{"id":2233,"date":"2026-07-07T00:34:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T17:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chon-mac-inox-chiu-nhiet-toi-uu-cho-lo-hoi-va-lo-nung-cong-nghiep\/"},"modified":"2026-07-07T00:34:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T17:34:32","slug":"chon-mac-inox-chiu-nhiet-toi-uu-cho-lo-hoi-va-lo-nung-cong-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chon-mac-inox-chiu-nhiet-toi-uu-cho-lo-hoi-va-lo-nung-cong-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-khi-chon-inox-chiu-nhiet\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi ch\u1ecdn inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-cac-nhom-inox-chiu-nhiet-dung-nhieu-cho-lo-hoi-lo-\">C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, l\u00f2 nung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khuyen-nghi-theo-vi-tri-lam-viec\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tieu-chuan-vat-lieu-dang-hang-va-ky-hieu-mua-hang\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u mua h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-han-gia-cong-va-lap-dat\">H\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-moi-truong-khi-dac-thu-va-chon-mac\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-chi-phi-vong-doi-tham-chieu-tuong-doi-va-san-hang\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (tham chi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-checklist-nhanh-chon-mac-theo-nhiet-do-lam-viec-li\">Checklist nhanh ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u), l\u00f2 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o, ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd h\u00e0n\/l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u2014 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-khi-chon-inox-chiu-nhiet\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi ch\u1ecdn inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3: ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t (start\/stop).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a\/\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr, Si, Al v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxide b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng carbur h\u00f3a\/nitrid h\u00f3a: c\u1ea7n Ni cao cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u C; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng NH3\/HCN c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o (creep strength) \u1edf 550\u2013750\u00b0C (\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 h\u01a1i): \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u00e1c H ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a Ti\/Nb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng sunfit h\u00f3a (SO2\/SO3\/H2S\/ash ch\u1ee9a V, Na): ferritic Cr cao (446) kh\u00e1ng sunfit t\u1ed1t; Ni cao k\u00e9m h\u01a1n trong sunfit.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t\/nhanh ngu\u1ed9i: austenitic ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ferritic; h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (tr\u00e1nh sigma phase 600\u2013900\u00b0C \u1edf th\u00e9p Cr cao), h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1eb5n ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-cac-nhom-inox-chiu-nhiet-dung-nhieu-cho-lo-hoi-lo-\">C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, l\u00f2 nung<\/h2>\n<h3>Austenitic cho d\u1ea3i 550\u20131150\u00b0C: 304H, 321\/321H, 347\/347H, 309S, 310S, 253MA<\/h3>\n<p>1) 304H (UNS S30409)<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n C cao (\u22480,04\u20130,10%) c\u1ee7a 304, t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: \u0111\u1ebfn ~850\u00b0C (\u00f4xy h\u00f3a), v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t cho 550\u2013700\u00b0C (si\u00eau nhi\u1ec7t, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t\/\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (ASME SA213 TP304H).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: n\u1ebfu h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u\/gi\u1eef 600\u2013800\u00b0C l\u00e2u, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 321\/347 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>2) 321\/321H (UNS S32100\/S32109) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a Ti<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: Ti \u201ckh\u00f3a\u201d cacbit, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m; b\u1ea3n H t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: ~870\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p 600\u2013850\u00b0C (si\u00eau nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed1ng\/t\u1ea5m cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t cao, \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 l\u00f2 nung.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: d\u00f9ng que ER321\/E321 ho\u1eb7c ER347 khi c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh h\u00e0n chung.<\/p>\n<p>3) 347\/347H (UNS S34700\/S34709) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a Nb(Cb)<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: Nb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o h\u01a1n 321 \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: ~900\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho si\u00eau nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t TP347H\/TP347HFG (h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn) trong USC\/\u0111i\u1ec7n than.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed1ng si\u00eau nhi\u1ec7t\/reheater, header n\u00f3ng; t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p v\u00f9ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: d\u00f9ng ER347\/E347.<\/p>\n<p>4) 309S (UNS S30908) \u2013 Cr\/Ni cao cho l\u00f2 nung<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: ~23%Cr\u201313%Ni; \u201cS\u201d l\u00e0 C th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: ~1000\u20131035\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; ch\u1ecbu carbur h\u00f3a kh\u00e1, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: t\u1ea5m\/gi\u1ecf\/gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 trong l\u00f2 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, muffles, \u1ed1ng radiant t\u1ea3i v\u1eeba; v\u00e1ch l\u00f3t bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: trong kh\u00ed sunfit n\u1eb7ng, xem x\u00e9t ferritic Cr cao.<\/p>\n<p>5) 310S (UNS S31008) \u2013 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: ~25%Cr\u201320%Ni; r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n \u00f4xy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 carbur h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: ~1050\u20131100\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n cho ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed1ng radiant, p\u00e1t treo, m\u00e1ng nung, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n l\u00f2, mi\u1ec7ng l\u00f2\/\u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n 309S; trong sunfit n\u1eb7ng, Ni cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>6) 253MA (UNS S30815) \u2013 h\u1ee3p kim Si+REM ch\u1ecbu \u00f4xy h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: th\u00eam Si, N v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm (REM) t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxide b\u1ec1n, b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: ch\u1ecbu \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn ~1150\u00b0C; hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t 309S\/310S trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5m\/thanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u00f2, gi\u1ecf\/th\u00f9ng, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, thanh \u0111\u1ee1 trong v\u00f9ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1; n\u01a1i chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t; h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ER309\/ER310\/ERNiCr-3 t\u00f9y li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h3>Ferritic cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sunfit\/\u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u0129nh: 446<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 446 (UNS S44600) \u2013 ~26%Cr, r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn ~1100\u00b0C, kh\u00e1ng sunfit\/Cloride kh\u00f4 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u0129nh \u00edt t\u1ea3i; \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, c\u1ed5 \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o th\u1ea5p >850\u00b0C (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, h\u00e0n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n austenitic (c\u1ea7n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec7m austenitic nh\u01b0 ER309).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khuyen-nghi-theo-vi-tri-lam-viec\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00f2 h\u01a1i (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p)<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng economizer (\u2264350\u2013400\u00b0C): th\u00e9p cacbon\/low-alloy kinh t\u1ebf; inox ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 clo\/\u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t\/\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i 550\u2013650\u00b0C: \u01b0u ti\u00ean TP321H ho\u1eb7c TP347H; thay th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf TP304H khi s\u1ea1ch l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u1edf 600\u2013800\u00b0C l\u00e2u sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Header\/v\u00e1ch v\u00f9ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 600\u2013800\u00b0C, c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t: 347\/347H.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed c\u00f3 H2S\/SO2\/ash gi\u00e0u V: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang ferritic Cr cao \u1edf chi ti\u1ebft t\u0129nh; cho chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o n\u00ean t\u0103ng Cr trong austenitic (309\/310) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tro.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f2 nung c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, xi m\u0103ng, h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00fac)<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng radiant, gi\u00e0n treo g\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda 950\u20131100\u00b0C: 310S ho\u1eb7c 253MA; v\u1edbi kh\u00ed gi\u00e0u C, 310S \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; Muffles, gi\u1ecf\/khay, b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i 900\u20131100\u00b0C, chu k\u1ef3 d\u00e0y: 253MA; thay th\u1ebf 309S\/310S khi \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng bong oxide d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00e1ch l\u00f2, p\u00e1t treo, t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn 850\u20131050\u00b0C: 309S kinh t\u1ebf; 310S khi g\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sunfit kh\u00f4, t\u1ea3i t\u0129nh: 446 cho t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1p; tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng cho t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o nhi\u1ec7t cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tieu-chuan-vat-lieu-dang-hang-va-ky-hieu-mua-hang\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u mua h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng l\u00f2 h\u01a1i\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: ASME\/ASTM SA\/TP A213 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 TP321H, TP347H, TP304H, TP310S, TP309S).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac cho h\u1ec7 \u1ed1ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng: ASTM A312 (S32109, S34709, S31008, S30908).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/thanh: ASTM A240 (S32109, S34709, S31008, S30908, S30815), ASTM A479 (thanh).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: No.1 (c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng) cho ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t; 2B khi c\u1ea7n gia c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: t\u00ednh d\u01b0 oxy h\u00f3a 0,1\u20130,3 mm\/m\u1eb7t\/n\u0103m \u1edf 1000\u20131100\u00b0C t\u00f9y m\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed; t\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t\/s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-han-gia-cong-va-lap-dat\">H\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  + 321: ER321\/E321; 347: ER347\/E347; 304H: ER308H\/ER347 khi c\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n  + 309S\/310S\/253MA: d\u00f9ng ER309\/ER310; khi gh\u00e9p kh\u00e1c m\u00e1c, ch\u1ecdn que \u201cover-alloyed\u201d (E309\/E310) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  + 446: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n austenitic (E309) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00f2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n preheat; kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp <150\u2013200\u00b0C cho ferritic; kh\u00f4ng PWHT cho austenitic.  \n- X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/passat h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m Fe.  \n- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (austenitic c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ~16\u201317 \u00b5m\/m.K), khe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ef1 do; gi\u1ea3m g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.  \n- L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong l\u00f2: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng, cho ph\u00e9p co gi\u00e3n, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed khe h\u1edf cho bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-moi-truong-khi-dac-thu-va-chon-mac\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Carbur h\u00f3a (gi\u00e0u CO\/CH4\/C2H2): 310S \u2265 309S > 253MA > 321\/347 >> ferritic; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nitrid h\u00f3a (NH3, cracking ammonia): austenitic chung k\u00e9m; \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng; 253MA t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304\/321 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sunfit h\u00f3a (SO2\/SO3\/H2S, tro vanadi\/ki\u1ec1m): 446 v\u00e0 austenitic Cr cao nh\u01b0ng Ni th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n; 309S h\u01a1n 310S trong sunfit n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Oxy h\u00f3a kh\u00f4, chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t: 253MA t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh oxide; 310S t\u1ed1t cho ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-chi-phi-vong-doi-tham-chieu-tuong-doi-va-san-hang\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (tham chi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (304H = 1,0): 321\/347 \u2248 1,1\u20131,3; 309S \u2248 1,5\u20131,7; 310S \u2248 1,9\u20132,2; 253MA \u2248 2,1\u20132,5; 446 \u2248 1,2\u20131,4.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ee3i \u00fd: t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo LCC, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2014 chi ph\u00ed d\u1eebng l\u00f2 thay th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\/H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: 309S\u2013310S c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n; 321\/347, 304H, 253MA, 446 th\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lead time.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-checklist-nhanh-chon-mac-theo-nhiet-do-lam-viec-li\">Checklist nhanh ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 550\u2013700\u00b0C (r\u00e3o chi ph\u1ed1i, l\u00f2 h\u01a1i): 321H ho\u1eb7c 347H; thay th\u1ebf 304H khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch S.<br \/>\n&#8211; 700\u2013900\u00b0C (kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t): 347\/347H; 309S n\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<br \/>\n&#8211; 900\u20131035\u00b0C (l\u00f2 nung n\u00f3i chung): 309S; chuy\u1ec3n 310S khi g\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c carbur h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; 1035\u20131100\u00b0C (b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\/chu k\u1ef3 d\u00e0y): 310S ho\u1eb7c 253MA.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sunfit kh\u00f4, chi ti\u1ebft t\u0129nh: 446.<br \/>\n&#8211; Carbur h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 310S; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook, Heat-resisting grades: https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com\/stainless-news\/knowledge-handbook<br \/>\n&#8211; Sandvik\/Alleima 253MA (UNS S30815) datasheet: https:\/\/www.alleima.com\/en\/products\/material-center\/stainless-steel\/high-temperature-stainless-steels\/253-ma\/<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM\/ASME standards (A213, A312, A240): https:\/\/www.astm.org\/ and https:\/\/www.asme.org\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 High temperature corrosion of stainless steels: https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Special Metals\/RA materials application notes for furnaces: https:\/\/www.specialmetals.com\/<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00f2 h\u01a1i 550\u2013700\u00b0C: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 321H\/347H (b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a); 304H l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kinh t\u1ebf khi kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch S.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 nung 900\u20131100\u00b0C: 309S cho v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng chung; 310S ho\u1eb7c 253MA cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\/chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed gi\u00e0u C.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sunfit v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft t\u0129nh: 446 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u00f4xy h\u00f3a\/sunfit nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea3i r\u00e3o cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c + thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf + quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3m d\u1eebng l\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n nhanh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn 304H, 321\/347, 309S, 310S, 253MA, 446 cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung: d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, r\u00e3o, h\u00e0n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/ASME, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2233"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}