{"id":2347,"date":"2026-07-28T00:33:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T17:33:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T00:33:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T17:33:45","slug":"thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2347&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; 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height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Thu_dong_hoa_inox_la_gi_Co_che_bao_ve_thuc_su_dien_ra_nhu_the_nao\" >Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Lop_mang_thu_dong_hinh_thanh_khi_nao\" >L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Tai_sao_thu_dong_hoa_quan_trong_de_tang_chong_gi\" >T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Phan_biet_lam_sach_%E2%80%93_tay_gipickling_%E2%80%93_thu_dong_hoa_%E2%80%93_dien_danh_bong\" >Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Khi_nao_bat_buoc_nen_thu_dong_hoa\" >Khi n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Quy_trinh_thu_dong_hoa_dien_hinh_thuc_te_xuong_va_cong_truong\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Nitric_vs_Citric_chon_phuong_an_nao\" >Nitric vs. Citric: ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Xu_ly_tai_cho_bang_gelpaste\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng gel\/paste<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Luu_y_theo_mac_inox\" >L\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00e1c inox<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Kiem_tra_chat_luong_sau_thu_dong_hoa\" >Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Han_che_va_loi_thuong_gap\" >H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Vi_du_ung_dung_thuc_te\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#An_toan_%E2%80%93_moi_truong_%E2%80%93_xu_ly_thai\" >An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi-2\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thu-dong-hoa-inox-la-gi-co-che-bao-ve-thuc-su-dien\">Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tai-sao-thu-dong-hoa-quan-trong-de-tang-chong-gi\">T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-phan-biet-lam-sach-tay-gipickling-thu-dong-hoa-die\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-khi-nao-bat-buoc-nen-thu-dong-hoa\">Khi n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-trinh-thu-dong-hoa-dien-hinh-thuc-te-xuong-va-\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-tra-chat-luong-sau-thu-dong-hoa\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-han-che-va-loi-thuong-gap\">H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-vi-du-ung-dung-thuc-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-an-toan-moi-truong-xu-ly-thai\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 sau c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00e1c g\u00ec so v\u1edbi t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, k\u00e8m quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thu-dong-hoa-inox-la-gi-co-che-bao-ve-thuc-su-dien\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thu_dong_hoa_inox_la_gi_Co_che_bao_ve_thuc_su_dien_ra_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u crom tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (\u226510,5% Cr), h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\/kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit crom m\u1ecfng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00fap b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201ctr\u01a1\u201d h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Cr2O3 d\u00e0y c\u1ee1 1\u20133 nm, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 oxy. Sau gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do (free iron) ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint) l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u crom t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Fe, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u00e0ng oxit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_mang_thu_dong_hinh_thanh_khi_nao\"><\/span>L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: Inox s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng oxit khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\/oxy trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (nitric ho\u1eb7c citric) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng sau c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c sau t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tai-sao-thu-dong-hoa-quan-trong-de-tang-chong-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_sao_thu_dong_hoa_quan_trong_de_tang_chong_gi\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do: V\u1ebft g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u tr\u00ean inox th\u01b0\u1eddng do h\u1ea1t s\u1eaft ngo\u1ea1i lai b\u00e1m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1, dao c\u1eaft th\u00e9p carbon. Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea5y \u0111i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, ng\u0103n \u201cm\u1ea7m g\u1ec9\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c sau h\u00e0n\/t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9: V\u00f9ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 heat tint l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m Cr t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap t\u00e1i gi\u00e0u crom sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u1ea3y oxit.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7 (pitting) v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf (crevice): M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ion Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh: Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, y t\u1ebf, b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A967\/A380 ho\u1eb7c ISO 16048 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cn\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p\u201d m\u00e1c th\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl- cao ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn 316L, 2205\u2026 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i \u0111a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-phan-biet-lam-sach-tay-gipickling-thu-dong-hoa-die\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_biet_lam_sach_%E2%80%93_tay_gipickling_%E2%80%93_thu_dong_hoa_%E2%80%93_dien_danh_bong\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch (degreasing): T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec1m\/surfactant\/solvent. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac oxit.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/kh\u1eed g\u1ec9 (pickling): D\u00f9ng axit m\u1ea1nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HNO3 + HF) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan v\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec7t, l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y sau h\u00e0n\/c\u00e1n\/m\u00e0i. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201ctr\u1eafng\u201d nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0ng oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation): D\u00f9ng axit oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 (nitric ho\u1eb7c citric) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 m\u1ecfng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng (electropolishing): H\u00f2a tan vi m\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4, gi\u1ea3m Ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u Cr, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-khi-nao-bat-buoc-nen-thu-dong-hoa\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_nao_bat_buoc_nen_thu_dong_hoa\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n, m\u00e0i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, c\u00f3 v\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec7t\/\u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eebng c\u1eaft th\u00e9p carbon ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, clorua (ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i), c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau pickling b\u1eb1ng HNO3+HF \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (FDA\/ASME BPE trong d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-trinh-thu-dong-hoa-dien-hinh-thuc-te-xuong-va-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_thu_dong_hoa_dien_hinh_thuc_te_xuong_va_cong_truong\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n1) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m\/surfactant 2\u20135%, 40\u201360\u00b0C, 10\u201320 ph\u00fat. R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n2) T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec7t\/h\u00e0n):<br \/>\n   &#8211; Gel ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec3 axit chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng HNO3 + HF theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi HF. R\u1eeda k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\/DI.<br \/>\n3) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n   &#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn A \u2013 Nitric: HNO3 20\u201330% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 20\u201360\u00b0C, 20\u201345 ph\u00fat (d\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o theo ASTM A967). Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a crom VI.<br \/>\n   &#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn B \u2013 Citric: Axit citric 4\u201310% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 20\u201360\u00b0C, 10\u201330 ph\u00fat. An to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean austenitic.<br \/>\n4) R\u1eeda v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a:<br \/>\n   &#8211; R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\/DI nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn pH trung t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m\/tu\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (Na2CO3\/NaHCO3) \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a axit c\u00f2n b\u00e1m, r\u1ed3i r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n5) S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc\/khe k\u1ebd g\u00e2y v\u1ebft \u1ed1 hay \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<br \/>\n6) Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Theo m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed c\u1ee7a ASTM A967\/A380 ho\u1eb7c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitric_vs_Citric_chon_phuong_an_nao\"><\/span>Nitric vs. Citric: ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Axit nitric:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: Oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, quen thu\u1ed9c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, dung sai r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed NOx, an to\u00e0n cao; x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd; quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit citric:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: An to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o NOx, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi sinh; v\u1edbi martensitic\/ferritic \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c\/ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: V\u1edbi 304\/316L trong c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u2013 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c, citric l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, nitric v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb an to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_tai_cho_bang_gelpaste\"><\/span>X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng gel\/paste<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng gel t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (HNO3+HF) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/heat tint, sau \u0111\u00f3 gel th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (nitric\/citric). Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, lan can, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn. C\u1ea7n che ch\u1eafn, thu gom, trung h\u00f2a th\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Luu_y_theo_mac_inox\"><\/span>L\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00e1c inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic 304\/304L\/316\/316L: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao; 303 (t\u0103ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh) kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic 430\/441: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n austenitic; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic 410\/420\/431: \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc (acid nh\u1eb9) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nh\u00e1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205\/2507: Ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; v\u1eabn n\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-tra-chat-luong-sau-thu-dong-hoa\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_tra_chat_luong_sau_thu_dong_hoa\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Theo ASTM A967\/A967M v\u00e0 ASTM A380\/A380M, m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p th\u1eed sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (Copper sulfate test \u2013 ASTM A967): Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u1ea9m cao ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\/s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i (ASTM B117): \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1eabu so s\u00e1nh; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc (water-break-free): Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed ferroxyl (ASTM A380): Nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, h\u1eefu \u00edch sau gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra vi sinh\/ATP (ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m): Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m thu n\u00ean ghi: m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-han-che-va-loi-thuong-gap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han_che_va_loi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn pickling l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: Pickling lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3y nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o ngay l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; c\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1i oxy h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u Cl- \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft \u1ed1; n\u00ean d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebd h\u1edf, bavia, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nh\u00e1m (Ra > 1,2 \u00b5m): T\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u00e0i\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon: D\u00f9ng ri\u00eang b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox, \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m Fe, v\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng sai: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng \u201cbi\u1ebfn\u201d 304 th\u00e0nh 316; ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-vi-du-ung-dung-thuc-te\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_ung_dung_thuc_te\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n ph\u1ed1i s\u1eefa 316L trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: Sau h\u00e0n TIG, pickling v\u00f9ng heat tint, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a citric 6% \u1edf 50\u00b0C trong 20 ph\u00fat, r\u1eeda DI v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ASTM A967 v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lan can 304 ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 pickling gel m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nitric \u2013 r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 \u2013 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ebft g\u1ec9 tr\u00e0m do s\u1eaft ngo\u1ea1i lai.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m (ASME BPE): \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ra \u2264 0,5 \u00b5m, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a citric, ki\u1ec3m tra water-break-free, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n giao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-an-toan-moi-truong-xu-ly-thai\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_toan_%E2%80%93_moi_truong_%E2%80%93_xu_ly_thai\"><\/span>An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; HF c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh (khi pickling): Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 canxi gluconat d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1i NOx v\u1edbi nitric; th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu gom, trung h\u00f2a, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; citric th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0967_a0967m.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0380_a0380m.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 16048 \u2013 Passivation of corrosion-resistant steels and alloys. https:\/\/www.iso.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Cleaning and Passivation resources on stainless steel. https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook \u2013 Surface treatment of stainless steels (pickling, passivation, cleaning). https:\/\/www.atlassteels.com.au<br \/>\n&#8211; Euro Inox \u2013 The care and cleaning of stainless steel. https:\/\/www.worldstainless.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox sau gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling), th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m h\u00f2a tan v\u1ea3y d\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u00e0ng oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Hai b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (ASTM A967\/A380, ISO 16048); ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\/DI l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\nC\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Hotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\n&#8211; Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox, kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/ISO v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}