{"id":2102,"date":"2026-06-05T00:34:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T17:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/astm-a312-a270-a778-giai-ma-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-cong-nghiep\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T00:34:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T17:34:05","slug":"astm-a312-a270-a778-giai-ma-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-cong-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/astm-a312-a270-a778-giai-ma-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-cong-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM A312, A270, A778: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-a312-a270-a778-khac-nhau-o-diem-na\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: A312, A270, A778 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-astm-a312-ong-inox-cho-moi-truong-an-mon-vahoac-ap\">ASTM A312: \u1ed0ng inox cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-astm-a270-ong-inox-ve-sinh-cho-thuc-pham-do-uong-d\">ASTM A270: \u1ed0ng inox v\u1ec7 sinh cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-astm-a778-ong-inox-han-khong-u-as-welded-cho-muc-d\">ASTM A778: \u1ed0ng inox h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 (as-welded) cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-ky-thuat-trong-yeu-de-chon-nhanh\">So s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-quy-trinh-6-buoc-chon-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-dung-cho\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng inox \u0111\u00fang cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tinh-huong-thuc-te-va-cau-hinh-khuyen-nghi\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-loi-pho-bien-khi-dat-hang-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-quy-cach-pho-bien-san-co-tai-ha-noi\">Quy c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-thuat-ngu-nhanh\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong h\u1ec7 \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ba ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay: ASTM A312 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c), ASTM A270 (\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c) v\u00e0 ASTM A778 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7, cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\u2013phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin ch\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh sai s\u00f3t khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-a312-a270-a778-khac-nhau-o-diem-na\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: A312, A270, A778 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312: \u1ed0ng inox austenitic lo\u1ea1i seamless ho\u1eb7c welded, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (solution annealed), d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i, PCCC, HVAC c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270: \u1ed0ng inox v\u1ec7 sinh (sanitary) seamless\/welded cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m ID\/OD, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i). \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng CIP\/SIP, tank-to-tank, vi sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778: \u1ed0ng inox h\u00e0n \u201cas-welded\u201d (kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch), cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: lan can, khung k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-astm-a312-ong-inox-cho-moi-truong-an-mon-vahoac-ap\">ASTM A312: \u1ed0ng inox cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea1ng: seamless, welded (m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc), v\u00e0 \u201cheavily cold worked\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i giao h\u00e0ng: \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch (solution annealed) v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (pickled\/passivated) theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung ASTM A999\/A999M.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: theo ASME B36.19M (NPS v\u00e0 Schedule S: 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S\u2026).<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic grades: TP304\/304L, TP316\/316L, TP321, TP347, TP310S, 904L\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304\/304L cho n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng chloride cao; 316\/316L khi c\u00f3 chloride, CIP\/axit y\u1ebfu; 321\/347 cho nhi\u1ec7t cao c\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a; 904L khi \u0103n m\u00f2n khe\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/chloride n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng; th\u1eed d\u1eb9t\/lo\u00e3nh loe (flattening\/flaring) cho \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00edn: th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c NDE (eddy current\/ultrasonic) theo ASTM A999.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ea m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (bead rolled).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb EN 10204 3.1, k\u00e8m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u00f3a c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 NDE.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn PMI (Positive Material Identification) t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng PCCC, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 spec: \u201cASTM A312 TP316L, 4&#8243; SCH 10S, welded, solution annealed &#038; pickled, hydrotested or 100% eddy current, ends plain\/beveled as per ASME B36.19M, EN10204 3.1\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-astm-a270-ong-inox-ve-sinh-cho-thuc-pham-do-uong-d\">ASTM A270: \u1ed0ng inox v\u1ec7 sinh cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: v\u1ec7 sinh\/sanitary, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong s\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng: seamless ho\u1eb7c welded; th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1o\/ti\u1ec7n b\u1ecf g\u1edd h\u00e0n trong (ID weld bead removal) cho v\u1ec7 sinh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i\/s\u1ea1ch: r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u, truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A270 cho ph\u00e9p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ra theo micromet cho ID\/OD v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 (mechanically polished) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (electropolished).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0nh F&#038;B\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ID Ra \u2264 0,8 \u03bcm cho \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ID Ra \u2264 0,4 \u03bcm khi electropolish (EP) cho quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: ASME BPE l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c\/sinh h\u1ecdc; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u BPE, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 BPE thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 A270.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1c th\u00e9p, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, dung sai<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: TP304\/304L v\u00e0 TP316\/316L; 316L \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho CIP c\u00f3 chloride\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai OD\/WT ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1ng plain-end \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n orbit\/vi kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp clamp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9: co, t\u00ea, clamp, ferrule theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sanitary.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; NDE cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (eddy current\/UT), ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i soi (boroscope) khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o Ra b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o nh\u00e1m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac; b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ID\/OD.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u test vi sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 spec v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cASTM A270 TP316L, 2&#8243; x 1.6 mm, welded, ID weld bead removed, ID Ra \u2264 0,8 \u03bcm (EP t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn Ra \u2264 0,4 \u03bcm), cleaned &#038; capped, EN10204 3.1, 100% eddy current.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-astm-a778-ong-inox-han-khong-u-as-welded-cho-muc-d\">ASTM A778: \u1ed0ng inox h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 (as-welded) cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qua \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c xo\u1eafn (spiral).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao hay \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 A312.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>\u01afu \u2013 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu: gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, th\u1eddi gian cung nhanh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7; v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ) nh\u1ea1y \u0103n m\u00f2n; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can, khung m\u00e1y, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tho\u00e1t m\u00e1i, \u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u01a1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, CIP\/SIP.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-ky-thuat-trong-yeu-de-chon-nhanh\">So s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: \u0103n m\u00f2n\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m ID.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: seamless ho\u1eb7c welded, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: seamless ho\u1eb7c welded; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1ecdt g\u1edd h\u00e0n trong.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: welded as-welded, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ra; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t pickled\/passivated.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ra ID\/OD; c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/EP.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh\/\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u2013 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: d\u00f9ng cho piping ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p \u1edf m\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 v\u1ec7 sinh, nh\u01b0ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: ASME B36.19M (NPS, Schedule S).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: theo b\u1ea3ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc sanitary trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh theo OD v\u00e0 WT m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc linh ho\u1ea1t theo \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-quy-trinh-6-buoc-chon-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-dung-cho\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng inox \u0111\u00fang cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t, chloride, pH, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh: n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 F&#038;B\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u01b0u ti\u00ean A270; quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ra ID\/OD v\u00e0 c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng EP.<br \/>\n3) Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/\u0103n m\u00f2n \u2192 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u solution annealed (A312); tr\u00e1nh A778.<br \/>\n4) Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p: 304\/304L cho s\u1ea1ch, 316\/316L cho chloride\/CIP; 321\/347 cho nhi\u1ec7t cao; 904L cho \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n5) Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y:<br \/>\n&#8211; Piping c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: theo ASME B36.19M, Sch 10S\/40S\/80S t\u00f9y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sanitary: theo OD v\u00e0 WT m\u1ecfng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00fat\/k\u1eb9p clamp hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<br \/>\n6) Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra:<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10204 3.1; NDE 100% cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; hydrotest ho\u1eb7c NDE theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi sanitary: b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Ra, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u, truy xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tinh-huong-thuc-te-va-cau-hinh-khuyen-nghi\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia\/N\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t (CIP NaOH\/HNO3): ASTM A270 TP316L, welded, ID bead removed, ID Ra \u2264 0,8 \u03bcm (EP n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u2264 0,4 \u03bcm), ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 3.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t: ASTM A312 TP316L, 3&#8243; SCH 40S, welded ho\u1eb7c seamless, solution annealed, pickled, NDE 100%.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1i\/condensate b\u1eb1ng inox: ASTM A312 TP304\/TP321 (t\u00f9y nhi\u1ec7t), Sch 40S\/80S theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e1t h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lan can\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng: ASTM A778 TP304, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trang tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-loi-pho-bien-khi-dat-hang-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn A270 v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed: \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1ec7 sinh (Ra, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, g\u1ecdt g\u1edd h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng A778 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n do kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m Schedule 10 v\u1edbi 10S: 10S l\u00e0 series cho inox theo ASME B36.19M; k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c carbon steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ra\/EP cho sanitary \u2192 nh\u1eadn \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NDE\/3.1 \u2192 kh\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-quy-cach-pho-bien-san-co-tai-ha-noi\">Quy c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; A312: OD 1\/2&#8243;\u201312&#8243;, Sch 10S\/40S; m\u00e1c 304\/304L\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; A270: OD 1&#8243;\u20134&#8243;, WT m\u1ecfng 1.2\u20132.0 mm; 304L\/316L; t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/EP.<br \/>\n&#8211; A778: OD 19\u2013114 mm; WT 1.0\u20132.5 mm; 304\/201\/316 (l\u01b0u \u00fd 201 ch\u1ec9 cho trang tr\u00ed\/c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n).<br \/>\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd: ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lead time theo t\u1eebng l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-thuat-ngu-nhanh\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Seamless: \u1ed0ng \u0111\u00f9n\/k\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Welded: \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n t\u1eeb d\u1ea3i th\u00e9p; c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc\/xo\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Solution annealed (\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch): Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean austenite, kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pickling\/Passivation: T\u1ea9y axit v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ra: \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m trung b\u00ecnh; \u03bcm (micromet).<br \/>\n&#8211; EP (Electropolishing): \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m Ra, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; NDE: Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (eddy current, UT).<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI: Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhanh (XRF).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes (ASTM International, www.astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270\/A270M \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic and Ferritic\/Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing (ASTM International)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778 \u2013 Standard Specification for Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products (ASTM International)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A999\/A999M \u2013 General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe (ASTM International)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A1016\/A1016M \u2013 General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Nickel Alloy Seamless Pipe and Tubing (ASTM International)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B36.19M \u2013 Stainless Steel Pipe (The ASME, www.asme.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME BPE \u2013 Bioprocessing Equipment Standard (The ASME)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sanitary khi v\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ed1 1, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m ID\/OD v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf cho c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf A312\/A270 trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<br \/>\nN\u1eafm r\u00f5 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00fang \u2013 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft ASTM A312, A270, A778: ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u1ed1ng inox cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}