{"id":2042,"date":"2026-05-21T00:34:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lua-chon-inox-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-cot-loi\/"},"modified":"2026-05-21T00:34:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:34:11","slug":"lua-chon-inox-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-cot-loi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lua-chon-inox-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-cot-loi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn inox cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c: ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-1-co-tinh-quyet-dinh-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc\">1) C\u01a1 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-2-an-mon-anh-huong-truc-tiep-den-do-ben-su-dung\">2) \u0102n m\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-3-han-va-gia-cong-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc\">3) H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-4-cac-nhom-va-mac-inox-phu-hop-cho-ket-cau-chiu-lu\">4) C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-5-do-cungdo-vong-ben-khong-phai-la-tat-ca\">5) \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng: b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-6-tieu-chuan-san-pham-va-thiet-ke-can-biet\">6) Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-7-kha-dung-vat-tu-tai-viet-nam-va-goi-y-cau-hinh\">7) Kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-8-quy-trinh-lua-chon-theo-buoc\">8) Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-9-chi-phi-va-toi-uu-vong-doi\">9) Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-10-khuyen-nghi-nhanh-theo-ung-dung\">10) Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng inox \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c, khung b\u1ec7 m\u00e1y, d\u1ea7m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ven bi\u1ec3n\u2026 So v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon, inox cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ecdn sai m\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u2013 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00f5ng l\u1edbn, n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn inox cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-1-co-tinh-quyet-dinh-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc\">1) C\u01a1 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y 0,2% (Rp0.2): Tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n. Inox austenitic (304\/316) \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 170\u2013220 MPa; inox duplex 2205 \u0111\u1ea1t 450\u2013550 MPa; 17-4PH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 > 900 MPa khi h\u00f3a gi\u00e0.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (UTS): 304\/316 ~ 520\u2013620 MPa; 2205 ~ 650\u2013800 MPa; 17-4PH H900 ~ 1170\u20131310 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (E): G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, austenitic ~193 GPa; duplex\/ferritic ~200 GPa. L\u01b0u \u00fd: E c\u1ee7a inox th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon (~210 GPa), n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng t\u0103ng n\u1ebfu gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp (Charpy): Austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng dai t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p; martensitic\/PH cao b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng dai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ch\u00fa \u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u KCV trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c va \u0111\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n ngu\u1ed9i: Austenitic h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n nhanh khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho t\u1ea5m t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ecfi: Inox kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cgi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p carbon. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong S\u2013N v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, g\u1edd s\u1eafc, l\u1ed7 khoan.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: Tr\u00ean ~250\u2013300\u00b0C c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1n; austenitic gi\u1eef b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n ferritic\/martensitic. V\u1edbi t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00e3o (creep).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-2-an-mon-anh-huong-truc-tiep-den-do-ben-su-dung\">2) \u0102n m\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7: PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n  + 304\/304L: ~18\u201319, d\u00f9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, \u00edt chloride.<br \/>\n  + 316\/316L: ~24, d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n lo\u00e3ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i.<br \/>\n  + Duplex 2205: ~34\u201336, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ven bi\u1ec3n\/ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride (SCC): Austenitic nh\u1ea1y \u1edf >60\u00b0C; duplex ch\u1ed1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n khe\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1nh x\u1ec9 \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n gi\u00fap t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ly ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nhau tr\u00ean d\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-3-han-va-gia-cong-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc\">3) H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<h3>Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean m\u00e1c \u00edt carbon (304L\/316L) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft tinh \u2013 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: D\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n ER\/E 2209; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ferrite\u2013austenite (kho\u1ea3ng 30\u201370% ferrite trong kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH: Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a gi\u00e0 sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c b\u1ec1n; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 dai n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t austenitic cao (~16\u201317 \u00b5m\/m.K) khi\u1ebfn co ng\u00f3t l\u1edbn; duplex th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (~13 \u00b5m\/m.K) n\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, back purging khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (pickling &#038; passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0n: AWS D1.6 (Stainless Steel), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh WPS\/PQR, ki\u1ec3m tra VT, PT, RT\/UT theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-4-cac-nhom-va-mac-inox-phu-hop-cho-ket-cau-chiu-lu\">4) C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic 304\/304L: D\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, d\u1ec5 mua \u1edf VN; Rp0.2 ~ 170\u2013220 MPa. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khung nh\u1eb9, s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c t\u1ea3i v\u1eeba trong nh\u00e0, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch\/\u1ea9m nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Austenitic 316\/316L: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 304 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng chloride t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; d\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Austenitic 201: Gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304; tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 chloride\/axit; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ee5 trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205\/1.4462): Rp0.2 450\u2013550 MPa, PREN ~35; r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ec7 m\u00e1y, d\u1ea7m\/s\u00e0n t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y n\u1ebfu b\u00e0i to\u00e1n chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic 410\/420: C\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f3; ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng khi c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; PH 17-4 (AISI 630, UNS S17400): C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao sau h\u00f3a gi\u00e0 (H900 ~ 1000 MPa Rp0.2); c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ed1t tr\u1ee5c, g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic 430: Gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, h\u00e0n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-5-do-cungdo-vong-ben-khong-phai-la-tat-ca\">5) \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng: b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ec E c\u1ee7a inox h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1c, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb 304L sang 2205 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu b\u00e0i to\u00e1n b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng\/dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9ng 2205 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi b\u1ec1n (\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t), 2205 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m 25\u201350% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: D\u1ea7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4-men t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 nhau. V\u1edbi 304L (Rp0.2 \u2248 205 MPa) c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y t. Chuy\u1ec3n sang 2205 (Rp0.2 \u2248 450 MPa), b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 205\/450 \u2248 0,46 t n\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng, do E g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-6-tieu-chuan-san-pham-va-thiet-ke-can-biet\">6) Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  + T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240.<br \/>\n  + \u1ed0ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: ASTM A312 (Sch 10\/40).<br \/>\n  + \u1ed0ng trang tr\u00ed\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecfng: ASTM A554.<br \/>\n  + Thanh, \u0111\u0169a: ASTM A276\/A479.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u:<br \/>\n  + EN 1993-1-4 (Eurocode 3 \u2013 Stainless steel).<br \/>\n  + AISC Design Guide 27: Structural Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: AWS D1.6.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bu l\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c: ISO 3506 (A2\/A4-70\/80); v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i cao xem x\u00e9t duplex\/PH v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t ren (anti-galling).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-7-kha-dung-vat-tu-tai-viet-nam-va-goi-y-cau-hinh\">7) Kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 201, 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 430; 2205 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\/\u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: t\u1ea5m cu\u1ed9n 0,5\u20136 mm; t\u1ea5m HR d\u00e0y 8\u201360 mm; \u1ed1ng A312 Sch10\/40; \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p A554; thanh tr\u00f2n A276. D\u1ea7m ch\u1eef I\/H inox th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u00edt g\u1eb7p; th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ea7m h\u1ed9p\/d\u1ea7m I h\u00e0n t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  + K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 2205 h\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7m h\u1ed9p.<br \/>\n  + S\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea1ch: 304L \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p A554 c\u1ee1 d\u00e0y 1,5\u20133,0 mm ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m d\u1eadp g\u00e2n.<br \/>\n  + H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: 316L ho\u1eb7c 2205 t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c chloride v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-8-quy-trinh-lua-chon-theo-buoc\">8) Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 chloride, pH, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ec7 sinh CIP\/SIP.<br \/>\n2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea3i: t\u0129nh\/\u0111\u1ed9ng\/va \u0111\u1eadp, chu k\u1ef3 m\u1ecfi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<br \/>\n3) Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo \u0103n m\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh sau; \u01b0u ti\u00ean duplex 2205 khi c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng Cl-.<br \/>\n4) Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: h\u00e0n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, r\u1ee7i ro bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n5) Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC).<br \/>\n6) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng theo EN 1993-1-4\/AISC DG27; thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp WPS theo AWS D1.6.<br \/>\n7) QA\/QC: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u EN 10204 3.1, PMI, th\u1eed ferrite (m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n duplex), ki\u1ec3m tra NDT theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n8) B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, tr\u00e1nh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t ren.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-9-chi-phi-va-toi-uu-vong-doi\">9) Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201 < 304L < 316L < 2205 < 17-4PH v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.  \n- Tuy nhi\u00ean 2205 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304\/316 khi t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.  \n- Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u201cd\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n m\u00f2n\u201d (corrosion allowance) nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p carbon; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-10-khuyen-nghi-nhanh-theo-ung-dung\">10) Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; S\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c, lan can trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khung m\u00e1y, b\u1ec7 b\u01a1m v\u00f9ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\/ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n: 316L ho\u1eb7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean 2205 khi t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn\/ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea7m, d\u00e0n cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n\/thu h\u1ed3i mu\u1ed1i: 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1t, tr\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao: 17-4PH (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00e1nh 201\/430 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 chloride.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; EN 1993-1-4: Eurocode 3 \u2013 Design of steel structures \u2013 Stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; AISC Design Guide 27: Structural Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M: Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels (datasheets 304\/316\/2205\/17-4PH).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, \u201cDesigning Structural Stainless Steel\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Note k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 SCC, PREN.<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA (International Molybdenum Association), \u201cPractical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn inox cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc th\u1eafng, h\u00e3y: \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (PREN) tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo chu\u1ea9n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho inox; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chloride, duplex 2205 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1n \u2013 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi; 304L\/316L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea3i v\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n; 17-4PH d\u00e0nh cho chi ti\u1ebft c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng v\u00ec m\u00f4 \u0111un inox g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt t\u01b0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh: Hotline 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn inox ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c cho d\u1ea7m, khung, s\u00e0n: c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, h\u00e0n, \u0103n m\u00f2n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e1c 304\/316, duplex 2205, 17-4PH. C\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh nhanh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1066,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2042\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}