{"id":2231,"date":"2026-07-06T12:34:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T05:34:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-huong-dan-day-du\/"},"modified":"2026-07-06T12:34:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T05:34:45","slug":"tieu-chuan-asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-huong-dan-day-du","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-huong-dan-day-du\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nhung-phan-asme-ap-dung-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox\">Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vat-lieu-inox-theo-asme-section-ii\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox theo ASME Section II<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-thiet-ke-theo-asme-section-viii-division-1\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME Section VIII Division 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-che-tao-va-gia-cong-inox-theo-code\">Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng inox theo Code<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-kiem-tra-khong-pha-huy-va-thu-nghiem\">Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-dong-dau-ho-so-va-chung-nhan\">\u0110\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-khi-nao-can-division-23\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n Division 2\/3?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-checklist-trien-khai-du-an-binh-ap-luc-inox\">Checklist tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-vi-du-nhanh-khai-quat-binh-tron-5-m-6-bar-316l\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh (kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t): B\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n 5 m\u00b3, 6 bar, 316L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (inox) l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ASME khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng inox, k\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, h\u00e0n, NDE, th\u1eed \u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c U-Stamp, gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\/nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nhung-phan-asme-ap-dung-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox\">Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME BPVC Section VIII \u2013 Pressure Vessels:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Division 1: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Division 2: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n (\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ecfi, FEA, NDE m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Division 3: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho si\u00eau cao \u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section II: Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (Parts A, B, C, D).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section IX: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n (WPS\/PQR) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n (WPQ).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section V: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (NDE\/NDT).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASME B16.5\/B16.47 (m\u1eb7t b\u00edch), SA-193\/SA-194 (bu l\u00f4ng\/\u00ea-cu).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m inox), A312 (\u1ed1ng), A182 (r\u00e8n), A403 (ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n), A380\/A967 (t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n  &#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn: U-Stamp (ASME Authorized Inspector ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m), \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd National Board (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng), s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa theo NBIC.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vat-lieu-inox-theo-asme-section-ii\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox theo ASME Section II<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil: SA-240 lo\u1ea1i 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 321, 347, 904L; duplex S32205 (2205), super duplex S32750 (2507).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: SA-312 (seamless\/welded) c\u00f9ng m\u00e1c; \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n SA-358 (EWP).<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e8n: SA-182 F304\/L, F316\/L, F51 (duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh: SA-479; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: SA-403; Gang \u0111\u00fac: SA-351 (CF8\/CF8M) khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: L-grade (304L\/316L) gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i (sensitization) \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (HAZ), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/Cl- cao (\u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, gi\u00e0n khoan): \u01afu ti\u00ean 316L (m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba), t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 duplex 2205; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t\/kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t cao d\u00f9ng 904L, 6Mo ho\u1eb7c super duplex.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/axit: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/h\u1ed1 (pitting\/crevice) v\u00e0 PREN; 316L cho axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9, 904L ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim Ni cao cho axit m\u1ea1nh (H2SO4 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t: Xem nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p S theo Section II-D; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1t (321\/347) \u1edf v\u00f9ng 450\u2013850\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sour (H2S): B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c th\u1ecfa NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t).<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh\/clean service: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 MTR (EN 10204 3.1) theo SA-xxx; ki\u1ec3m tra PMI (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c), test c\u01a1 l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi duplex: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha (austenite\/ferrite), th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi inox austenitic h\u00e0n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ferrite (FN) t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh ASTM A262 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 urea-grade).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-thiet-ke-theo-asme-section-viii-division-1\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME Section VIII Division 1<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u00c1p su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (Design Pressure) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (Design Temperature).<br \/>\n&#8211; MAWP (\u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; Corrosion\/erosion allowance (CA), th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 0\u20133 mm v\u1edbi inox t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\/\u0103n m\u00f2n khe: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chi ti\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng CA.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC) b\u1edfi Cl-: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng SCC.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda)<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong (UG-27, Div.1):<br \/>\nt = (P \u00d7 R) \/ (S \u00d7 E \u2212 0.6 \u00d7 P)<br \/>\nTrong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n&#8211; t: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 CA), P: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, R: b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong, S: \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p (Section II-D), E: hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc.<br \/>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda (tham kh\u1ea3o): B\u00ecnh 316L, D trong = 1600 mm (R = 800 mm), P = 6 bar (0.6 MPa), S (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh minh h\u1ecda) = 120 MPa \u1edf 120\u00b0C, E = 0.85 (ch\u1ee5p RT c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9).<br \/>\n=> t = (0.6 \u00d7 0.8)\/(120 \u00d7 0.85 \u2212 0.36) \u2248 4.7 mm. C\u1ed9ng dung sai c\u00e1n (12.5%) v\u00e0 CA (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh 1 mm), ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a \u2248 8 mm. L\u01b0u \u00fd: lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb S ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ASME Section II-D b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang cho ch\u1ecfm theo quy t\u1eafc UG-32 (elliptical, torispherical, hemispherical c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c).<\/p>\n<h3>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (E) v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Category A\/B\/C\/D joints v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi RT\/UT theo UW-11 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh E. RT 100% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho E cao h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng v\u00e1t, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n theo UW-35, UW-36,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; S l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Section II-D theo m\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (\u0111\u00fac\/r\u00e8n\/t\u1ea5m), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi inox austenitic (UHA \u2013 high alloy steels): th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp cho gi\u00f2n l\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra MDMT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00eau trong UHA-66\/UCS-66 (xem \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i (ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo UG-28 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1p ngo\u00e0i \u1edf Section II-D. C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0nh t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3n m\u00e9o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-che-tao-va-gia-cong-inox-theo-code\">Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng inox theo Code<\/h2>\n<h3>H\u00e0n theo ASME Section IX<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp WPS d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PQR \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n\/oper. h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 WPQ h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p inox: GTAW (TIG) cho pass g\u1ed1c\/purge, GMAW\/FCAW\/SMAW\/SAW cho l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y; kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 s\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t O2 trong bu\u1ed3ng purge (th\u01b0\u1eddng < 50 ppm cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao).\n- V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n: ER308L\/309L\/316L\u2026 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp (interpass).\n- V\u1edbi duplex: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n\/G48.\n\n\n\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; U\u1ed1n\/d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan theo SA-240\/UHA (n\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon ch\u01b0a c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec7t\/heat tint sau h\u00e0n (m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 + pickling), th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a chloride cho v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00f3t\/clad inox tr\u00ean th\u00e9p carbon<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m clad roll-bonded ho\u1eb7c weld overlay; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy t\u1eafc UCL (cladding\/overlay), t\u00ednh CA \u1edf l\u1edbp inox, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pha lo\u00e3ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-kiem-tra-khong-pha-huy-va-thu-nghiem\">Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<h3>NDE theo Section V v\u00e0 VIII<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; PT (th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u m\u00e0u\/hu\u1ef3nh quang) r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p inox \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u00edt chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; RT\/UT theo ph\u1ea1m vi \u1edf UW-11; VT theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; MT kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho inox austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf Section VIII (tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Section V).<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed \u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eed k\u00edn<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c theo UG-99: th\u01b0\u1eddng 1.3 \u00d7 MAWP \u00d7 (S t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed \/ S t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed tr\u00e1nh gi\u00f2n l\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed kh\u00ed (UG-100) khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 1.1 \u00d7 MAWP k\u00e8m bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed r\u00f2 r\u1ec9: soap test, helium leak (khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn cao).<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf heat tint, bavia; \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp oxide Cr2O3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-dong-dau-ho-so-va-chung-nhan\">\u0110\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; U-Stamp: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ASME, AI gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed1c ki\u1ec3m tra; \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u00e3n theo UG-118.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Data Report: U-1\/U-1A, MDR (Material Data Report), WPS\/PQR\/WPQ, MTR, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o NDE, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed \u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; National Board Registration: khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\/s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa theo NBIC.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-khi-nao-can-division-23\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n Division 2\/3?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Division 2: khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (S cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n), ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecfi\/FEA, ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n cao (offshore, hydrocracker, b\u00ecnh thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; Division 3: si\u00eau cao \u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 H2 n\u00e9n r\u1ea5t cao, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u), \u00edt g\u1eb7p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-checklist-trien-khai-du-an-binh-ap-luc-inox\">Checklist tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/quy tr\u00ecnh, P\/T, MAWP, CA, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo SA-xxx; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1eb5n h\u00e0ng\/th\u1eddi gian.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn Division (1\/2), h\u1ec7 quy chu\u1ea9n b\u1ed5 sung (NACE, Class rules\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: th\u00e2n, ch\u1ecfm, nozzle, v\u00e0nh t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng, g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1; ch\u1ecdn E v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi NDE.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp WPS\/PQR theo Section IX; k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch QA\/QC v\u00e0 ITP c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m witness c\u1ee7a AI.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 MTR; PMI t\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng; l\u01b0u kho c\u00e1ch ly th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t purge, interpass; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; NDE theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch; s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u00e1p\/th\u1eed k\u00edn; l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u U-Stamp; ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 U-1A; b\u00e0n giao k\u00e8m MDR.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-vi-du-nhanh-khai-quat-binh-tron-5-m-6-bar-316l\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh (kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t): B\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n 5 m\u00b3, 6 bar, 316L<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1: D trong ~1600 mm, P thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 6 bar, T thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 120\u00b0C, CA = 1 mm, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u SA-240 316L; E = 0.85 (RT c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh th\u00e2n: d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c UG-27 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ~4.7 mm (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh S = 120 MPa \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda). C\u1ed9ng CA v\u00e0 dung sai c\u00e1n \u2192 ch\u1ecdn t danh ngh\u0129a \u2248 8 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecfm: 2:1 Elliptical theo UG-32 (t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc), th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n th\u00e2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW + GMAW, d\u00e2y ER316L; purge b\u1eb1ng argon, O2 < 50 ppm cho pass g\u1ed1c; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch heat tint, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.\n- Ki\u1ec3m tra: PT 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ngo\u00e0i, RT theo UW-11; th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c 1.3 \u00d7 MAWP \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo S.\n- \u0110\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u: U-Stamp, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 U-1A, MTR \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb S v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i tra \u0111\u00fang \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ASME hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a chloride \u2192 SCC: thay b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf heat tint sau h\u00e0n \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c pickling\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t purge \u2192 oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t trong (sugaring): theo d\u00f5i O2, d\u00f9ng backing\/purge dams.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn sai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n (308 thay 316) \u2192 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: ki\u1ec3m tra WPS\/m\u00e3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon chung \u2192 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft: t\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ri\u00eang inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebfu NDE theo UW-11 \u2192 gi\u1ea3m E, t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: t\u1ed1i \u01b0u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch RT\/UT.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME BPVC Section VIII \u2013 Pressure Vessels (Div.1\/2\/3): https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/bpvc-section-viii-pressure-vessels<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section II (Parts A\u2013D): https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/bpvc-section-ii-materials<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section IX \u2013 Welding Qualifications: https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/bpvc-section-ix-welding-and-brazing-qualifications<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section V \u2013 NDE: https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/bpvc-section-v-ndt<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B16.5 \u2013 Flanges: https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/b16-5-pipe-flanges-and-flanged-fittings<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A312, A380\/A967: https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (AMPP): https:\/\/ampp.org<br \/>\n&#8211; National Board (NBIC): https:\/\/www.nationalboard.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME cung c\u1ea5p khung to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng inox an to\u00e0n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (k\u00e8m MTR), t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo Section VIII (\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t S t\u1eeb Section II-D, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n E v\u00e0 CA h\u1ee3p l\u00fd), h\u00e0n\/QA theo Section IX, NDE v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p theo Section V\/VIII, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn U-Stamp v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n, n\u1ee9t, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thi c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u2013 NDE \u2013 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t SA-xxx, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y theo E\/RT, hay thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp WPS\/PQR cho inox? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ASME Section VIII, IX, V cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng inox: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, h\u00e0n, NDE, th\u1eed \u00e1p, U-Stamp v\u00e0 checklist d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}