{"id":2033,"date":"2026-05-18T12:33:52","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T05:33:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-va-thu-nghiem-don-gian\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T12:33:52","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T05:33:52","slug":"phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-va-thu-nghiem-don-gian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-va-thu-nghiem-don-gian\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox 201, 304, 316, 430 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-nhom-inox-va-dau-hieu-nhan-dang\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: nh\u00f3m inox v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-bo-kit-thu-nhanh-nen-co-tai-xuongcong-truong\">B\u1ed9 \u201ckit\u201d th\u1eed nhanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-6-buoc-phan-biet-tai-cho-cay-quyet-dinh\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-cach-nhan-biet-tung-mac-pho-bien\">C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1eebng m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-huong-dan-chi-tiet-tung-phep-thu\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-theo-ket-qua-thu-tom-tat\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed (t\u00f3m t\u1eaft)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-nhung-sai-lam-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-khi-nao-can-thu-nghiem-nang-cao\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ung-dung-goi-y-theo-mac\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ecdn sai m\u00e1c inox c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nhanh \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed7 pitting ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng s\u1edbm. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng (201, 304, 316, 430 v\u00e0 410\/420) b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-nhom-inox-va-dau-hieu-nhan-dang\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: nh\u00f3m inox v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Austenitic (201, 304, 316)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 (nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9), d\u1ebbo, h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao \u2192 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304; d\u1ec5 \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: Chu\u1ea9n \u201c\u0111a d\u1ee5ng\u201d, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: C\u00f3 Mo (~2%) \u2192 ch\u1ed1ng clorua v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, d\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<h3>Ferritic (430)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb r\u00f5 (nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh), ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, \u00edt n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, ch\u1ee5p h\u00fat b\u1ebfp; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Martensitic (410\/420)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng; c\u1ee9ng gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 430.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Dao k\u00e9o, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-bo-kit-thu-nhanh-nen-co-tai-xuongcong-truong\">B\u1ed9 \u201ckit\u201d th\u1eed nhanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m neodymium nh\u1ecf (\u0111\u1ed9 h\u00fat \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m m\u1ecbn (P400\u2013P600) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i NaCl 5% (gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed9 test Molybdenum (Moly drop) th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat theo ASTM (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 kit th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1y m\u00e0i\/b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed tia l\u1eeda, k\u00ednh che m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u0103ng tay.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u0169a th\u00e9p t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u0103n s\u1ea1ch\/ethanol \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, b\u00fat l\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n: D\u00f9ng g\u0103ng, k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9; n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m \u1edf n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 kit.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-6-buoc-phan-biet-tai-cho-cay-quyet-dinh\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/h2>\n<p>1) Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea5u, tem, MTC<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ecm d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i \u201c304\/304L\u201d, \u201c316\/316L\u201d, \u201c430\u201d, v.v. tr\u00ean m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eadp m\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng sai.<\/p>\n<p>2) Quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng: ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. M\u00e9p c\u1eaft plasma\/oxy c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng hay x\u1ec9 \u0111en; inox c\u1eaft laser th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e9p s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t c\u0169: 201\/430 d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 n\u00e2u s\u1edbm t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p\/\u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n khi \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>3) Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: nh\u00f3m austenitic (201\/304\/316). L\u01b0u \u00fd: 304\/316 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i (m\u00e9p, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t: 430 ho\u1eb7c 410\/420.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p: th\u1eed th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc 4\u20136.<\/p>\n<p>4) Th\u1eed tia l\u1eeda tr\u00ean m\u00e1y m\u00e0i (spark test)<br \/>\n&#8211; 300-series (201\/304\/316): tia ng\u1eafn, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf-cam, \u00edt t\u1ecfa ch\u00f9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 400-series (430\/410\/420): tia d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 300-series nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u00edt s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d, tia kh\u00e1 th\u1eb3ng, \u00edt ph\u00e1o hoa.<\/p>\n<p>5) Th\u1eed gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i 5% (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhanh ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7)<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed, nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt NaCl 5%, \u0111\u1ec3 24\u201372 gi\u1edd n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\/\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e2u s\u1edbm (24\u201348h).<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: hi\u1ebfm \u1ed1 trong 24\u201348h; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5m t\u1ea5m nh\u1eb9 sau 72h trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch sau 72h.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430\/410\/420: d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 nhanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft. D\u00f9ng so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n<p>6) Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tinh: test Mo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat<br \/>\n&#8211; Moly drop (nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 316): l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, c\u1ea1o nh\u1eb9, nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed; \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecf\/n\u00e2u) b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Mo \u2192 316. 304\/201 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3ng sunfat (ASTM A380\/A967): \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon; tr\u00ean th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e1m nhanh; inox \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 kit th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-cach-nhan-biet-tung-mac-pho-bien\">C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1eebng m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>Inox 201<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 (t\u0103ng khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 304 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat do Mn cao, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u00edt so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i: d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng trong 24\u201348h.<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Mo: \u00e2m t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, chi ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0. Tr\u00e1nh khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n\/\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u00e1n thay cho 304 v\u00ec b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 304\/304L<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\/\u00edt h\u00fat; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat \u1edf m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n\/c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: ng\u1eafn, \u00edt ch\u00f9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i: s\u1ea1ch 24\u201348h; 72h c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5m t\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Mo: \u00e2m t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, lan can ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 316\/316L<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i: r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch sau 72h.<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Mo: d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh (\u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u r\u00f5).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 430<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 300-series, c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i: \u1ed1 kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Mo: \u00e2m t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 410\/420<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u0169a: \u201ctr\u01b0\u1ee3t\u201d kh\u00f3 \u0103n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i; c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n 430\/304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tia l\u1eeda: thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tia th\u1eb3ng, \u00edt ph\u00e1o hoa; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u tia h\u01a1n 430 khi ch\u01b0a t\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i: \u1ed1 nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: dao k\u00e9o, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-huong-dan-chi-tiet-tung-phep-thu\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m neodymium nh\u1ecf, \u00e1p nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch\/kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m, m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n, v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i: kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u2192 nghi austenitic; h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh \u2192 nghi 430\/410\/420; h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u2192 304\/316 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed tia l\u1eeda (spark test)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf, quan s\u00e1t trong t\u1ed1i v\u1eeba.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n: che m\u1eb7t, g\u0103ng, tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cluy\u1ec7n m\u1eaft\u201d. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i 5%<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Pha 5 g mu\u1ed1i \u0103n trong 95 g n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, ch\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 P400, lau kh\u00f4, nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt, khoanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 24\u201372h, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh theo m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian. So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n No.4\/HL x\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u1ed1 nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Test Molybdenum (Moly drop)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 kit th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, c\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed, nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\/n\u00e2u trong v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c gi\u00e2y \u2192 c\u00f3 Mo (th\u01b0\u1eddng 316). Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u2192 201\/304\/430\/410\/420.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch sau th\u1eed, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed3ng sunfat (chu\u1ea9n ASTM) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon\/th\u00e9p m\u1ea1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00ean th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00e1m l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00ean inox \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: d\u00f9ng kit th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed d\u0169a (\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u0169a l\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ea1ch: n\u1ebfu d\u0169a \u201cc\u1eafn\u201d d\u1ec5 \u2192 austenitic\/ferritic m\u1ec1m; n\u1ebfu \u201ctr\u01b0\u1ee3t\u201d kh\u00f3 \u0103n \u2192 nghi martensitic (410\/420) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-theo-ket-qua-thu-tom-tat\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed (t\u00f3m t\u1eaft)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201: Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt h\u00fat; mu\u1ed1i \u1ed1 s\u1edbm; Mo \u00e2m; tia l\u1eeda h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt h\u00fat; mu\u1ed1i \u00edt \u1ed1 24\u201348h; Mo \u00e2m; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1eadp \u201c304\/304L\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: Nam ch\u00e2m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; mu\u1ed1i s\u1ea1ch 72h; Mo d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: Nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; mu\u1ed1i \u1ed1 nhanh; Mo \u00e2m; tia l\u1eeda d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 300-series.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420: Nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; d\u0169a kh\u00f3 \u0103n (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i); mu\u1ed1i \u1ed1 nhanh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-nhung-sai-lam-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nam ch\u00e2m: 304\/316 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau c\u00e1n\/u\u1ed1n; 201 \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat. Lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam 1\u20132 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n\/nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft: m\u1ea1t th\u00e9p cacbon b\u00e1m khi\u1ebfn inox 304\/316 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ed1. Lu\u00f4n t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tin v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u tin c\u1eady.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: ch\u1ecdn 201 cho ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd nhanh h\u1ecfng; n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 316.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-khi-nao-can-thu-nghiem-nang-cao\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t), ho\u1eb7c r\u1ee7i ro h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 cao: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u PMI\/XRF, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240\/JIS.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh cung c\u1ea5p MTC, truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ung-dung-goi-y-theo-mac\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo m\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: lan can, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9, chi ti\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y mu\u1ed1i\/th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, ch\u1ee5p h\u00fat b\u1ebfp.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420: dao k\u00e9o, tr\u1ee5c, bu l\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties; Magnetism in Stainless Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook (t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, so s\u00e1nh m\u00e1c).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Standard Practices for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts (ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASSDA (Australian Stainless Steel Development Association) \u2013 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn 304\/316 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 clorua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, h\u00e3y \u0111i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: ki\u1ec3m tem\/MTC \u2192 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2192 nam ch\u00e2m \u2192 tia l\u1eeda\/gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i \u2192 test Mo\/\u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng: 430\/410\/420 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh; 316 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Mo d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t; 201 d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 nhanh; 304 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d \u0111a d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2\u20133 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed. V\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh PMI\/XRF v\u00e0 MTC l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhanh t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox 201, 304, 316, 430 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, nam ch\u00e2m, tia l\u1eeda, gi\u1ecdt mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 test Mo. Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2033"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2033\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}