{"id":2218,"date":"2026-07-04T00:34:06","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T17:34:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/ong-inox-trong-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-cong-nghiep-vai-tro-va-chon-mac\/"},"modified":"2026-07-04T00:34:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T17:34:06","slug":"ong-inox-trong-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-cong-nghiep-vai-tro-va-chon-mac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/ong-inox-trong-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-cong-nghiep-vai-tro-va-chon-mac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0ng inox trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-ong-inox-la-lua-chon-chuan-cho-bo-trao-doi-\">V\u00ec sao \u1ed1ng inox l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-cac-mac-inox-thuong-dung-va-pham-vi-ap-dung\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tieu-chuan-ong-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat-cot-loi\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-an-mon-dien-hinh-va-cach-kiem-soat\">\u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-truyen-nhiet-cach-bu-nhuoc-diem-do-dan-k-cua-inox\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1ch \u201cb\u00f9\u201d nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn k c\u1ee7a inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-gia-cong-lap-dat-van-hanh-va-bao-tri\">Gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-so-sanh-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcca\">So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCCA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tuan-thu-va-chung-chi\">Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-checklist-chon-ong-inox-theo-ung-dung\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng inox theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng \u2013 t\u1eeb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u \u2013 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. \u1ed0ng inox ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 t\u1ed1t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m: v\u00ec sao n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng inox, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-ong-inox-la-lua-chon-chuan-cho-bo-trao-doi-\">V\u00ec sao \u1ed1ng inox l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Clo\/ion Cl- (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t), axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1\/h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ki\u1ec1m, kh\u00ed H2S\/CO2 (d\u1ecbch sour), amine\u2026 Inox c\u00f3 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea9n (fouling).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1n c\u01a1: \u1ed0ng inox gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng thau\/Cu-Ni; c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (321\/347\/310S, 253MA) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t cao c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 h\u01a1i\/superheater.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea1ch, h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t: H\u00e0n TIG\/orbital cho m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pickling \u2013 passivation \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (k) c\u1ee7a inox (~14\u201316 W\/m\u00b7K cho 304\/316) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng (low-finned\/inside rifled), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m fouling n\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed5ng (U) v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt suy gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-cac-mac-inox-thuong-dung-va-pham-vi-ap-dung\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cl-, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, pH, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng, c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H2S\/CO2, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng O2 h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 b\u00e1m c\u00e1u\/vi sinh.<\/p>\n<h3>Austenitic (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L (UNS S30400\/S30403): N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u00edt Cl-, axit nitric lo\u00e3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh. R\u1ee7i ro SCC trong Cl- n\u00f3ng. PREN ~18\u201319.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (UNS S31600\/S31603): Ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/m\u00e1y trong Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1edd Mo. D\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n pha\/gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, amine s\u1ea1ch. PREN ~24.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321\/347 (stabilized, H-version 321H\/347H): Ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao, ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (sensitization) khi h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c >450\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L (UNS N08904): H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\/Mo cao, t\u1ed1t cho H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng\u2013trung b\u00ecnh, axit phosphoric, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- cao h\u01a1n 316L. PREN ~34\u201336.<br \/>\n&#8211; 6Mo nh\u01b0 254SMO (UNS S31254) ho\u1eb7c AL-6XN (UNS N08367): M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n. PREN ~42\u201347.<\/p>\n<h3>Duplex (c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 + ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/SCC)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803): Ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/khe v\u00e0 SCC Cl- v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi 316L, b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 cao, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng ven bi\u1ec3n, gi\u00e0n khoan. PREN ~34\u201336.<br \/>\n&#8211; Super duplex 2507 (UNS S32750\/S32760): N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng, l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c cao, d\u1ecbch kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i. PREN >40.<\/p>\n<h3>Ferritic v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 444 (UNS S44400): N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng sinh ho\u1ea1t, Cl- th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh, kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n 316L, ch\u1ed1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310S, 253MA: V\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao (superheater\/reheater), kh\u00ed l\u00f2 oxy h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t\/ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5: 2205 ho\u1eb7c 2507; thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng titan n\u1ebfu Cl- r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >50\u201360\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit sulfuric lo\u00e3ng\u2013trung b\u00ecnh: 904L, 6Mo (254SMO\/AL-6XN).<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit nitric: 304L\/310L t\u00f9y n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Amine\/CO2\/H2S (d\u1ecbch sour): Duplex 2205, 2507; ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ven bi\u1ec3n: 2205 cho condenser\/LP heater; 321\/347\/304H cho v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/khe; ch\u1ecdn theo Cl-, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tieu-chuan-ong-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat-cot-loi\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A213\/ASME SA-213 (\u1ed1ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, superheater, heat exchanger)<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A249\/ASME SA-249 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, condenser, heat exchanger; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bead-rolling v\u00e0 \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan)<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A269 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung; nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eabn \u01b0u ti\u00ean A249\/A213 cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t)<br \/>\n  &#8211; EN 10216-5 (seamless) \/ EN 10217-7 (welded) cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: TEMA (R\/C\/B) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng; API 660 cho shell-and-tube trong l\u1ecdc h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u; ASME BPVC Section VIII cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng: OD 12.7; 15.88; 19.05; 25.4 mm; WT 0.9\u20132.11 mm (t\u00f9y \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh). B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1ed1ng tam gi\u00e1c\/square, P\/D theo TEMA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t\/l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch axit (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ASTM A380\/A967). N\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ra trong \u1ed1ng \u2264 0.8\u20131.2 \u03bcm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m fouling.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra: Eddy current, hydrotest, ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 kh\u00ed (helium test) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c\/hazard; PMI x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c; ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC EN 10204 3.1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-an-mon-dien-hinh-va-cach-kiem-soat\">\u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ed7\/khe (pitting\/crevice) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: n\u00e2ng m\u00e1c (t\u1eeb 316L l\u00ean 2205\/904L\/6Mo), gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe h\u1edf, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n do vi sinh (MIC):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c, shock chlorination\/UV theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t Cl- (SCC) \u1edf austenitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t >60\u00b0C trong Cl-; d\u00f9ng duplex\/ferritic ho\u1eb7c 304L\/316L v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00f3i m\u00f2n\u2013\u0103n m\u00f2n (erosion\u2013corrosion):<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1t r\u1eafn\/kh\u00ed cu\u1ed1n theo l\u00e0m t\u0103ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c: kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20132 m\/s cho 316L trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch; 3\u20136 m\/s cho duplex 2205\/2507 (tham kh\u1ea3o datasheet nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng (tubesheet) kh\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng overlay\/t\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng inox, \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, anot hy sinh\/cathodic protection, c\u1eb7p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nhau trong d\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u1ea1t bi\u00ean (sensitization) v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t 450\u2013850\u00b0C tr\u00ean 304\/316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1c L ho\u1eb7c 321\/347; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan sau gia c\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-truyen-nhiet-cach-bu-nhuoc-diem-do-dan-k-cua-inox\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1ch \u201cb\u00f9\u201d nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn k c\u1ee7a inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng: ch\u1ecdn layout tam gi\u00e1c, d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 g\u00e2n trong\/ngo\u00e0i (low-finned\/inside rifled) n\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m fouling: x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb h\u1ed1 r\u1ed7 (t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u00e1m c\u00e1u).<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t: l\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecdc, pH trung t\u00ednh\u2013h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1u c\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 U t\u1ed5ng: t\u1eadp trung n\u00e2ng h \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u1ea9n; inox th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef U \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-gia-cong-lap-dat-van-hanh-va-bao-tri\">Gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; U\u1ed1n\/lo\u00e9 \u1ed1ng: Ch\u1ecdn R u\u1ed1n \u2265 1.5\u20132.0D \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u0103n; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ovality.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW\/orbital; kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (ER308L, ER316L, ER2209 cho duplex). Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0n th\u1ea5p, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nong \u1ed1ng \u2013 h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng: Theo TEMA; v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0n k\u00edn \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng + seal welding; ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng overlay inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: Pickling-passivation; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1; c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t ASTM C795 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh SCC d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00edn\/hydrotest: N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed s\u1ea1ch, Cl- th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <50 ppm cho 304\/316; theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1c duplex c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n), s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ngay sau th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ed7 do \u201cwater spots\u201d.  \n- B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:  \n  - L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch on-line (b\u00f3ng m\u00fat) cho condenser; off-line r\u1eeda h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb9 (axit citric\/nitric lo\u00e3ng) v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a; tr\u00e1nh HCl v\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7 nhanh.  \n  - Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t: \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ECT \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm r\u1ed7\/khe\/x\u00f3i.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-so-sanh-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcca\">So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCCA)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1ed1ng inox cao h\u01a1n CS\/Cu-Ni nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i: tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, \u00edt d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec \u00edt fouling.<br \/>\n&#8211; Case ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: thay 90\/10 Cu-Ni b\u1eb1ng duplex 2205 cho condenser ven bi\u1ec3n cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c cao h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m biofouling v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 TCO th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tuan-thu-va-chung-chi\">Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; MTC EN 10204 3.1\/3.2; truy xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME BPVC Section VIII (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p), TEMA, API 660 (l\u1ecdc h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 cho d\u1ecbch sour; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ferrite (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi duplex m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 30\u201370%).<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI 100% cho c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u1ed1ng\/chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng; th\u1eed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u00f2n theo ASTM G48 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1c c\u00f3 Mo\/N).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-checklist-chon-ong-inox-theo-ung-dung\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng inox theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, Cl- th\u1ea5p: 304L\/316L, WT t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; ch\u00fa \u00fd SCC \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea3i ven bi\u1ec3n, Cl- trung b\u00ecnh, T \u2264 40\u201350\u00b0C: 316L ho\u1eb7c 2205 n\u1ebfu v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao\/h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bio cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao, r\u1ee7i ro MIC: 2205\/2507; x\u1eed l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit sulfuric\/phosphoric: 904L ho\u1eb7c 6Mo; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/T.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 h\u01a1i\/superheater: 321H\/347H\/310S\/253MA theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecbch sour (H2S\/CO2\/Cl-): Duplex 2205\/2507; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; TEMA Standards \u2013 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Boiler &#038; Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII; ASME SA-213\/SA-249.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A213, A249, A269; ASTM A380\/A967 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch &#038; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 \u2013 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S.<br \/>\n&#8211; API 660 \u2013 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for Refinery Service.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Various Environments.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook; Alleima (Sandvik) Materials Datasheets for Heat Exchanger Tubes.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\n\u1ed0ng inox l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo Cl-\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2013 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (ASTM\/ASME\/TEMA\/API); ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n (r\u1ed7\/khe\/SCC\/MIC); thi c\u00f4ng \u2013 th\u1eed k\u00edn \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ven bi\u1ec3n, duplex 2205\/2507 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1ecdt\u201d gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi; trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit m\u1ea1nh, 904L\/6Mo th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u01b0u th\u1ebf. L\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng inox s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt d\u1eebng m\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 \u1ed1ng inox trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1025,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2218"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}