{"id":2160,"date":"2026-06-19T12:33:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T05:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/bon-nuoc-inox-nen-chon-inox-304-hay-316-cho-nguon-nuoc-sach-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T12:33:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T05:33:39","slug":"bon-nuoc-inox-nen-chon-inox-304-hay-316-cho-nguon-nuoc-sach-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/bon-nuoc-inox-nen-chon-inox-304-hay-316-cho-nguon-nuoc-sach-2\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Inox: N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Inox 304 hay 316 cho ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-ket-luan-nhanh-chon-loai-nao-cho-bon-nuoc\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nhanh: Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-inox-304-vs-316-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-va-kha-nang-\">Inox 304 vs 316: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-cac-co-che-an-mon-trong-nuoc-sach-va-thuc-te-viet-\">C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n trong \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thiet-ke-va-che-tao-bon-nhung-diem-quyet-dinh-tuoi\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3n: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ve-sinh-khu-trung-bon-inox-dung-cach\">V\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1ed3n inox \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chi-phi-vong-doi-khi-nao-dang-nang-cap-len-316l\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 316L?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-cau-hoi-ky-thuat-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-khuyen-nghi-chon-nhanh-theo-nguon-nuoc-va-vi-tri\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc inox l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u00e0 \u1edf, chung c\u01b0, x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0: d\u00f9ng inox 304 hay 316 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u00e8m khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-ket-luan-nhanh-chon-loai-nao-cho-bon-nuoc\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nhanh: Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, pH trung t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0: inox 304L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u2013 b\u1ec1n, kinh t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i cao (c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n \u22645\u201310 km), ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ion clorua cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng khoan ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3: \u01b0u ti\u00ean inox 316L \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng (>50\u201360\u00b0C), h\u1ec7 RO\/kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng clo\/hypochlorite, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n: inox 316L khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u201cL\u201d (304L\/316L), h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-inox-304-vs-316-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-va-kha-nang-\">Inox 304 vs 316: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304 (AISI 304, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng X5CrNi18-10 theo EN 10088): kho\u1ea3ng 18% Cr, 8\u201310.5% Ni, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 molypden (Mo).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316 (AISI 316, X5CrNiMo17-12-2): kho\u1ea3ng 16\u201318% Cr, 10\u201314% Ni, th\u00eam 2\u20132.5% Mo.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1 inox d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng theo ASTM A240\/A240M (stainless steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure vessels and general applications) v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c EN 10088. V\u1edbi b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 304L ho\u1eb7c 316L (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C \u22640.03%) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ec sao 316 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00eam molypden (Mo) trong 316 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting do ion clorua (Cl\u2212). Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L: PREN ~ 18\u201319<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: PREN ~ 23\u201324.5<\/p>\n<p>PREN cao h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ecbu Cl\u2212 cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: 304L v\u00e0 316L thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m austenitic, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng; 316L h\u01a1i c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t; \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L\/316L v\u1edbi que\/d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1n 308L (cho 304L) ho\u1eb7c 316L (cho 316L). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp oxide Cr gi\u00e0u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u201cheat tint\u201d d\u1ec5 kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B ho\u1eb7c BA cho b\u1ed3n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh cao n\u00ean gi\u1eef nh\u1eb5n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Ra \u22640.8\u20131.2 \u03bcm \u1edf v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-cac-co-che-an-mon-trong-nuoc-sach-va-thuc-te-viet-\">C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n trong \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ion clorua (Cl\u2212): t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 pitting\/crevice \u1edf inox austenitic. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao, nguy c\u01a1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; pH: trung t\u00ednh (6.5\u20138.5) an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit\/ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c clo t\u1ef1 do cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: t\u0103ng 10\u00b0C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Cl\u2212 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy, c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m, khe h\u1edf (g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1, gio\u0103ng, m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p): t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h3>Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Cl\u2212 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho 304 vs 316<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb Nickel Institute v\u00e0 BSSA cho th\u1ea5y:<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi Cl\u2212 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh (quanh \u2264200 mg\/L).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L ch\u1ecbu Cl\u2212 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb khi Cl\u2212 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ec7 sinh clo, hay h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u1ea7n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ec7 sinh clo, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed3n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; QCVN 01-1:2018\/BYT quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng; ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau clorua (Cl\u2212) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 250 mg\/L ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec c\u1ea3m quan (m\u00f9i v\u1ecb).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 250 mg\/L, pH trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t clo t\u1ed1t \u2192 304L s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, Nha Trang, V\u0169ng T\u00e0u\u2026): h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng Cl\u2212 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u2192 316L gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ed7\/\u1ed1 n\u00e2u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng khoan: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212, SO4 2\u2212, Fe, Mn cao; n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ecdn 316L an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. Lu\u00f4n th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (Cl\u2212, pH, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, TDS) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n inox 1\u20135 m\u00b3 cho nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1eb7t trong ph\u00f2ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n 1\u20133 m\u00b3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, m\u01b0a n\u1eafng, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i: 316L cho c\u1ea3 v\u1ecf b\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (50\u201370\u00b0C), c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3: 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef cho d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 CIP clo: 316L v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 clo t\u1ef1 do, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thiet-ke-va-che-tao-bon-nhung-diem-quyet-dinh-tuoi\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3n: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/h2>\n<h3>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gia c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng 500\u20135,000 L: th\u01b0\u1eddng 0.6\u20131.0 mm (304L\/316L) v\u1edbi g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng. V\u1edbi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c k\u00ea \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u00ean 0.8\u20131.2 mm v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0nh t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p >5 m\u00b3: 1.5\u20133.0 mm t\u00f9y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo EN 13445\/ASME VIII (n\u1ebfu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c), ho\u1eb7c theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n TIG\/MIG b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u00e1c th\u00e9p (308L cho 304L; 316L cho 316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (axit nitric\/fluoric d\u1ea1ng gel theo quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (nitric\/citric) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp pasive; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI\/n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pH trung t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eabn s\u1eaft cacbon (b\u1ee5i m\u00e0i, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng) l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox; d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean inox.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe h\u1edf, m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p gi\u1eef c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i; d\u00f9ng g\u00f3c l\u01b0\u1ee3n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ed1c tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1eafp manhole \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i (vent) v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng; \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ed3n c\u00f3 d\u1ed1c x\u1ea3 c\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gio\u0103ng\/\u0111\u1ec7m: d\u00f9ng EPDM\/PTFE \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng (NSF\/ANSI 61 ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng). Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n clo.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh gh\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon\/\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt; n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, d\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\/dielectric unions.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bulong, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316. V\u1edbi 304 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn \u1ed5n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ve-sinh-khu-trung-bon-inox-dung-cach\">V\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1ed3n inox \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch trung t\u00ednh\/ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (pH 7\u201310). Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a clorua m\u1ea1nh, thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y Javen \u0111\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng NaOCl: gi\u1eef clo t\u1ef1 do th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u1eafn; sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3, tr\u00e1ng k\u1ef9. Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch clo >50\u2013200 mg\/L \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y r\u1ed7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u201cshock chlorination\u201d, tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t inox v\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch ngay sau x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p ch\u1ed5i s\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng; d\u00f9ng pad s\u1ee3i nylon m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m. V\u1ebft \u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean b\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi: r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9 (citric) r\u1ed3i tr\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chi-phi-vong-doi-khi-nao-dang-nang-cap-len-316l\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 316L?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e1 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 304L kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201335% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Mo\/Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; ROI c\u1ee7a 316L th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Chu k\u1ef3 v\u1ec7 sinh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng khi Cl\u2212 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng\/kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng clo.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 (b\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u00edt \u1ed1 n\u00e2u h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: 304L cho chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u n\u0103m khi thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-cau-hoi-ky-thuat-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>304 c\u00f3 \u201can to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3. 304\/316 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: d\u00f9ng m\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM\/EN), h\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh, r\u1eeda\/b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. V\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecm nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 NSF\/ANSI 61 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi linh ki\u1ec7n\/gio\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h3>304 hay b\u1ecb \u1ed1 n\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng do l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ec9\u201d c\u1ee7a inox m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea9n t\u00edch t\u1ee5. 316L ch\u1ed1ng \u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n, s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n 316L?<\/h3>\n<p>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Cl\u2212 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a 304L; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng clo, 316L an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-khuyen-nghi-chon-nhanh-theo-nguon-nuoc-va-vi-tri\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, b\u1ed3n trong nh\u00e0, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n: 316L (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t cho v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng khoan ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd, Cl\u2212 ho\u1eb7c TDS cao: 316L; k\u00e8m h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng clo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, ng\u00e0nh F&#038;B: 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc? Th\u1eed nhanh Cl\u2212, pH, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (EC\/TDS) v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 \u2013 Stainless steels (chemical composition and product forms).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines for the use of stainless steel in potable water; Cleaning and descaling stainless steels. https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA): Selection of stainless steel for water industry; Stainless steels and drinking water. https:\/\/bssa.org.uk<br \/>\n&#8211; WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (4th ed.). https:\/\/www.who.int<br \/>\n&#8211; QCVN 01-1:2018\/BYT \u2013 Quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0103n u\u1ed1ng (B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao khi thi c\u00f4ng \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting nh\u1edd Mo, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 cao, b\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 clo.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn 304L hay 316L, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n, gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh inox 304 vs 316 cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua, v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, chi ph\u00ed. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, ven bi\u1ec3n, gi\u1ebfng khoan, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}