{"id":2304,"date":"2026-07-21T12:33:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-21T05:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/"},"modified":"2026-07-21T12:33:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T05:33:32","slug":"vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng &#038; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2304&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng \\u0026amp; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Vi_sao_bat_buoc_phai_xu_ly_moi_han_Inox\" >V\u00ec sao b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Tay_trang_Pickling_va_Thu_dong_hoa_Passivation_khac_nhau_the_nao\" >T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (Pickling) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Passivation) kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Cac_phuong_phap_xu_ly_moi_han_Inox\" >C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#1_Xu_ly_co_hoc_mai_chai_danh_bong\" >1) X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (m\u00e0i, ch\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#2_Tay_hoa_hoc_bang_axit_geldung_dich_phunngam\" >2) T\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng axit (gel\/dung d\u1ecbch phun\/ng\u00e2m)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#3_Tay_moi_han_dien_hoa_electrochemical_weld_cleaning\" >3) T\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (electrochemical weld cleaning)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#4_Danh_bong_dien_hoa_electropolishing_%E2%80%93_tuy_chon_nang_cao\" >4) \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (electropolishing) \u2013 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e2ng cao<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Thu_dong_hoa_Passivation_muc_tieu_hoa_chat_va_dieu_kien\" >Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Passivation): m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Quy_trinh_chuan_sau_han_SOP_de_xuat\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n sau h\u00e0n: SOP \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Thong_so_goi_y_theo_mac_thep_va_moi_truong\" >Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Kiem_tra_va_nghiem_thu_be_mat_sau_xu_ly\" >Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#An_toan_moi_truong_va_phap_ly\" >An to\u00e0n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\" >L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Vi_du_nhanh_Chi_phi_%E2%80%93_loi_ich\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox-huong-dan-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa-day-du\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-bat-buoc-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">V\u00ec sao b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tay-trang-pickling-va-thu-dong-hoa-passivation-kha\">T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (Pickling) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Passivation) kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-cac-phuong-phap-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thu-dong-hoa-passivation-muc-tieu-hoa-chat-va-dieu\">Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Passivation): m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-trinh-chuan-sau-han-sop-de-xuat\">Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n sau h\u00e0n: SOP \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-thong-so-goi-y-theo-mac-thep-va-moi-truong\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-kiem-tra-va-nghiem-thu-be-mat-sau-xu-ly\">Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-an-toan-moi-truong-va-phap-ly\">An to\u00e0n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-vi-du-nhanh-chi-phi-loi-ich\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u00e0n l\u1eafp Inox n\u00e0o, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n. Nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0n t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint), oxit v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ed1c Cr2O3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d, r\u1ec9 loang, \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ven bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-bat-buoc-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_bat_buoc_phai_xu_ly_moi_han_Inox\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t\/oxit h\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3, t\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o cr\u00f4m ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon, x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, b\u1eafn t\u00f3e l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u (tea staining) d\u00f9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m t\u0103ng quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i\/ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ed1p.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0 loang ch\u1ec9 sau 2\u20134 tu\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi 304 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3; trong b\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM A380\/A380M, ASTM A967\/A967M; Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for welded stainless steel; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tay-trang-pickling-va-thu-dong-hoa-passivation-kha\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tay_trang_Pickling_va_Thu_dong_hoa_Passivation_khac_nhau_the_nao\"><\/span>T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (Pickling) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Passivation) kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng inox): d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit m\u00e0u, x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecfng b\u1ecb kh\u1eed Cr ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation): t\u1ea1o\/l\u00e0m d\u00e0y l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n s\u1ea1ch sau t\u1ea9y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng axit nitric\/citric theo chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 nhau. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch oxit s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-cac-phuong-phap-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_phuong_phap_xu_ly_moi_han_Inox\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Xu_ly_co_hoc_mai_chai_danh_bong\"><\/span>1) X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (m\u00e0i, ch\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn, flap disc, n\u1ec9, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m; b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: lo\u1ea1i b\u1eafn t\u00f3e\/x\u1ec9, h\u1ea1 nh\u00e1m, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00e1y\u201d b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; nhi\u1ec7t ma s\u00e1t cao l\u1ea1i sinh m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o Cr.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Tay_hoa_hoc_bang_axit_geldung_dich_phunngam\"><\/span>2) T\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng axit (gel\/dung d\u1ecbch phun\/ng\u00e2m)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh gel t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: 5\u201313% HF + 8\u201325% HNO3; d\u1ea1ng dung d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2m\/phun c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 1\u20138% HF + 8\u201315% HNO3 (t\u00f9y nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gel\/paste: b\u00f4i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00ean m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, ti\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\/\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Phun: cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1edbn, l\u01b0u \u00fd che ch\u1eafn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ng\u00e2m: chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf\/series, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tham kh\u1ea3o \u1edf 20\u201325\u00b0C:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0u r\u01a1m \u2013 xanh nh\u1ea1t: 5\u201315 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Xanh t\u00edm \u2013 \u0111en: 15\u201345 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex\/316 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp oxit: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 30\u201360 ph\u00fat; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau t\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn pH trung t\u00ednh, r\u1ed3i trung h\u00f2a ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (NaHCO3) n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng gel c\u00f3 HF.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n TIG\/MIG c\u00f3 heat tint; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: ASTM A380; BSSA Pickling and Passivation; datasheet nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t pickling.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Tay_moi_han_dien_hoa_electrochemical_weld_cleaning\"><\/span>3) T\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (electrochemical weld cleaning)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u\/AC th\u1ea5p \u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u00fat \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit y\u1ebfu (th\u01b0\u1eddng phosphoric + sulfuric\/citric), v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch oxit v\u1eeba \u201cl\u00e0m s\u00e1ng\u201d b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: nhanh, \u00edt kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n HF\/HNO3, \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u00edt b\u1eafn t\u00f3e h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c thao t\u00e1c; kh\u00f3 cho khe h\u1eb9p s\u00e2u; kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf pickling h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp oxit n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Danh_bong_dien_hoa_electropolishing_%E2%80%93_tuy_chon_nang_cao\"><\/span>4) \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (electropolishing) \u2013 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e2ng cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f2a tan ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u00e1m \u1edf m\u1ee9c vi m\u00f4, gi\u1ea3m Ra 30\u201350%, t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh cao (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c) ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u00ed ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o: ISO 15730.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thu-dong-hoa-passivation-muc-tieu-hoa-chat-va-dieu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thu_dong_hoa_Passivation_muc_tieu_hoa_chat_va_dieu_kien\"><\/span>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Passivation): m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp Cr2O3 d\u00e0y, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, gi\u00e0u Cr tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nitric: 20\u201325% HNO3, 20\u201330\u00b0C, 20\u201330 ph\u00fat; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch sau x\u1eed l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhanh, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Citric: 4\u201310% acid citric, 20\u201360\u00b0C, 30\u201390 ph\u00fat; an to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1c austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed 24\u201348 gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean passivation h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: ASTM A967\/A967M (nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p passivation, k\u00e8m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m), ASTM A380 (quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-trinh-chuan-sau-han-sop-de-xuat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_chuan_sau_han_SOP_de_xuat\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n sau h\u00e0n: SOP \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1) C\u00f4 l\u1eadp khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an to\u00e0n:<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb PPE: k\u00ednh, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, g\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n; th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Che ch\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xung quanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t k\u00ednh\/nh\u00f4m\/s\u01a1n.<br \/>\n2) Ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc:<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea1o x\u1ec9\/b\u1eafn t\u00f3e; m\u00e0i tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m\/trung t\u00ednh, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n3) T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn gel\/dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c oxit.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00f4i\/phun\/nh\u00fang: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba (th\u1eed tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft th\u00fac: r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch; trung h\u00f2a ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 HF; ki\u1ec3m tra pH b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/\u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc ~6\u20138.<br \/>\n4) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nitric ho\u1eb7c citric theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean; gi\u1eef \u1ea9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea1m tay tr\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n5) Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tinh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bao g\u00f3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft v\u00e0 clorua trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n6) L\u01b0u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, l\u00f4, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-thong-so-goi-y-theo-mac-thep-va-moi-truong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_so_goi_y_theo_mac_thep_va_moi_truong\"><\/span>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4: t\u1ea9y nh\u1eb9 + passivation citric c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n: t\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (HF\/HNO3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p) + passivation nitric; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n 316\/duplex n\u1ebfu phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: pickling k\u1ef9 + passivation nitric\/citric n\u00e2ng cao; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: pickling kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n; c\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u01b0u ti\u00ean; lu\u00f4n r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 passivation.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 pickling; lu\u00f4n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-kiem-tra-va-nghiem-thu-be-mat-sau-xu-ly\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_tra_va_nghiem_thu_be_mat_sau_xu_ly\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau x\u1eed l\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c: kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7t axit, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng m\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u201cwater-break\u201d: n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdng gi\u1ecdt -> b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (ASTM A967, Practice C\/F): ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do; kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m: Ra \u2264 0,8 \u00b5m cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n): kit \u0111o clorua tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd pH n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i 6\u20139, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-an-toan-moi-truong-va-phap-ly\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_toan_moi_truong_va_phap_ly\"><\/span>An to\u00e0n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; HF c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n; chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n gel canxi gluconat theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu gom n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i: trung h\u00f2a pH 6\u20139; k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a fluoride b\u1eb1ng Ca(OH)2\/CaCl2 t\u1ea1o CaF2 r\u1eafn; giao \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nguy h\u1ea1i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p citric ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: ASTM A380\/A967; BSSA Safety in pickling; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Nickel Institute.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\"><\/span>L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: heat tint c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i -> \u1ed1 tr\u00e0 nhanh. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: pickling v\u00e0 passivation l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p carbon: g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: thay d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 Inox-only, th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 sau gel HF: v\u1ec7t loang\/tr\u1eafng. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c + trung h\u00f2a ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f2n d\u1ea7u: m\u00e0ng k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/ki\u1ec3m tra water-break tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian axit qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u tr\u00ean duplex: r\u1ed7\/b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-vi-du-nhanh-chi-phi-loi-ich\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_nhanh_Chi_phi_%E2%80%93_loi_ich\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng 3\u20138% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia c\u00f4ng Inox, nh\u01b0ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m >50% s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1ed1 tr\u00e0\/b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh, tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro d\u1eebng m\u00e1y trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua passivation n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 pickling? Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. Pickling l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1edbp ngh\u00e8o Cr; passivation m\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u00e0ng Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/bi\u1ec3n\/th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u00ean passivation h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf pickling HF\/HNO3? V\u1edbi heat tint nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi oxit n\u1eb7ng\/khe s\u00e2u, pickling h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u g\u1ed3m: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o Cr, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) theo ASTM A380\/A967, ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u1ec7m thu k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa gel HF\/HNO3, citric, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a hay electropolishing ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, m\u1ee9c oxit, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u1eeba \u1ed1 tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh:<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M: Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M: Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA): Pickling and Passivation of Stainless Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines for welded stainless steels; Stainless Steel and Corrosion resources.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 15730: Electropolishing of stainless steels \u2014 Specifications.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n do m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ASTM, k\u00e8m th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1029,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2304\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}