{"id":2226,"date":"2026-07-05T12:34:04","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T05:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-316l-la-vat-lieu-chu-luc-trong-dong-tau-bien-hien-dai\/"},"modified":"2026-07-05T12:34:04","modified_gmt":"2026-07-05T05:34:04","slug":"vi-sao-inox-316l-la-vat-lieu-chu-luc-trong-dong-tau-bien-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-316l-la-vat-lieu-chu-luc-trong-dong-tau-bien-hien-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao Inox 316L l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-va-cac-chi-so-ky-thuat-then-\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-chong-an-mon-trong-nuoc-bien-diem-manh-va-gioi-han\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-316l-dung-o-dau-tren-tau-la-toi-uu\">316L d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean t\u00e0u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-so-sanh-316l-voi-cac-lua-chon-pho-bien\">So s\u00e1nh 316L v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-kha-nang-han-gia-cong-va-hoan-thien-be-mat-trong-x\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-co-tinh-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-dac-tinh-khac\">C\u01a1 t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc-tren-tau-vi-sao-316l-dang-tie\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) tr\u00ean t\u00e0u: v\u00ec sao 316L \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ec1n\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-thiet-ke-de-316l-ben-nhat-trong-moi-truong-bien\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 316L b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-thong-so-dat-hang-khuyen-nghi-cho-du-an-dong-tau-t\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-khi-nao-can-nang-cap-vuot-316l\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u01b0\u1ee3t 316L?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n ngu\u1ed3n cung. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, Inox 316L \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao 316L g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t mua \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 cho \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-va-cac-chi-so-ky-thuat-then-\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng): C \u2264 0,03%; Cr 16,5\u201318,5%; Ni 10\u201313%; Mo 2,0\u20132,5%; Mn \u2264 2%; Si \u2264 1%; N \u2264 0,10%. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cL\u201d) gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit Cr t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t khi h\u00e0n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u\/chu\u1ea9n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; UNS S31603; EN 1.4404; JIS SUS316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240\/A480; EN 10088-2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac: ASTM A312\/A213; ASME B36.19M (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, schedule).<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch: ASTM A182 F316L; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: ASTM A403 WP316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y Rp0.2 \u2248 170\u2013220 MPa; b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o Rm \u2248 485\u2013620 MPa; d\u00e3n d\u00e0i A50 \u2265 40%; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a kho\u1ea3ng 217 HB (\u2248 95 HRB). Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-chong-an-mon-trong-nuoc-bien-diem-manh-va-gioi-han\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>316L thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Austenitic c\u00f3 Mo (~2\u20132,5%) n\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (pitting) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304\/304L r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3,3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N. V\u1edbi 316L \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, PREN ~24\u201325; 304\/304L ch\u1ec9 ~18\u201319.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb PREN \u2265 32 cho chi ti\u1ebft ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (3,5% Cl\u2212). V\u00ec v\u1eady:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n\/s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt\/n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n cho ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u0129nh\/\u1ea5m, k\u1ebd h\u1edf ch\u1eb7t, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i; khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Duplex 2205 (PREN ~34\u201336), 904L\/6Mo, ho\u1eb7c Super Duplex 2507 t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ea1ng h\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf: d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf khe h\u1eb9p, gio\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec7m, k\u1eb9p c\u00e1p, bul\u00f4ng\u2013\u0111ai \u1ed1c che k\u00edn mu\u1ed1i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, gi\u1ea3m khe h\u1edf, ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (2B\/BA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng), v\u1ec7 sinh mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua (SCC): nguy c\u01a1 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean ~50\u201360\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl\u2212; 316L ch\u1ed1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304L nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201cmi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m\u201d. Tr\u00e1nh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u01b0, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u00e9p carbon, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2013niken trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. D\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, ch\u1ecdn bu l\u00f4ng\/\u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t 316\/316L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vi sinh (MIC): 316L kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng; duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/kh\u1eed khu\u1ea9n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-316l-dung-o-dau-tren-tau-la-toi-uu\">316L d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean t\u00e0u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, HVAC chiller water (Cl\u2212 th\u1ea5p\/trung b\u00ecnh).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u1eeda boong, v\u00f2i phun, v\u00f2i c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa, thang, lan can, tay v\u1ecbn, h\u1ed9p \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2013t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, k\u1eb9p c\u00e1p, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, galley\/khu b\u1ebfp, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh, m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trung gian cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt; v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc\/c\u1ee5m g\u00e1 h\u1ec7 RO (n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i: c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, b\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n xung quanh scrubber (d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda axit \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n 904L\/6Mo tr\u1edf l\u00ean).<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (ballast, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n, c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n duplex 2205, 6Mo ho\u1eb7c titan cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; 316L ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung (l\u00f3t, CP, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-so-sanh-316l-voi-cac-lua-chon-pho-bien\">So s\u00e1nh 316L v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n mu\u1ed1i; d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 ngay c\u1ea3 trong s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eadm. Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i boong.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n\/m\u1ea1: chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n khe, chi ph\u00ed d\u1eebng t\u00e0u cao. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ec7 \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o g\u1ea5p ~2 l\u1ea7n 316L; h\u00e0n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L\/6Mo v\u00e0 Super Duplex 2507: cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m\/kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t; chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Titan: \u201c\u0111\u1ec9nh\u201d v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n; r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u1edf b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t\/nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<br \/>\nK\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 316L l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1ecdt\u201d hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng\/gi\u00e1 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c bi\u1ec3n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt\/n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3. V\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-kha-nang-han-gia-cong-va-hoan-thien-be-mat-trong-x\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG, SMAW \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; d\u00f9ng que\/d\u00e2y ER\/E316L. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 (back purging) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u00e0u g\u1ed1c b\u1ea1c, gi\u1ea3m Cr m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp <150\u00b0C. 316L gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng \u201csensitization\u201d sau h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 316.\n- Gia c\u00f4ng: d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n, d\u1eadp; c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n. D\u00f9ng dao\/c\u1eaft d\u00e0nh cho inox, tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft (Fe) ch\u00e9o. Sau gia c\u00f4ng: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ASTM A380\/A967 (axit nitric\/citric) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.\n- B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: 2B\/pickled cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; No.4 cho chi ti\u1ebft trang b\u1ecb boong; bead-blast m\u1ecbn cho t\u1ee7\u2013v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t trong s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i.\n- Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n\/bu l\u00f4ng: d\u00f9ng 316\/316L \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9; tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-co-tinh-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-dac-tinh-khac\">C\u01a1 t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n\u2013\u0111\u1ed9 dai t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn ~300\u00b0C; dai va \u0111\u1eadp cao \u1edf l\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u (cryogenic) so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p ferritic.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ~870\u00b0C (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n), ~925\u00b0C (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p: h\u1eefu \u00edch g\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c\/\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc-tren-tau-vi-sao-316l-dang-tie\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) tr\u00ean t\u00e0u: v\u00ec sao 316L \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ec1n\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf thay th\u1ebf do r\u1ed7 s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p carbon \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng t\u00e0u: \u00edt can thi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u1edbn chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh: m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng r\u1eeda boong b\u1eb1ng 316L c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh >15 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3; v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n, chu k\u1ef3 s\u01a1n 3\u20135 n\u0103m v\u00e0 thay t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n do r\u1ec9 l\u00e0m chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n d\u00f9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-thiet-ke-de-316l-ben-nhat-trong-moi-truong-bien\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 316L b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khe h\u1edf, b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh g\u00f3c, h\u00e0n k\u00edn thay v\u00ec gh\u00e9p ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u; ch\u1ecdn gio\u0103ng\/\u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn\/nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 cao; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau l\u1eafp.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01a1i m\u01b0a\u2013n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-thong-so-dat-hang-khuyen-nghi-cho-du-an-dong-tau-t\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng: 316L theo ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m), ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng), EN 1.4404; k\u00e8m ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC 3.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: ASME B36.19M, l\u1ecbch 10S\/40S t\u00f9y \u00e1p; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u pickled &#038; passivated, n\u1ed9i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\/NDT theo chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: ASTM A403 WP316L; m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ASTM A182 F316L; bul\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c A4-70\/A4-80 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 316).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n: 2B ho\u1eb7c No.4; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau h\u00e0n; \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m Fe.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: d\u00f9ng filler 316L; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u back purge cho \u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t HAZ kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u0111en\/xanh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-khi-nao-can-nang-cap-vuot-316l\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u01b0\u1ee3t 316L?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t >30\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng: ch\u1ecdn Duplex 2205, 904L\/6Mo, 2507, ho\u1eb7c titan.<br \/>\n&#8211; EGCS\/scrubber wash water c\u00f3 pH th\u1ea5p + Cl\u2212\/SOx cao: 904L\/6Mo tr\u1edf l\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 PREN \u2265 32.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels in Seawater: Avoiding Pitting and Crevice Corrosion. https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Data sheet: Core 316\/316L (1.4401\/1.4404). https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A312\/A403\/A182 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 (1.4404) \u2013 Stainless steels. https:\/\/standards.iteh.ai (tra c\u1ee9u n\u1ed9i dung EN)<br \/>\n&#8211; ABS Rules for Materials and Welding \u2013 Acceptance of stainless steels in marine service. https:\/\/ww2.eagle.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 316L tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u v\u00ec ba l\u00fd do c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi 304 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, h\u00e0n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p sau h\u00e0n, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt\/n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cv\u1ea1n n\u0103ng\u201d cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, 316L bao ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean t\u00e0u; khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean duplex\/si\u00eau austenitic theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe h\u1edf, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap 316L \u0111\u1ea1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed d\u1eebng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 nhanh v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao Inox 316L g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e0n d\u1ec5, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n, chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p; k\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}