{"id":2138,"date":"2026-06-14T00:33:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T17:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-phu-kien-inox-304-va-201-9-kiem-tra-chuan-xac-tranh-mua-nham\/"},"modified":"2026-06-14T00:33:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T17:33:34","slug":"phan-biet-phu-kien-inox-304-va-201-9-kiem-tra-chuan-xac-tranh-mua-nham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-phu-kien-inox-304-va-201-9-kiem-tra-chuan-xac-tranh-mua-nham\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Inox 304 v\u00e0 201: 9 ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh mua nh\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-khac-biet-cot-loi-giua-inox-304-va-201\">Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa Inox 304 v\u00e0 201<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-9-phuong-phap-kiem-tra-de-phan-biet-304-va-201\">9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 201<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-thuc-dia-khuyen-nghi-theo-muc-do-chac-ch\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-dau-hieu-canh-bao-hang-giahang-kem-chat-luong-o-vi\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3\/h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-phu-hop-va-rui-ro-neu-chon-sai\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn sai<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-304-vs-201-diem-ky-thuat-dang-nho\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh 304 vs 201 (\u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-vi-du-thuc-te-ngan\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u1eafn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Inox cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang Inox 304 v\u00e0 201 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb nhanh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-khac-biet-cot-loi-giua-inox-304-va-201\">Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa Inox 304 v\u00e0 201<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e1c th\u00e9p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox 304 (UNS S30400): Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit nh\u00f3m 300 series, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n cao trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u2014 ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox 201 (UNS S20100): Austenit nh\u00f3m 200 series, gi\u1ea3m niken, t\u0103ng mangan v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, \u00edt chloride, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trang tr\u00ed\/n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (theo ASTM A240\/A276):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Cr 18\u201320%, Ni 8\u201310.5%, Mn \u22642%, C \u22640.08% (304L: C \u22640.03%).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Cr 16\u201318%, Ni 3.5\u20135.5%, Mn 5.5\u20137.5%, N \u22640.25%, C \u22640.15%.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n chung v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed1m tr\u00e0\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, m\u01b0a axit nh\u1eb9, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: D\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\/n\u00e2u v\u00e0 pitting trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, chloride (g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ebfp, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea3 304 v\u00e0 201 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 (annealed) g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb. Sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m nh\u1eb9; 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n, \u201c\u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i\u201d h\u01a1n; u\u1ed1n\/\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y; 304 d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (tham kh\u1ea3o): 304 \u2248 7.93 g\/cm\u00b3; 201 \u2248 7.80 g\/cm\u00b3 (ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1: 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 20\u201340% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1 Ni. Gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d cho h\u00e0ng ghi 304 l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM A240\/A276; Nickel Institute \u2013 \u201cComparing 200 and 300 Series Stainless Steels\u201d; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-9-phuong-phap-kiem-tra-de-phan-biet-304-va-201\">9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 201<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc, truy xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Mill Test Certificate (MTC) c\u00f3 Heat No., m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (%Cr, %Ni, %Mn).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc\/laser tr\u00ean ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n (m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, heat). Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n 201 trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n ASTM cho \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, trong khi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n 304 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ASTM A403, A182\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa MTC, d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<h3>2) C\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e2n t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i so v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\/k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang. Sai kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi so h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m neodymium nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ea1m nh\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1n\/\u00e9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 304 \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c 201 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat r\u00f5 \u1edf m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n\/gia c\u00f4ng: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 201 ho\u1eb7c 304 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng; c\u1ea7n ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: 430 (ferritic) h\u00fat r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh; n\u1ebfu h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nghi ng\u1edd h\u00e0ng l\u1eabn 430 m\u1ea1 b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Nickel Institute \u2013 Magnetic properties of austenitic stainless steels.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Th\u1eed nhanh nickel b\u1eb1ng DMG (dimethylglyoxime)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m: Th\u1ea5m que b\u00f4ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch DMG ~1% trong ethanol, nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt amonia lo\u00e3ng, ch\u00e0 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0u l\u00ean \u0111\u1eadm\/nhanh: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni cao h\u01a1n (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 304).<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t\/ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 201).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 test b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp passivation. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf PMI.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: ASTM E1473 \u2013 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh Ni; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng DMG trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c (5% NaCl)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng kh\u0103n th\u1ea5m dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 5%, d\u00e1n l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (P240) trong 24\u201348 gi\u1edd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng 30\u201335\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\/n\u00e2u, pitting nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y passivation t\u1ed1t).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: G\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: M\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>Tham chi\u1ebfu: ASTM B117 (kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i) \u2013 d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0103n m\u00f2n chloride t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h3>6) Th\u1eed nitric lo\u00e3ng (c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng an to\u00e0n)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1ecf 1\u20132 gi\u1ecdt HNO3 ~10% l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, quan s\u00e1t 1\u20132 ph\u00fat, trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng NaHCO3 v\u00e0 r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u; 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ec9n\/\u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean, mang PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Nickel Institute \u2013 Acid resistance of 200 vs 300 series.<\/p>\n<h3>7) Quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, 201 d\u1ec5 s\u1edbm xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0ng r\u01a1m\/n\u00e2u t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y passivation k\u1ef9; 304 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hoa v\u0103n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cl\u1ea1nh\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1eabm nh\u1eb9; 304 cho \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u00e1nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>8) \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7m tay (HRB\/HV):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 \u1ee7: HRB kho\u1ea3ng 70\u201390.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 \u1ee7: HRB th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng 90\u2013100.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e1n\/\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Atlas Steels \u2013 Typical mechanical properties of 201\/304.<\/p>\n<h3>9) PMI b\u1eb1ng XRF\/OES (k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y PMI c\u1ea7m tay (XRF) ho\u1eb7c OES \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc %Cr, %Ni, %Mn ngay tr\u00ean ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ~Ni 8\u201310% v\u00e0 Mn \u22642%: 304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ~Ni 3.5\u20135.5% v\u00e0 Mn ~6\u20137%: 201.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n sai m\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, van, co \u2013 t\u00ea ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: API RP 578 \u2013 Positive Material Identification; ASTM E1476.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-thuc-dia-khuyen-nghi-theo-muc-do-chac-ch\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd (MTC, heat), d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh: nam ch\u00e2m + DMG + quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 24\u201348h n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nitric lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung c\u0103n c\u1ee9.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: PMI XRF\/OES \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u1ec7m thu s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-dau-hieu-canh-bao-hang-giahang-kem-chat-luong-o-vi\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3\/h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e1 \u201c304\u201d nh\u01b0ng ngang\/b\u1eb1ng 201 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 MTC, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 heat number; ho\u1eb7c MTC photo, font\/format b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc \u201c304\u201d n\u00f4ng, m\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\/heat tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 304\u201d \u2014 sai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng nhanh ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-phu-hop-va-rui-ro-neu-chon-sai\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn sai<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00ean d\u00f9ng 304 cho:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Lan can, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda\/chloride.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, van, co \u2013 t\u00ea c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 \u2013 l\u00fd \u2013 h\u00f3a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 201 cho:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, showroom, tay v\u1ecbn trong nh\u00e0, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed tr\u00e1nh \u1ea9m \u2013 mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ee7i ro khi d\u00f9ng 201 thay 304:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0 v\u00e0ng, r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u, pitting, n\u1ed5 m\u1ea3ng s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7; chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thay th\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Outokumpu Handbook; Nickel Institute \u2013 Material selection guidelines.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-304-vs-201-diem-ky-thuat-dang-nho\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh 304 vs 201 (\u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: 304 Ni cao (8\u201310.5%), 201 Ni th\u1ea5p (3.5\u20135.5%), Mn cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n: 304 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; 201 d\u1ec5 \u1ed1\/r\u1ec9 trong \u1ea9m \u2013 mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng: 304 d\u1ebbo, h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t; 201 c\u1ee9ng, \u201cn\u1ea3y\u201d, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng: c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat; 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin: PMI XRF\/OES.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-vi-du-thuc-te-ngan\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ef1 \u00e1n lan can ban c\u00f4ng t\u1ea7ng cao t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n: d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n 201 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau 4\u20136 th\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf sang 304 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd passivation; t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t 2,5 l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n \u201cti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac chloride cao, h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y passivation, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, 304 v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 201 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng. Nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9. C\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam DMG, th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng do mu\u1ed1i\/axit th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda. N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L kh\u00e1c 304 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L c\u00f3 C th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, kh\u00e1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi h\u00e0n; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ni\/Cr t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n passivation sau h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u00ean. T\u1ea9y passivation b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3, t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi 304 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A276 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u1eb9t\/thanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; API RP 578 \u2013 Positive Material Identification.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: \u201cComparing 200 and 300 Series Stainless Steels\u201d, \u201cMagnetic properties of austenitic stainless steels\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook.<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook \u2013 Grade 201 &#038; 304 datasheets.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh mua nh\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Inox 201 thay cho 304, h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh: ki\u1ec3m tra MTC v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m\/DMG\/quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c nitric khi c\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng PMI XRF\/OES tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u1ec7m thu l\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Ghi nh\u1edb: 304 c\u00f3 Ni cao v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; 201 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c th\u00e9p theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, th\u1eed PMI t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n 304 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Inox 304 v\u00e0 201 b\u1eb1ng 9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb PMI, n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2138"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2138\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}