{"id":2319,"date":"2026-07-24T00:35:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T17:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/"},"modified":"2026-07-24T00:35:37","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T17:35:37","slug":"han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2319&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;H\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Tom_tat_nhanh_khuyen_nghi_thuc_hanh\" >T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Vi_sao_han_Inox_voi_thep_thuong_phuc_tap\" >V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Lua_chon_vat_lieu_bu_queday_han_theo_to_hop_vat_lieu\" >L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n) theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Nguyen_tac_chung\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#304304L_%E2%86%94_Q235Q345SS400CT3\" >304\/304L \u2194 Q235\/Q345\/SS400\/CT3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#316316L_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\" >316\/316L \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#201_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\" >201 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Ferritic_430409_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\" >Ferritic 430\/409 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Duplex_2205_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\" >Duplex 2205 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Truong_hop_kho_han_khe_ho_lon_vat_lieu_%E2%80%9Cban%E2%80%9D\" >Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n\/ khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn\/ v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cb\u1ea9n\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Chon_quy_trinh_han_va_khi_bao_ve\" >Ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#GTAW_TIG\" >GTAW (TIG)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#GMAW_MIGMAG\" >GMAW (MIG\/MAG)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#SMAW_Que_han\" >SMAW (Que h\u00e0n)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#FCAW_Day_loi_thuoc\" >FCAW (D\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Thiet_ke_moi_han_chuan_bi_va_thong_so_cot_loi\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Chuan_bi_be_mat_va_ga_lap\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u00e1 l\u1eafp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Preheat_va_kiem_soat_nhiet\" >Preheat v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Bao_ve_mat_sau_back_purging\" >B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau (back purging)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Kiem_tra_va_lam_sach_giua_lop\" >Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Xu_ly_sau_han_chong_an_mon_dien_hoa_va_hoan_thien\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Quy_trinh_mau_WPS_tham_khao_cho_304L_%E2%86%94_Q235_tam_6%E2%80%9310_mm\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1eabu (WPS tham kh\u1ea3o) cho 304L \u2194 Q235, t\u1ea5m 6\u201310 mm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\" >L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Bang_tom_tat_ung_dung_nhanh\" >B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-vat-lieu-bu-va-phuong-phap-toi-uu-nhat\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-khuyen-nghi-thuc-hanh\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-phuc-tap\">V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-lua-chon-vat-lieu-bu-queday-han-theo-to-hop-vat-li\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n) theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-chon-quy-trinh-han-va-khi-bao-ve\">Ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thiet-ke-moi-han-chuan-bi-va-thong-so-cot-loi\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-xu-ly-sau-han-chong-an-mon-dien-hoa-va-hoan-thien\">X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-quy-trinh-mau-wps-tham-khao-cho-304l-q235-tam-610-\">Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1eabu (WPS tham kh\u1ea3o) cho 304L \u2194 Q235, t\u1ea5m 6\u201310 mm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-bang-tom-tat-ung-dung-nhanh\">B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cca kh\u00f3\u201d do kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n) v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea9m nang li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-khuyen-nghi-thuc-hanh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tom_tat_nhanh_khuyen_nghi_thuc_hanh\"><\/span>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d khi h\u00e0n Austenitic Inox (304\/304L\/316L\/201) v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p (Q235\/Q345\/SS400\/CT3): d\u00f9ng 309L (AWS ER\/E309L, ISO 14343: 23 12 L). V\u1edbi 316\/316L ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, \u01b0u ti\u00ean 309MoL (23 12 2 L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 (khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, chi ti\u1ebft \u201cb\u1ea9n\u201d, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp): c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 312 (29Cr-9Ni; AWS ER\/E312, E312-16) v\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferrite cao ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 h\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: d\u00f9ng 2209 (ER2209) ho\u1eb7c buttering 309L\/625 r\u1ed3i h\u00e0n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 2209 t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic 430\/409 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: 309L l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n an to\u00e0n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: GTAW (TIG) cho pass ch\u00e2n + GMAW (MIG\/MAG) ho\u1eb7c SMAW\/FCAW cho pass \u0111\u1eafp. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau b\u1eb1ng argon \u1edf m\u1ed1i ch\u00e2n Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t: Preheat ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng 50\u2013150\u00b0C t\u00f9y chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/CE; gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1edbp <150\u00b0C ph\u00eda Inox; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201csensitization\u201d.  \n- Tr\u00e1nh PWHT to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft; n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201cbuttering\u201d 309L\/625 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.  \n- Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n: s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\/gio\u0103ng), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Inox (pickling\/passivation).\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-phuc-tap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_han_Inox_voi_thep_thuong_phuc_tap\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u1edf kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: do t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (S, P) v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 austenit qu\u00e1 cao. C\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr\/Ni \u201cd\u01b0\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ferrite \u03b4 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FN ~3\u201310 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t [TWI].<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng martensite \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ) ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i do hydro. C\u1ea7n preheat, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hydro th\u1ea5p (que\/d\u00e2y, thu\u1ed1c h\u00e0n kh\u00f4), l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh (sensitization) \u1edf Inox: gi\u1eef kim lo\u1ea1i Inox l\u00e2u trong 450\u2013850\u00b0C s\u1ebd k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide, gi\u1ea3m Cr t\u1ef1 do \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n. D\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p \u201cL\u201d, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1nh PWHT kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft [Outokumpu].<br \/>\n&#8211; Pha sigma khi gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i: l\u00e0m gi\u00f2n. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eafp.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: c\u1eb7p Inox\u2013th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb hy sinh. C\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-lua-chon-vat-lieu-bu-queday-han-theo-to-hop-vat-li\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lua_chon_vat_lieu_bu_queday_han_theo_to_hop_vat_lieu\"><\/span>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n) theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_chung\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 \u201cover-alloyed\u201d (gi\u00e0u Cr v\u00e0 Ni h\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p (L) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 sensitization.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferrite \u03b4 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (FN ~3\u201310) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng. 309L\/312 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y [AWS A5.9, ISO 14343].<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"304304L_%E2%86%94_Q235Q345SS400CT3\"><\/span>304\/304L \u2194 Q235\/Q345\/SS400\/CT3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: ER309L (GTAW\/GMAW), E309L-16\/-17 (SMAW), E309LT1-1\/-4 (FCAW). Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: AWS A5.9\/A5.4; ISO 14343 (23 12 L), ISO 3581.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00fd do: Ni\/Cr cao b\u00f9 pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, duy tr\u00ec FN v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"316316L_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\"><\/span>316\/316L \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl- ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 309MoL (ISO 23 12 2 L) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/khe k\u1ebd. 309L v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"201_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\"><\/span>201 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201 c\u00f3 Mn cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 304; v\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn 309L. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ferritic_430409_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\"><\/span>Ferritic 430\/409 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n: 309L. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf\/chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 430LNb\/409Cb t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng 309L th\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duplex_2205_%E2%86%94_thep_thuong\"><\/span>Duplex 2205 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: ER2209 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenit\/ferit trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Duplex.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n PWHT cho th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: buttering l\u1edbp l\u00f3t 309L ho\u1eb7c Ni 625 l\u00ean th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng 2209 [TWI, Outokumpu].<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_kho_han_khe_ho_lon_vat_lieu_%E2%80%9Cban%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n\/ khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn\/ v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cb\u1ea9n\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 312 (29Cr-9Ni) v\u00ec c\u00f3 FN r\u1ea5t cao, c\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh h\u00e0n m\u1ef9 quan v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng sau h\u00e0n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-chon-quy-trinh-han-va-khi-bao-ve\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chon_quy_trinh_han_va_khi_bao_ve\"><\/span>Ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GTAW_TIG\"><\/span>GTAW (TIG)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00e0nh cho pass ch\u00e2n\/kh\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed: 100% Ar cho m\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau (back purging). L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng purge 6\u201312 L\/ph\u00fat t\u00f9y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, gi\u1eef O2 trong \u1ed1ng <0,1% \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201csugaring\u201d.  \n- D\u00e2y: ER309L\/309MoL\/312 \u00d81.0\u20132.4 mm. D\u00f2ng 50\u2013120 A cho t\u1ea5m 2\u20134 mm (tham kh\u1ea3o, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed).\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GMAW_MIGMAG\"><\/span>GMAW (MIG\/MAG)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao cho pass \u0111\u1eafp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed: Ar + 1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar + 1\u20132% CO2 cho d\u00e2y Inox \u0111\u1eb7c; v\u1edbi d\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c 309LT1 d\u00f9ng 100% CO2 ho\u1eb7c 80\/20 Ar\/CO2 theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb NSX.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung (pulsed) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch tia cho t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y, ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch cho t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2y: ER309L\/309MoL \u00d80.9\u20131.2 mm.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SMAW_Que_han\"><\/span>SMAW (Que h\u00e0n)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Linh ho\u1ea1t ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Que: E309L-16\/-17; s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 theo TDS (th\u01b0\u1eddng 250\u2013300\u00b0C\/1\u20132h) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hydro.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 70\u2013130 A cho \u00d82.6\u20133.2 mm.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FCAW_Day_loi_thuoc\"><\/span>FCAW (D\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, l\u1ea5p khe t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2y: E309LT1-1\/-4. L\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 Cr(VI) \u2013 c\u1ea7n h\u00fat l\u1ecdc c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thiet-ke-moi-han-chuan-bi-va-thong-so-cot-loi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_moi_han_chuan_bi_va_thong_so_cot_loi\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_bi_be_mat_va_ga_lap\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u00e1 l\u1eafp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00e1t m\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang g\u00f3c, khe h\u1edf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf pha lo\u00e3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, r\u1ec9, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, s\u01a1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eafng. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean Inox (nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m Fe \u2192 r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p\/\u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ng\u1eafn, h\u00e0n so le.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preheat_va_kiem_soat_nhiet\"><\/span>Preheat v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Preheat ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 carbon equivalent (CE = C + Mn\/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)\/5 + (Ni+Cu)\/15):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p, t \u2264 12 mm: 50\u201375\u00b0C<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trung b\u00ecnh (Q345), t 12\u201325 mm: 75\u2013120\u00b0C<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m d\u00e0y\/CE cao: 100\u2013150\u00b0C<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1edbp <150\u00b0C \u1edf v\u00f9ng Inox; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau <1.5 kJ\/mm cho t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng\/v\u1eeba (\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt).  \n- L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh phun n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bao_ve_mat_sau_back_purging\"><\/span>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau (back purging)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i ch\u00e2n \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p Inox \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n (sugaring) v\u00ec l\u1edbp oxit gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 \u0103n m\u00f2n. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00ea ch\u1eb7n kh\u00ed\/balloon t\u00f9y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_tra_va_lam_sach_giua_lop\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9, bavia, oxit gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp; ch\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u m\u00e0u (PT) sau pass cu\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu k\u00edn\/\u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-xu-ly-sau-han-chong-an-mon-dien-hoa-va-hoan-thien\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_sau_han_chong_an_mon_dien_hoa_va_hoan_thien\"><\/span>X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh PWHT to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00ec r\u1ee7i ro sensitization Inox. N\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (quy chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng), \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng buttering: \u0111\u1eafp 1\u20133 l\u1edbp 309L (ho\u1eb7c Ni 625 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t) l\u00ean ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PWHT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp buttering [TWI].<br \/>\n&#8211; Pickling &#038; passivation: d\u00f9ng gel axit\/paste theo TDS \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i oxit nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3; trung h\u00f2a, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; S\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (h\u1ec7 epoxy\/PU ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang + s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m\/long \u0111en\/\u1ed1ng l\u00f3t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa chi ti\u1ebft Inox\u2013th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u01b0u ti\u00ean tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/Cl-.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-quy-trinh-mau-wps-tham-khao-cho-304l-q235-tam-610-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_mau_WPS_tham_khao_cho_304L_%E2%86%94_Q235_tam_6%E2%80%9310_mm\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1eabu (WPS tham kh\u1ea3o) cho 304L \u2194 Q235, t\u1ea5m 6\u201310 mm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: GTAW pass ch\u00e2n + GMAW pass \u0111\u1eafp.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9: ER309L (ISO 23 12 L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed: GTAW 100% Ar; GMAW Ar + 2% CO2.<br \/>\n&#8211; Preheat ph\u00eda Q235: 75\u2013100\u00b0C; duy tr\u00ec <150\u00b0C interpass.  \n- B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau: Ar 8\u201310 L\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn khi O2 <0,1%.  \n- Tham s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o:  \n  - GTAW ch\u00e2n: d\u00e2y \u00d81.6 mm, 65\u201395 A, 10\u201312 V, 1.0\u20131.5 kJ\/mm.  \n  - GMAW \u0111\u1eafp: d\u00e2y \u00d81.0\u20131.2 mm, 150\u2013220 A, 22\u201328 V, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed 15\u201320 L\/ph\u00fat, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung ho\u1eb7c tia.  \n- Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp.  \n- Ki\u1ec3m tra: VT 100%, PT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ISO 5817 c\u1ea5p B\/C (t\u00f9y d\u1ef1 \u00e1n).  \n- Ghi ch\u00fa an to\u00e0n: thu gom kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n, PPE l\u1ecdc Cr(VI) khi c\u1ea7n.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\"><\/span>L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, d\u00f9ng 309L\/312, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh h\u1ed3 quang qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i (HAZ th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng): t\u0103ng preheat, que\/d\u00e2y \u00edt hydro, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1edbp.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cSugaring\u201d (oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t sau Inox): b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c back purging v\u00e0 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4 que\/d\u00e2y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebfu ng\u1ea5u\/thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khe h\u1edf, d\u00f2ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch oxit.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ec9 n\u00e2u tr\u00ean Inox sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y: nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft \u2013 t\u1ea9y x\u1ec9, pickling\/passivation, d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 Inox ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-bang-tom-tat-ung-dung-nhanh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bang_tom_tat_ung_dung_nhanh\"><\/span>B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L \u2194 Q235\/Q345\/SS400: 309L; GTAW ch\u00e2n + GMAW \u0111\u1eafp; preheat 75\u2013100\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-: 309MoL; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng: 309L; ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430\/409 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: 309L; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, xem x\u00e9t 430LNb\/409Cb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: 2209; ho\u1eb7c buttering 309L\/625 + h\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 2209.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp\/khe l\u1edbn: 312.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS A5.9\/A5.4 \u2013 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods \/ Covered Electrodes.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 14343 \/ ISO 3581 \u2013 Welding consumables for stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute): Dissimilar metal welding of stainless to carbon steel; guidance on ferrite control and buttering. https:\/\/www.twi-global.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Welding Handbook \u2013 Welding of stainless steels: heat input, sensitization, gas selection. https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric \u2013 Stainless Steel Welding Guide and Consumable Selection. https:\/\/www.lincolnelectric.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Dissimilar welds and buttering practices. https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (309L\/309MoL l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d, 312\/2209 cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9), ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (GTAW cho pass ch\u00e2n + GMAW\/SMAW\/FCAW cho \u0111\u1eafp) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t\/ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (preheat ph\u00eda th\u00e9p, interpass th\u1ea5p, back purging, tr\u00e1nh PWHT t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n). L\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n WPS, ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y 309L\/309MoL\/312 ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ecdn 309L\/309MoL\/312, quy tr\u00ecnh GTAW\u2013GMAW, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, preheat, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2319\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}