{"id":2409,"date":"2026-08-06T12:34:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T05:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/"},"modified":"2026-08-06T12:34:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T05:34:49","slug":"thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox: Khi \u0111\u00fang, khi sai v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2409&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox: Khi \u0111\u00fang, khi sai v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Nguyen_ly_tu_tinh_cua_inox_Co_so_cua_phep_thu_nam_cham\" >Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox: C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Khi_nao_%E2%80%9Cthu_nam_cham%E2%80%9D_cho_ket_luan_dang_tin\" >Khi n\u00e0o \u201cth\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m\u201d cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Khi_nao_phep_thu_de_sai_hoac_gay_hieu_lam\" >Khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed d\u1ec5 sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Quy_trinh_thu_nam_cham_chuan_hoa_tai_xuong\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Nhung_dieu_phep_thu_nam_cham_KHONG_cho_biet\" >Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m KH\u00d4NG cho bi\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Cac_phuong_phap_kiem_chung_nen_dung_kem\" >C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Vi_du_thuc_te_tai_thi_truong_Viet_Nam\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Cau_hoi_nhanh_%E2%80%93_dap_gon\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-dung-khi-sai-va-cach-ap-dung\/#Ket_luan_Dung_dung_cho_dung_lam_dung\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nguyen-ly-tu-tinh-cua-inox-co-so-cua-phep-thu-nam-\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox: C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-cho-ket-luan-dang-tin\">Khi n\u00e0o \u201cth\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m\u201d cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khi-nao-phep-thu-de-sai-hoac-gay-hieu-lam\">Khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed d\u1ec5 sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-thu-nam-cham-chuan-hoa-tai-xuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-nhung-dieu-phep-thu-nam-cham-khong-cho-biet\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m KH\u00d4NG cho bi\u1ebft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-phuong-phap-kiem-chung-nen-dung-kem\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-vi-du-thuc-te-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cau-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ket-luan-dung-dung-cho-dung-lam-dung\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u201cth\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1eb9o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng: \u0111\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecd inox, n\u00eau r\u00f5 khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng tin, khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nguyen-ly-tu-tinh-cua-inox-co-so-cua-phep-thu-nam-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_ly_tu_tinh_cua_inox_Co_so_cua_phep_thu_nam_cham\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox: C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic (h\u1ecd 200\/300 nh\u01b0 201, 304, 316): m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 FCC, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m). Khi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, khi\u1ebfn h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic (h\u1ecd 400 nh\u01b0 430, 409): m\u1ea1ng BCC, ferromagnetic, h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic (410, 420): ferromagnetic, h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex (2101, 2304, 2205\u2026): pha k\u00e9p austenite + ferrite, h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i-\u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (\u03bcr) tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m: \u03bcr ~ 1.003\u20131.1 (h\u00fat r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i: \u03bcr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean ~1.3\u20131.8 t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic\/Martensitic: \u03bcr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m.<br \/>\n  (Tham kh\u1ea3o: BSSA \u2013 Stainless Steel and Magnetic Response; Nickel Institute)<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a: Nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n hay \u201cth\u1eadt\/gi\u1ea3\u201d inox.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA), \u201cStainless Steel and Magnetic Response\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, \u201cMagnetic Response of Stainless Steels\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu, \u201cStainless steel and magnetism\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; Datasheet 304\/430, AK Steel (Cleveland-Cliffs)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-cho-ket-luan-dang-tin\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_nao_%E2%80%9Cthu_nam_cham%E2%80%9D_cho_ket_luan_dang_tin\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o \u201cth\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m\u201d cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng tin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh h\u1ecd austenitic so v\u1edbi ferritic\/martensitic tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m, ch\u01b0a gia c\u00f4ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng inox m\u1edbi, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n: n\u1ebfu nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh \u2192 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 ferritic\/martensitic (430\/410), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 304\/316\/201.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u2192 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 austenitic (201\/304\/316).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 duplex: nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon d\u00e0y), g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 pha ferrite \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox austenitic: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/haz h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00f3 pha \u03b4-ferrite; d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ferrite trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111o ferrite chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eafc khi m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khi-nao-phep-thu-de-sai-hoac-gay-hieu-lam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_nao_phep_thu_de_sai_hoac_gay_hieu_lam\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed d\u1ec5 sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5n g\u1ea5p, k\u00e9o d\u00e3n, d\u1eadp, m\u00e0i m\u00e9p):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/316\/201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e9p c\u1eaft, g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cinox k\u00e9m\u201d hay \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 304\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ):<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u03b4-ferrite \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, n\u00ean h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1ee5n th\u00e9p carbon b\u00e1m sau m\u00e0i\/c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do; nam ch\u00e2m s\u1ebd d\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\/axit (pickling\/passivation) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp (clad) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecdc trang tr\u00ed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox \u1ed1p tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p carbon s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat do l\u00f5i th\u00e9p t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, d\u00f9 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 inox th\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nam ch\u00e2m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong, nam ch\u00e2m y\u1ebfu \u2192 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m neodymium m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201ch\u00fat\u201d nh\u1eb9 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi austenitic c\u00f3 \u03bcr r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh suy gi\u1ea3m; ph\u00e9p th\u1eed t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu \u0111i.<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh 201 v\u1edbi 304:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c austenitic; 201 (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn\/N cao) d\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn mactenxit h\u01a1n khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ch\u00fat nh\u1eb9\u201d sau gia c\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201-304 tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u00e1n\/\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: \u201cH\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a inox k\u00e9m; \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 304\/316 chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-thu-nam-cham-chuan-hoa-tai-xuong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_thu_nam_cham_chuan_hoa_tai_xuong\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5:<br \/>\n&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m neodymium c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf-trung (N35 tr\u1edf l\u00ean), s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ebb s\u1ea1ch\/solvent nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 lau b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u00f3: c\u00e2n l\u00f2 xo mini \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o-b\u1eadt (pull-off) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n1) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: lau s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u, b\u1ee5i; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ee5n s\u1eaft b\u00e1m (d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng d\u00ednh, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a; n\u1ebfu nghi nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft n\u1eb7ng, t\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo ASTM A380\/A967).<br \/>\n2) Ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m (v\u00f9ng ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng).<br \/>\n   &#8211; M\u00e9p c\u1eaft, g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n3) Th\u1eed v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat (nam ch\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u01a1i).<br \/>\n   &#8211; H\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 (nam ch\u00e2m b\u00e1m nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 t\u00e1ch).<br \/>\n   &#8211; H\u00fat v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh (kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n4) \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3:<br \/>\n   &#8211; T\u1ea5m 304 2B \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m (\u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d).<br \/>\n   &#8211; T\u1ea5m 430 BA (\u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n \u201ch\u00fat m\u1ea1nh\u201d).<br \/>\n   &#8211; Th\u00e9p carbon CT3 (\u0111i\u1ec3m \u201ch\u00fat r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh\u201d).<br \/>\n5) Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nhanh:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d nh\u01b0ng m\u00e9p ch\u1ea5n\/h\u00e0n \u201ch\u00fat nh\u1eb9\u201d \u2192 austenitic b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n   &#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh kh\u1eafp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m \u2192 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ferritic\/martensitic.<br \/>\n   &#8211; H\u00fat v\u1eeba \u1edf m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u2192 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 duplex ho\u1eb7c ferritic m\u1ecfng; c\u1ea7n PMI x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>An to\u00e0n: tr\u00e1nh k\u1eb9p tay v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\/\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-nhung-dieu-phep-thu-nam-cham-khong-cho-biet\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_dieu_phep_thu_nam_cham_KHONG_cho_biet\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m KH\u00d4NG cho bi\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1c 304 v\u1edbi 316 (c\u1ea3 hai th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt h\u00fat \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/khe, r\u1ed7 pitting (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 do Cl-) hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft (Cr, Ni, Mo, N, C, S\u2026) hay \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch bao th\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC\/COA t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM (A240 cho t\u1ea5m, A312 cho \u1ed1ng\u2026).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-phuong-phap-kiem-chung-nen-dung-kem\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_phuong_phap_kiem_chung_nen_dung_kem\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; PMI b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hu\u1ef3nh quang tia X (XRF):<br \/>\n  &#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr, Ni, Mo\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304\/316\/430\/duplex t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed Mo (molybdenum spot test) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Mo; cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritescope \u0111o ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ferrite (FN) \u1edf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 8249\/AWS A4.2; cho s\u1ed1 FN \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (copper sulfate) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo ASTM A967 (t\u00f9y quy tr\u00ecnh):<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft g\u00e2y r\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 quang (OES) khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u1eb9 (C, P, S) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u00e1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-vi-du-thuc-te-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_thuc_te_tai_thi_truong_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng trang tr\u00ed 201 h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng u\u1ed1n lan can \u2192 do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 430.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m 304 2B d\u00e0y 1.5 mm sau ch\u1ea5n V:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ede gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; t\u1ea1i g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u2192 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ea3o\/b\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u201ch\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh\u201d:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng inox 430 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch b\u1ebfp t\u1eeb; h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m b\u1ecdc clad: inox 304 \u1ed1p tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p carbon d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1ec3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat do l\u00f5i th\u00e9p; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e9p\/m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng PMI \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cau-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_nhanh_%E2%80%93_dap_gon\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1i sao inox 304 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 mactenxit\/\u03b4-ferrite; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 304 chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox n\u00e0o h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic (430, 409) v\u00e0 martensitic (410, 420). Duplex h\u00fat \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba-\u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316 kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin. D\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f9ng l\u00f4 201, v\u00ec sao t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y h\u00fat nh\u1eb9, t\u1ea5m kia kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n 304 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- cao, ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t; t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ket-luan-dung-dung-cho-dung-lam-dung\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan_Dung_dung_cho_dung_lam_dung\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd inox (austenitic vs ferritic\/martensitic\/duplex) trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201cs\u1ea1ch, \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m, ch\u01b0a gia c\u00f4ng\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd sai l\u1ec7ch khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e9p th\u1eed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft m\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p PMI\/XRF, th\u1eed Mo, \u0111o ferrite v\u00e0 xem ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed chu\u1ea9n, l\u01b0u m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd inox, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau khi \u0111\u00fang, khi sai, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2409"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2409\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}