{"id":2235,"date":"2026-07-07T12:34:06","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T05:34:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chon-inox-cho-he-xu-ly-khi-thai-nuoc-thai-cong-nghiep-hieu-qua\/"},"modified":"2026-07-07T12:34:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T05:34:06","slug":"chon-inox-cho-he-xu-ly-khi-thai-nuoc-thai-cong-nghiep-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chon-inox-cho-he-xu-ly-khi-thai-nuoc-thai-cong-nghiep-hieu-qua\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ecdn inox cho h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tai-sao-inox-la-lua-chon-mac-dinh-cho-xu-ly-khi-va\">T\u1ea1i sao inox l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-co-che-an-mon-dac-thu-trong-he-xu-ly-khi-thai\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-an-mon-va-chon-inox-trong-he-xu-ly-nuoc-thai\">\u0102n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn inox trong h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tieu-chuan-nghiem-thu-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-vat-lieu-thay-the\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc-va-toi-uu-ngan-sach\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-quy-trinh-5-buoc-chon-inox-dung-ngay-tu-dau\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn inox \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cac-loi-pho-bien-can-tranh\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-vi-du-ap-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng si\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tai-sao-inox-la-lua-chon-mac-dinh-cho-xu-ly-khi-va\">T\u1ea1i sao inox l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n do SOx, NOx, HCl\/HF, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 axit, clorua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n\/n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n sinh h\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 cao, ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u00f9n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea1ch cao (FGD), tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 15\u201330 n\u0103m khi ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n; c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (ASTM\/EN\/ASME).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-co-che-an-mon-dac-thu-trong-he-xu-ly-khi-thai\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 axit (dew point corrosion): H2SO4, HCl ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u1edf 80\u2013160\u00b0C g\u00e2y r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u1edf \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn sau quench.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 clorua: trong FGD \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i\u2013th\u1ea1ch cao, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t, kh\u00ed t\u1eeb luy\u1ec7n kim; clorua 1.000\u2013>20.000 ppm th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 SCC.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0i m\u00f2n\u2013x\u00f3i m\u00f2n: h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn (b\u1ee5i, th\u1ea1ch cao), tia phun l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng\/venturi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu k\u1ef3 \u01b0\u1edbt\u2013kh\u00f4: l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c, r\u1ed7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u00e9p m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h3>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u00e1c inox cho kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 FGD<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng kh\u00f3i\/\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed kh\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 321\/347: 450\u2013850\u00b0C (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh titan\/niobi ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u1ea1t).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 310S: t\u1edbi ~1.000\u00b0C cho v\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng, oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 axit 60\u2013150\u00b0C, clorua th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L\/317L: ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304L; d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn sau b\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00ed\u2013kh\u00ed, v\u00f9ng r\u1ee7i ro H2SO4.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbt (FGD, quench, th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec7m, \u1ed1ng phun, t\u00e1ch s\u01b0\u01a1ng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205 (EN 1.4462): l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho v\u1ecf th\u00e1p, \u1ed1ng g\u00f3p, \u1ed1ng ch\u1eb1ng; ch\u1ecbu clorua 1.000\u201310.000 ppm \u1edf 40\u201370\u00b0C; b\u1ec1n m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Super austenitic 904L (1.4539) ho\u1eb7c 254 SMO (6Mo, 1.4547): khi clorua >15.000\u201320.000 ppm ho\u1eb7c r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 HCl cao; 254 SMO c\u00f3 PREN ~43\u201345, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00f9ng t\u00e1ch s\u01b0\u01a1ng\/\u0111\u1ea7u phun kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Piping r\u1eeda demister\/spray header: 316L n\u1ebfu Cl- th\u1ea5p; n\u00e2ng l\u00ean 2205 khi Cl- >2.000 ppm ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 SO2 cao.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: PREN = %Cr + 3,3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N; PREN cao h\u01a1n \u2192 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. 316L ~24, 2205 ~35, 904L ~34\u201336, 254 SMO ~43\u201345.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho h\u1ec7 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf: m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay v\u00ec bulong\u2013\u0111\u1ec7m; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m, ch\u1ecdn PTFE\/EPDM v\u00e0 si\u1ebft k\u00edn.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eabn tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng: b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u1ed1c, l\u1ed7 x\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c\/va \u0111\u1eadp h\u1ea1t: t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t ch\u1ecbu m\u00f2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ecdn duplex cho v\u00f9ng phun\/venturi.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng CUI: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clorua h\u00f2a tan th\u1ea5p, k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc; b\u1ecdc k\u00edn tr\u00e1nh \u1ea9m. CUI + clorua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y SCC ngay v\u1edbi 304\/316 \u1edf 60\u2013120\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-an-mon-va-chon-inox-trong-he-xu-ly-nuoc-thai\">\u0102n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn inox trong h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng pH (2\u201312), clorua cao (th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m, ven bi\u1ec3n), ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a (NaClO, ClO2), sulfua\/H2S (k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed) v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n (MIC).<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh: \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd do clorua, SCC do hypochlorite, MIC t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9\/\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0i m\u00f2n do c\u00e1t\/b\u00f9n.<\/p>\n<h3>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, lan can, song ch\u1eafn r\u00e1c, m\u00e1ng tr\u00e0n, b\u1eadc l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng: 304\/304L, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec3\/aeration grid, tay g\u1ea1t b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng, \u1ed1ng siphon, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i chung: 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n\/nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n, d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m, m\u1ea1 kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n: duplex 2205 cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u01a1m\u2013van\u2013piping tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng NaClO\/ClO2\/hypochlorite:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh inox cho b\u1ec3\/tank\/h\u1ec7 ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c; \u01b0u ti\u00ean FRP\/CPVC\/PE ho\u1eb7c titan Gr.2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (v\u00e0i mg\/L) trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn: 316L\/2205 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pH, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 <30\u00b0C v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed1t; tr\u00e1nh \u201cs\u1ed1c clo\u201d.\n- H\u1ea7m k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc (H2S, NH3): 316L ho\u1eb7c 2205 t\u00f9y clorua; th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t v\u00f9ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 acid.\n\n\n\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240\/A240M; \u1ed1ng: ASTM A312\/A312M; ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: ASTM A403; thanh: ASTM A276; ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 EN 10204 3.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng que\/d\u00e2y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: ER308L\/309L cho 304, ER316L cho 316L, ER2209 cho 2205, ER385 cho 904L, ER2594 cho 2507.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Back purging b\u1eb1ng Argon cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0u \u00f4xy h\u00f3a (heat tint); ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha duplex.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/pickling v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ASTM A380\/A967) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eb7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox; che ph\u1ee7 khi c\u1eaft m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u00e1p\/hydrotest:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 Cl- th\u1ea5p (<50 ppm v\u1edbi 316L, <300 ppm v\u1edbi 2205), x\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 ngay; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.\n- M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bulong:\n  - Gasket PTFE\/EPDM; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cao su ch\u1ee9a halogen \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.\n  - Bulong inox c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u; tr\u00e1nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng\/nh\u00f4m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u1edbt; d\u00f9ng long \u0111en c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n khi c\u1ea7n.\n\n\n\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1ecbn (Ra \u2264 0,8\u20131,2 \u00b5m) cho chi ti\u1ebft ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbt\u2013kh\u00f4; x\u1ea3 r\u1eeda sau khi d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tieu-chuan-nghiem-thu-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\/m\u00e1c (PMI) t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 2205\/904L\/6Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite 30\u201360% t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n ASTM G48 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u\/si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; th\u1eed k\u00edn; s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u MTC theo l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-vat-lieu-thay-the\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e9p carbon + l\u00f3t cao su\/FRP: chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro bong l\u00f3t, kh\u00f3 s\u1eeda t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y; k\u00e9m ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\/va \u0111\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; FRP: kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb9; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >100\u00b0C, m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, va \u0111\u1eadp, n\u1ed1i b\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo (HDPE\/PP\/PVDF\/CPVC): t\u1ed1t cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9\/nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u01a1\u2013nhi\u1ec7t; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn\/\u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox: chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trung b\u00ecnh\u2013cao, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1n \u0111a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t\/c\u01a1 t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu (LCC) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong 10\u201320 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc-va-toi-uu-ngan-sach\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 2205 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y 20\u201335% nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gia c\u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n: thay l\u00f3t, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t do r\u00f2 r\u1ec9\/\u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1u c\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp LCC 10\u201320 n\u0103m: nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n FGD v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i cho th\u1ea5y LCC c\u1ee7a 2205\/316L th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10\u201330% so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon l\u00f3t\/FRP khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee7 downtime v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-quy-trinh-5-buoc-chon-inox-dung-ngay-tu-dau\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn inox \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, pH, Cl-, SOx\/NOx\/HCl, chu k\u1ef3 \u01b0\u1edbt\u2013kh\u00f4, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn.<br \/>\n2) Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n: 304L \u2192 316L \u2192 2205 \u2192 904L\/254 SMO.<br \/>\n3) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n4) Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00e0n, pickling\/passivation, th\u1eed \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Cl- th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n5) L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec7 sinh\u2013b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cac-loi-pho-bien-can-tranh\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 304 g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n\/n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hypochlorite: d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/SCC.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u \u00f4xy h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n: gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ed7 s\u1edbm.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ed1c clo b\u1ec3\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng 316L \u1edf >30\u00b0C: g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pha t\u1ea1p th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox khi gia c\u00f4ng\/v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng back purge khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng: r\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t trong, h\u1ecfng nhanh \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-vi-du-ap-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 FGD nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than ven bi\u1ec3n: v\u1ecf th\u00e1p, \u1ed1ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbt d\u00f9ng duplex 2205; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u1eeda demister b\u1eb1ng 316L ho\u1eb7c 2205 t\u00f9y Cl-, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf >20 n\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m: lan can\u2013m\u00e1ng 304L; b\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i m\u1eb7n 316L; khu v\u1ef1c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdn 2205; h\u1ec7 ch\u00e2m NaClO d\u00f9ng CPVC\/FRP \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh SCC.<\/p>\n<h3>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Design Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Stainless Steels (Publication No. 9002): https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels in Municipal Wastewater Treatment: https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/SCC)<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Handbook of Stainless Steel &#038; Corrosion Guide (FGD, PREN, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duplex\/6Mo): https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Euro Inox \u2013 Stainless Steel in Sewage Treatment Plants: https:\/\/www.euro-inox.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A312, A403, A380, A967 \u2013 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: https:\/\/www.astm.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n chi ph\u1ed1i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u201ckh\u00f4ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf\u201d, h\u00e0n\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; 2205 l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d cho FGD v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua cao; 904L\/254 SMO d\u00f9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m LCC, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn inox 304L\/316L\/2205\/904L cho th\u00e1p FGD, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, b\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2235\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}