tang-chong-an-mon-va-chiu-nhiet\">Crom (Cr): N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-niken-ni-on-dinh-austenit-tang-deo-dai-va-tinh-gia\">Niken (Ni): \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 t\u00ednh gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-ti-le-crni-toi-uu-trong-thuc-te-gia-cong\">T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Ni t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-304-hay-304l-vai-tro-cua-c-canh-cr-va-ni\">304 hay 304L? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a C c\u1ea1nh Cr v\u00e0 Ni<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-cac-mac-lan-can-de-thay-vai-tro-\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 Ni\u2013Cr<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tac-dong-khi-han-nhiet-va-xu-ly-be-mat\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng khi h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ung-dung-va-goi-y-chon-theo-moi-truong\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-kiem-tra-va-xac-nhan-thanh-phan-de-tranh-mua-sai-m\">Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh mua sai m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-cac-cau-hoi-ky-thuat-thuong-gap\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c austenit kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u201c18\/8\u201d v\u1edbi Crom (Cr) v\u00e0 Niken (Ni) gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Inox 304 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00ec sao Cr v\u00e0 Ni \u201cquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1c th\u00e9p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304304l\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304\/304L<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu: ASTM A240\/A240M (M\u1ef9), EN 10088-1 (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), JIS G4304\/G4305 (Nh\u1eadt). T\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: AISI 304 (EN 1.4301), 304L (EN 1.4307), SUS304.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Crom (Cr): 18,0\u201320,0%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Niken (Ni): 8,0\u201310,5% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 304; 8,0\u201312,0% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 304L<br \/>\n  &#8211; Carbon (C): \u2264 0,08% (304); \u2264 0,03% (304L)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Mangan (Mn): \u2264 2,0%; Silic (Si): \u2264 1,0% (ASTM m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi \u2264 0,75%)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Photpho (P): \u2264 0,045%; L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S): \u2264 0,030%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nit\u01a1 (N): \u2264 0,10%<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (t\u1ea5m\/coil \u1ee7): Rp0,2 \u2265 205 MPa; Rm \u2248 515\u2013720 MPa; A50 \u2265 40%; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2264 201 HB (ho\u1eb7c ~92 HRB).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-crom-cr-nen-tang-chong-an-mon-va-chiu-nhiet\">Crom (Cr): N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 \u2013 \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn\u201d t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ngay t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kho\u1ea3ng 10,5% Cr, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh khi b\u1ecb x\u01b0\u1edbc. Inox 304 c\u00f3 18\u201320% Cr n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p m\u1ea1.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec1u axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (quy m\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ~870\u00b0C gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n). <\/p>\n<h3>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Cr t\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd, r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) \u2248 %Cr + 3,3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N. V\u1edbi 304 (Cr ~18\u201320, Mo ~0, N \u0111\u1ebfn 0,1), PREN \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ~18\u201320. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao 304 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y\/kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi 316 (Cr ~16\u201318, Mo 2\u20132,5, N ~0,05), PREN 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2265 24 => \u01b0u th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Cr l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ferit \u2013 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Ni<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Crom l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ferit (pha BCC). N\u1ebfu Cr t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 Ni, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ferit ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed martensit sau bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. Trong 304, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Cr\/Ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec austenit (FCC) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-niken-ni-on-dinh-austenit-tang-deo-dai-va-tinh-gia\">Niken (Ni): \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 t\u00ednh gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<h3>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit v\u00e0 t\u00ednh phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ni l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00fap 304 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac FCC \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau \u1ee7 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i do martensit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1edd austenit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, 304 c\u00f3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, k\u00e9o\/d\u1eadp s\u00e2u t\u1ed1t, \u00edt n\u1ee9t khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (cryogenic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau h\u00e0n (gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferit ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t).<\/p>\n<h3>Ni v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cr quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n Ni c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung d\u1ecbch axit sulfuric lo\u00e3ng) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong ion Cl\u2212 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u00edt Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L cho d\u1ea3i Ni r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (8\u201312%) \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec austenit khi h\u1ea1 C xu\u1ed1ng 0,03% (ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-ti-le-crni-toi-uu-trong-thuc-te-gia-cong\">T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Ni t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u201c18\/8\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (Cr ~18%, Ni ~8%) b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m austenit v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u0103ng Ni l\u00ean v\u00f9ng 9,5\u201310,5% gi\u00fap d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1eef Cr g\u1ea7n 18,5\u201319,5% n\u00e2ng nh\u1eb9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00edch ferit kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n (que\/d\u00e2y), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 ~3\u201310 FN (Ferrite Number), gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Schaeffler\/DeLong (Cr_eq v\u00e0 Ni_eq).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-304-hay-304l-vai-tro-cua-c-canh-cr-va-ni\">304 hay 304L? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a C c\u1ea1nh Cr v\u00e0 Ni<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L (C \u2264 0,03%) gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea1o cacbit Cr23C6 t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t khi h\u00e0n (500\u2013800\u00b0C), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i dung d\u1ecbch sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 (C \u2264 0,08%) th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau c\u00f9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp s\u00e2u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cao: ch\u1ecdn 304\/304L v\u1edbi Ni \u1edf n\u1eeda tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-cac-mac-lan-can-de-thay-vai-tro-\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 Ni\u2013Cr<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201 (Cr ~16\u201318, Ni ~3,5\u20135,5, Mn+N cao):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thay Ni b\u1eb1ng Mn\/N => gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304, d\u1ec5 g\u1ec9 r\u1ed7 \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n; gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng nhanh, d\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 (Cr ~16\u201318, Ni ~10\u201314, Mo 2\u20132,5):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u1edd Mo, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; ch\u1ecdn cho ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n, d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (Cr ~16\u201318, Ni ~0):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferrit, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tac-dong-khi-han-nhiet-va-xu-ly-be-mat\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng khi h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n \u1edf 500\u2013800\u00b0C do k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr23C6, g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng 304L; ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a Ti\/Nb nh\u01b0 321\/347; ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch + l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferit h\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (pickling\u2013passivation) b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (nitric\/citric) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i oxit h\u00e0n, s\u1eaft ngo\u1ea1i lai, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng cho b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ung-dung-va-goi-y-chon-theo-moi-truong\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y\/\u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng\/th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: 304\/304L \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t; \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (BA\/2B) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n chloride cao: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316. Quy t\u1eafc kinh nghi\u1ec7m: 304 d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 khi Cl\u2212 \u2273 200 ppm \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; 316 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u2248 1.000 ppm (t\u00f9y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, pH, k\u1ebd h\u1edf).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 (axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 lo\u00e3ng, ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9): 304 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; v\u1edbi axit kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c chloride n\u00f3ng => c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng trang tr\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m 304\/304L c\u00f3 Ni \u1edf bi\u00ean tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 MTR.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-kiem-tra-va-xac-nhan-thanh-phan-de-tranh-mua-sai-m\">Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh mua sai m\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTR\/MTC (Mill Test Certificate) theo l\u00f4, n\u00eau r\u00f5 %Cr, %Ni, %C, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI\/XRF t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh Cr\/Ni v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o: 304 \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 201 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u00fa \u00fd ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean trong d\u1ea3i Cr\/Ni \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 t\u1edbi gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-cac-cau-hoi-ky-thuat-thuong-gap\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304 c\u00f3 g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, n\u1ebfu m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 trong chloride cao\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb? 304 \u1ee7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; sau c\u00e1n\/d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb do martensit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u1ee6 dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao 304L c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i Ni r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n? \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec austenit v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh khi gi\u1ea3m C xu\u1ed1ng 0,03% nh\u1eb1m kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088-1 \u2013 Stainless steels \u2013 Part 1: List of stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Austenitic Stainless Steels: https:\/\/www.nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t).<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA \u2013 Pitting Resistance Equivalent (PREN): https:\/\/www.imoa.info<br \/>\n&#8211; Cleveland-Cliffs (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y AK Steel) 304\/304L Stainless Steel Data Sheet.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Crom 18\u201320% t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201cn\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng\u201d ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a cho Inox 304 nh\u1edd m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Niken 8\u201310,5% (304) v\u00e0 8\u201312% (304L) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ebbo dai, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Cr\/Ni l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a: ch\u1ecdn Ni \u1edf bi\u00ean tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i cho d\u1eadp s\u00e2u\/phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; d\u00f9ng 304L khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; chuy\u1ec3n sang 316 khi c\u00f3 chloride cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng MTR v\u00e0 PMI, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a 304.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Inox 304: Cr 18\u201320% v\u00e0 Ni 8\u201310,5% (304)\/8\u201312% (304L) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh; g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2022"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2022\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}