{"id":2306,"date":"2026-07-22T00:34:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-21T17:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T00:34:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T17:34:38","slug":"huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn que, d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c: 308L, 316L, 309L"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2306&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn que, d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c: 308L, 316L, 309L&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#1_Cach_doc_ma_filler_theo_AWSISO_nam_dung_goc_chon_dung_mac\" >1) C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 filler theo AWS\/ISO (n\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#2_Nguyen_tac_vang_chon_queday_han_Inox\" >2) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#3_Khuyen_nghi_theo_tung_mac_thep_Inox_pho_bien\" >3) Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c th\u00e9p Inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#31_Austenitic_200300_series\" >3.1 Austenitic 200\/300 series<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#32_Ferritic_409_430_439441444\" >3.2 Ferritic (409, 430, 439\/441\/444)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#33_Martensitic_410_420_va_mac_chiu_mai_mon\" >3.3 Martensitic (410, 420) v\u00e0 m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#34_Duplex_va_Super_Duplex\" >3.4 Duplex v\u00e0 Super Duplex<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#35_Lien_ket_Inox_%E2%86%94_thep_carbonhop_kim_thap\" >3.5 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon\/h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#4_Chon_duong_kinh_queday_theo_chieu_day_phoi\" >4) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que\/d\u00e2y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y ph\u00f4i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#5_Khi_bao_ve_va_cuc_tinh\" >5) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#6_Kiem_soat_nhiet_va_chat_luong_moi_han_Inox\" >6) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#7_Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc_nhanh\" >7) L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nhanh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#8_Ma_san_phamnhan_hieu_pho_bien_tai_Viet_Nam\" >8) M\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#9_Tinh_huong_dien_hinh_ap_dung_nhanh\" >9) T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhanh)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#10_Checklist_nhanh_truoc_khi_ra_moi_han\" >10) Checklist nhanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#Nguon_tham_khao_chinh\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-chon-que-day-han-inox-dung-mac-308l-316l-309l\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-1-cach-doc-ma-filler-theo-awsiso-nam-dung-goc-chon\">1) C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 filler theo AWS\/ISO (n\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-2-nguyen-tac-vang-chon-queday-han-inox\">2) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-3-khuyen-nghi-theo-tung-mac-thep-inox-pho-bien\">3) Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c th\u00e9p Inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-4-chon-duong-kinh-queday-theo-chieu-day-phoi\">4) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que\/d\u00e2y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y ph\u00f4i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-5-khi-bao-ve-va-cuc-tinh\">5) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-6-kiem-soat-nhiet-va-chat-luong-moi-han-inox\">6) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-7-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc-nhanh\">7) L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-8-ma-san-phamnhan-hieu-pho-bien-tai-viet-nam\">8) M\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-9-tinh-huong-dien-hinh-ap-dung-nhanh\">9) T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhanh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-10-checklist-nhanh-truoc-khi-ra-moi-han\">10) Checklist nhanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que h\u00e0n\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c th\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Sai m\u00e1c filler c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng s\u1edbm trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AWS\/ISO v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn nhanh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (201\/202, 304\/316, 321\/347, 430, 410, duplex 2205\u2026), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh (TIG\/MIG que\/flux-cored), kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh g\u00e1 l\u1eafp, ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-1-cach-doc-ma-filler-theo-awsiso-nam-dung-goc-chon\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Cach_doc_ma_filler_theo_AWSISO_nam_dung_goc_chon_dung_mac\"><\/span>1) C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 filler theo AWS\/ISO (n\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SMAW (que h\u00e0n): AWS A5.4 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u E308L-16, E316L-17\u2026 Trong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 308\/316\/309\u2026 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Austenitic 18-8, 18-12-2Mo, 23-12\u2026<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cL\u201d = h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p (\u22640,03%) ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1eadu t\u1ed1 -15\/-16\/-17 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c:<br \/>\n    &#8211; -16: rutile; d\u00f9ng AC ho\u1eb7c DCEP.<br \/>\n    &#8211; -17: ki\u1ec1m\/low-H; th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng DCEP (ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; GTAW\/GMAW (TIG\/MIG, d\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c): AWS A5.9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ER308L, ER316L, ER309L\u2026 (ER = wire rod).<br \/>\n&#8211; FCAW (d\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c): AWS A5.22 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u E308LT1-1\/-4, E316LT1-1\/-4\u2026<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cT1-1\u201d d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed 100% CO2; \u201cT1-4\u201d d\u00f9ng 75\u201380%Ar\/20\u201325%CO2.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2y TIG\/MIG: ISO 14343 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 19 9 L ~ ER308L; 19 12 3 L ~ ER316L; 22 9 3 N L ~ ER2209).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Que SMAW: ISO 3581.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-2-nguyen-tac-vang-chon-queday-han-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nguyen_tac_vang_chon_queday_han_Inox\"><\/span>2) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t\u201d th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: 304 \u2192 308L; 316 \u2192 316L (c\u00f3 Mo); duplex \u2192 2209.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide (m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl- \u1edf 60\u2013200\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon\/h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p: d\u00f9ng 309L\/309LMo nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng pha lo\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 \u2194 316: 308L d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; 309L an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e9p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 321 (Ti) th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng filler 347 (Nb) \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1t v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pha v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u03b4-ferrite trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (FN \u2248 4\u201312) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex: gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenite\/ferit b\u1eb1ng filler 2209, interpass \u2264100\u00b0C, t\u0103ng N2 trong purge.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic\/ferritic: c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n, v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ram sau h\u00e0n (PWHT) theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-3-khuyen-nghi-theo-tung-mac-thep-inox-pho-bien\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Khuyen_nghi_theo_tung_mac_thep_Inox_pho_bien\"><\/span>3) Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c th\u00e9p Inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Austenitic_200300_series\"><\/span>3.1 Austenitic 200\/300 series<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201\/202 (Cr-Mn-N, \u00edt Ni):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean: ER309L (TIG\/MIG), E309L-16 (que), E309LT1-x (FCAW) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng: ER308L\/E308L-16 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng 309L an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 301\/304\/304L (SUS304):<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER308L; FCAW: E308LT1-1\/-4; SMAW: E308L-16 ho\u1eb7c -17.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ghi ch\u00fa: D\u00f9ng \u201cL\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; interpass \u2264150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (SUS316, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl-):<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG\/MIG: ER316L; FCAW: E316LT1-1\/-4; SMAW: E316L-16\/-17.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ghi ch\u00fa: Ch\u1ecdn 316L khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/dung d\u1ecbch Cl-; \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e2y c\u00f3 Mo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 \u2194 316 (kh\u00e1c m\u00e1c trong nh\u00f3m austenitic):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: ER308L\/E308L-16;<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pha lo\u00e3ng: ER309L\/E309L-16.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321 (Ti \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh) \/ 347 (Nb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 321 \u2192 d\u00f9ng filler 347: ER347 (TIG\/MIG), E347-16 (SMAW).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 347 \u2192 d\u00f9ng 347 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310\/310S (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, 25Cr-20Ni):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 310S \u2194 310S: ER310\/E310-16.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dissimilar (310S v\u1edbi 304\/CS): 309L\/309LMo \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf pha gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L (si\u00eau austenitic, gi\u00e0u Mo, Cu):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean: ER385 (AWS 904L), ho\u1eb7c ER309LMo trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (theo WPS c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Ferritic_409_430_439441444\"><\/span>3.2 Ferritic (409, 430, 439\/441\/444)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 409\/409Ti (\u00f4 t\u00f4, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u: filler c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ER409Ti\/ER430Ti n\u1ebfu s\u1eb5n;<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng: 309L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n khi thi\u1ebfu filler ferritic chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (17Cr):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean: 430LNb\/430Ti (que\/d\u00e2y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng);<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf: 309L \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 dai m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 439\/441\/444 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 430):<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng filler c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 (439\/444) n\u1ebfu c\u00f3; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec 309L v\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd chung ferritic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, interpass \u2264150\u00b0C, tr\u00e1nh chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i g\u00e2y th\u00f4 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Martensitic_410_420_va_mac_chiu_mai_mon\"><\/span>3.3 Martensitic (410, 420) v\u00e0 m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 410 (12Cr, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ram):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Filler: ER410\/ER410NiMo; que: E410-15\/-16, E410NiMo-15\/-16.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: Ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t 150\u2013250\u00b0C; gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n; ram 650\u2013750\u00b0C khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 dai\/gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 420 (Cr cao, C cao):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Filler: ER420 ho\u1eb7c ER410NiMo t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: Ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t 200\u2013300\u00b0C; PWHT\/ram b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo WPS \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o: Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng 308L\/316L cho 410\/420 n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9; ch\u1ec9 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 309L khi n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 WPS ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Duplex_va_Super_Duplex\"><\/span>3.4 Duplex v\u00e0 Super Duplex<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Duplex 2205 (UNS S31803\/S32205):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Filler: ER2209 (GTAW\/GMAW), E2209-16 (SMAW), E2209T1-x (FCAW).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: Purge g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng Ar + 1\u20132% N2 cho TIG; interpass \u2264100\u00b0C; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha.<br \/>\n&#8211; Super Duplex 2507 (S32750\/S32760):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Filler: ER2594\/E2594 (ho\u1eb7c ER2599 theo nh\u00e0 SX).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, interpass \u2264100\u00b0C; kh\u00ed purge c\u00f3 N2.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"35_Lien_ket_Inox_%E2%86%94_thep_carbonhop_kim_thap\"><\/span>3.5 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon\/h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p 3xx\/duplex \u2194 Q235\/SS400\/S20C\u2026:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng 309L ho\u1eb7c 309LMo (TIG\/MIG: ER309L\/ER309LMo; que: E309L-16\/E309LMo-16; FCAW: E309LT1-x).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u1ea1o 1\u20132 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m 309L r\u1ed3i ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp m\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n (buttering technique).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-4-chon-duong-kinh-queday-theo-chieu-day-phoi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Chon_duong_kinh_queday_theo_chieu_day_phoi\"><\/span>4) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que\/d\u00e2y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y ph\u00f4i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SMAW (que h\u00e0n):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2.5 mm: t\u1ea5m 2\u20134 mm, d\u00f2ng 60\u201390 A.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 3.2 mm: t\u1ea5m 4\u20138 mm, d\u00f2ng 80\u2013120 A.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 4.0 mm: t\u1ea5m \u22658 mm, d\u00f2ng 110\u2013160 A.<br \/>\n&#8211; GTAW (TIG, ER rod):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 1.6\u20132.4 mm: t\u1ea5m 1\u20134 mm (60\u2013120 A, DCEN).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 3.2 mm: t\u1ea5m \u22654 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; GMAW\/FCAW (MIG\/CO2):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 0.8\u20131.0 mm: t\u1ea5m 1\u20135 mm (90\u2013180 A).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 1.2 mm: t\u1ea5m \u22655 mm (160\u2013260 A).<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o; t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0n, r\u00e3nh v\u00e1t, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u00e3ng filler\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-5-khi-bao-ve-va-cuc-tinh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Khi_bao_ve_va_cuc_tinh\"><\/span>5) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; TIG (GTAW):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh: 100% Ar (\u226599.99%). T\u00f9y d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ar\/He (30\u201350% He) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ng\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Purge m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n: Ar tinh khi\u1ebft; duplex th\u00eam 1\u20132% N2 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec austenite.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ef1c t\u00ednh: DCEN (c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c).<br \/>\n&#8211; MIG (GMAW d\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c Inox):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Spray\/pulsed: Ar + 1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar + 2% CO2. Tr\u00e1nh CO2 >3% \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u00f4xy v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Short-arc t\u00f4n m\u1ecfng: kh\u00ed tri-mix (He\/Ar\/CO2 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p CO2) n\u1ebfu s\u1eb5n; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng Ar + 1\u20132% O2\/CO2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ef1c t\u00ednh: DCEP.<br \/>\n&#8211; FCAW Inox:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Theo m\u00e3: T1-1 d\u00f9ng 100% CO2; T1-4 d\u00f9ng 75\u201380% Ar \/ 20\u201325% CO2 (xem TDS).<br \/>\n&#8211; SMAW:<br \/>\n  &#8211; E308L-16\/E316L-16: AC ho\u1eb7c DCEP; E308L-17\/E316L-17: DCEP.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-6-kiem-soat-nhiet-va-chat-luong-moi-han-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Kiem_soat_nhiet_va_chat_luong_moi_han_Inox\"><\/span>6) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Interpass t\u1ed1i \u0111a:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: \u2264150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex\/Super duplex: \u2264100\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t; PWHT khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 cao: Tr\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 sigma, m\u1ea5t N (duplex) v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1edbc: T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u\/m\u1ee1, d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i INOX ri\u00eang (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p carbon).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit\/heat tint b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc + gel pickling (HNO3\/HF) ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch citric\/nitric; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u2192 passivation t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\/ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferrite number (FN) trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic: ch\u1ecdn filler c\u00f3 FN 4\u201312 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (tham kh\u1ea3o TDS t\u1eebng h\u00e3ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u tr\u1eef que\/d\u00e2y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1eef kh\u00f4, tr\u00e1nh h\u00fat \u1ea9m. Que -17 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ea5y theo TDS (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 200\u2013300\u00b0C\/1\u20132h). Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd s\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi que rutile -16.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-7-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc-nhanh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc_nhanh\"><\/span>7) L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nhanh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean 304\/316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cao, FN qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t S\/P, khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: d\u00f9ng filler \u201cL\u201d \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c, FN ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (308L\/316L ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), gi\u1ea3m heat input, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n g\u00e1 kh\u00edt.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, x\u1ec9 k\u1eb9t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4 que\/d\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c s\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c (316L cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-), t\u1ea9y \u2013 passivation \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eaft ngo\u1ea1i lai b\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed5i m\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh (heat tint xanh t\u00edm):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t, t\u0103ng che ch\u1eafn kh\u00ed, b\u1ed5 sung trailing shield\/back purge.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-8-ma-san-phamnhan-hieu-pho-bien-tai-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Ma_san_phamnhan_hieu_pho_bien_tai_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>8) M\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kobelco (Kobe Steel): DW-308L\/316L (FCAW), TGS\/TS (TIG\/SMAW).<br \/>\n&#8211; ESAB: OK 61.30 (E308L-17), OK 61.85 (E316L-17), OK Autrod 308L\/316L, Coreweld 308L\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric: Excalibur 308L-16\/316L-16, Blue Max ER308L\/ER316L, SupraCore 308L\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kiswel, Hyundai: \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea3i 308L\/316L\/309L\/2209.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: Mua t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng; ki\u1ec3m tra TDS\/WPS t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 tem ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-9-tinh-huong-dien-hinh-ap-dung-nhanh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Tinh_huong_dien_hinh_ap_dung_nhanh\"><\/span>9) T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhanh)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Inox 304 d\u00e0y 2 mm (TIG):<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2y ER308L \u00d81.6\u20132.0 mm; Ar 100% \u226599.99%; back purge 8\u201312 L\/ph\u00fat; interpass \u2264150\u00b0C; t\u1ea9y-passivation sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi Inox 316L d\u00e0y 5 mm (MIG xung):<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2y ER316L \u00d81.0\u20131.2 mm; kh\u00ed Ar + 1\u20132% O2; ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung; interpass \u2264150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t 2205 d\u00e0y 4 mm (TIG root + MIG fill):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Root TIG: ER2209, purge Ar + 2% N2; Fill MIG: ER2209, Ar + 1\u20132% O2; interpass \u2264100\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n Inox 304 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p CT3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng 309L (E309L-16 ho\u1eb7c ER309L); c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 buttering 1\u20132 l\u1edbp 309L ph\u00eda th\u00e9p carbon.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-10-checklist-nhanh-truoc-khi-ra-moi-han\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Checklist_nhanh_truoc_khi_ra_moi_han\"><\/span>10) Checklist nhanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hai ph\u00eda (ch\u00fa \u00fd 201\/202 vs 304).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn filler theo b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 \u2192 308L; 316 \u2192 316L; 321 \u2192 347; Duplex 2205 \u2192 2209; Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon \u2192 309L\/309LMo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh &#038; kh\u00ed: TIG Ar 100%; MIG Ar + 1\u20132% O2\/2% CO2; FCAW theo T1-1\/T1-4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t: interpass \u2264150\u00b0C (austenitic), \u2264100\u00b0C (duplex); martensitic ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t + PWHT khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y, passivation; ki\u1ec3m tra ngo\u1ea1i quan v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao_chinh\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS A5.4\/A5.9\/A5.22 \u2013 Stainless Steel Filler Metal Specifications (American Welding Society).<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 14343 v\u00e0 ISO 3581 \u2013 Wire rods\/covered electrodes for stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6 \u2013 Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric \u2013 Stainless Steel Welding Guide &#038; Blue Max filler datasheets (lincolnelectric.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; ESAB \u2013 Stainless Steel Filler Metal Handbook &#038; OK product datasheets (esab.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kobe Steel (Kobelco) Welding Technical Handbook (kobelco-welding.jp).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 308L hay 316L\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u00e1c n\u1ec1n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, quy tr\u00ecnh \u2013 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t. T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 \u2192 308L; 316 \u2192 316L; 321 \u2192 347; 310S \u2192 310; 904L \u2192 385.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dissimilar (Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon ho\u1eb7c 304\/316 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn) \u2192 309L\/309LMo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 \u2192 2209; Super duplex \u2192 2594.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d, gi\u1eef interpass th\u1ea5p, purge t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea9y \u2013 passivation \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\nL\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c filler, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 WPS cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n Inox cho 304, 316, duplex\u2026 theo AWS\/ISO (308L, 316L, 309L, 2209), k\u00e8m ch\u1ecdn kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}