{"id":2411,"date":"2026-08-07T00:34:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T17:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T00:34:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T17:34:56","slug":"huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00f9ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Inox 304\/201 (chu\u1ea9n x\u01b0\u1edfng)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2411&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00f9ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Inox 304\\\/201 (chu\u1ea9n x\u01b0\u1edfng)&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Tom_tat_nhanh_vi_sao_304_va_201_phan_ung_khac_nhau\" >T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: v\u00ec sao 304 v\u00e0 201 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Chuan_bi_chung_va_an_toan_truoc_khi_thu\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chung v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Phuong_phap_1_Thuoc_thu_Ni_DMG_%E2%80%93_phan_biet_dua_tren_ham_luong_niken\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) \u2013 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Nguyen_tac\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dung_cu_%E2%80%93_hoa_chat\" >D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Quy_trinh_tung_buoc\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dien_giai_ket_qua\" >Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Luu_y_han_che\" >L\u01b0u \u00fd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Phuong_phap_2_Thu_an_mon_diem_bang_FeCl3_6_rut_gon_theo_tinh_than_ASTM_G48\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng FeCl3 6% (r\u00fat g\u1ecdn theo tinh th\u1ea7n ASTM G48)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Nguyen_tac-2\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dung_cu_%E2%80%93_hoa_chat-2\" >D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Quy_trinh\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dien_giai\" >Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Phuong_phap_3_Thu_nhanh_muoi_oxy_gia_NaCl_5_H2O2_3\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3: Th\u1eed nhanh mu\u1ed1i + oxy gi\u00e0 (NaCl 5% + H2O2 3%)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Nguyen_tac-3\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dung_cu_%E2%80%93_hoa_chat-3\" >D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Quy_trinh-2\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dien_giai-2\" >Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Phuong_phap_4_HNO3_20_%E2%80%93_phep_thu_sang_loc_khong_phai_chinh_de_tach_304201\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 4: HNO3 20% \u2013 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 304\/201)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Nguyen_tac_va_cach_lam\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Ket_hop_phep_thu_quy_trinh_quyet_dinh_tai_xuong\" >K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e9p th\u1eed: quy tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Meo_thuc_te_sai_lam_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\" >M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Dung_cuthuoc_thu_goi_y_de_tim_o_Viet_Nam\" >D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-va-thuoc-thu-nhan-biet-inox-304-201-chuan-xuong\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-vi-sao-304-va-201-phan-ung-khac-nhau\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: v\u00ec sao 304 v\u00e0 201 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-chuan-bi-chung-va-an-toan-truoc-khi-thu\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chung v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-phuong-phap-1-thuoc-thu-ni-dmg-phan-biet-dua-tren-\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) \u2013 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-phuong-phap-2-thu-an-mon-diem-bang-fecl3-6-rut-gon\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng FeCl3 6% (r\u00fat g\u1ecdn theo tinh th\u1ea7n ASTM G48)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-phuong-phap-3-thu-nhanh-muoi-oxy-gia-nacl-5-h2o2-3\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3: Th\u1eed nhanh mu\u1ed1i + oxy gi\u00e0 (NaCl 5% + H2O2 3%)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-phuong-phap-4-hno3-20-phep-thu-sang-loc-khong-phai\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 4: HNO3 20% \u2013 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 304\/201)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-ket-hop-phep-thu-quy-trinh-quyet-dinh-tai-xuong\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e9p th\u1eed: quy tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-meo-thuc-te-sai-lam-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-dung-cuthuoc-thu-goi-y-de-tim-o-viet-nam\">D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 304 v\u00e0 201 nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 gia c\u00f4ng. Trong nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, d\u00f9ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c quan, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n x\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 304 v\u00e0 201 b\u1eb1ng DMG (thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni), dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i\u2013oxy gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 HNO3, k\u00e8m c\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-vi-sao-304-va-201-phan-ung-khac-nhau\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tom_tat_nhanh_vi_sao_304_va_201_phan_ung_khac_nhau\"><\/span>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: v\u00ec sao 304 v\u00e0 201 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304 (UNS S30400): 18\u201320% Cr, 8\u201310.5% Ni, Mn \u22642%. Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi axit nitric.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 201 (UNS S20100): 16\u201318% Cr, Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (\u22481\u20134.5%), Mn cao (5.5\u20137.5%). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u201ctea-stain\u201d trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) s\u1ebd cho m\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean 304 (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o r\u1ed7\/clorua (nh\u01b0 FeCl3) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng oxy h\u00f3a (NaCl + H2O2) s\u1ebd l\u00e0m 201 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/r\u1ec9 nhanh h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e1c th\u00e9p: datasheet 304 v\u00e0 201 c\u1ee7a AZoM\/AK Steel\/worldstainless.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-chuan-bi-chung-va-an-toan-truoc-khi-thu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_bi_chung_va_an_toan_truoc_khi_thu\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chung v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: k\u00ednh, g\u0103ng nitrile, kh\u1ea9u trang, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 r\u1eeda: n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch; dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 5% (trung h\u00f2a axit); kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u: acetone\/IPA.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea1o nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m 400\u2013800 ho\u1eb7c d\u0169a s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1i (tr\u00e1nh l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng\/ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eed: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e9p ph\u00f4i, ph\u1ea7n \u1ea9n sau khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ef1ng trong kim lo\u1ea1i; d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n; thu gom ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-phuong-phap-1-thuoc-thu-ni-dmg-phan-biet-dua-tren-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_1_Thuoc_thu_Ni_DMG_%E2%80%93_phan_biet_dua_tren_ham_luong_niken\"><\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) \u2013 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng\u2013\u0111\u1ecf v\u1edbi ion Ni2+. 304 ch\u1ee9a ~8\u201310.5% Ni cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh; 201 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p cho m\u00e0u y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o: thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Merck\/Hach\/Sigma-Aldrich; c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kit \u201cNickel Spot Test\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dung_cu_%E2%80%93_hoa_chat\"><\/span>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) d\u1ea1ng dung d\u1ecbch s\u1eb5n d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 pha 1% DMG trong ethanol, ki\u1ec1m h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng NH4OH.<br \/>\n&#8211; HCl 10% (ho\u1eb7c 5\u201310%): h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ion Ni tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103m b\u00f4ng\/\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m m\u1ecbn, dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_tung_buoc\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed (kho\u1ea3ng 1 cm\u00b2).<br \/>\n2) Nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt HCl 10% l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong 10\u201315 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; th\u1ea5m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y.<br \/>\n3) Nh\u1ecf 2\u20133 gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed DMG l\u00ean \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n4) Ch\u1edd 30\u201360 gi\u00e2y, quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0u. R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dien_giai_ket_qua\"><\/span>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhanh (\u226430 s), r\u00f5 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 Inox 304 (Ni cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1t, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eadm (>60 s) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y: Nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 Inox 201 (Ni th\u1ea5p).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n\/d\u1ea7u: l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Luu_y_han_che\"><\/span>L\u01b0u \u00fd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1ea1\/vecni\/ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u2013 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng DMG l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh; \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam 1\u20132 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng XRF c\u1ea7m tay khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-phuong-phap-2-thu-an-mon-diem-bang-fecl3-6-rut-gon\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_2_Thu_an_mon_diem_bang_FeCl3_6_rut_gon_theo_tinh_than_ASTM_G48\"><\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng FeCl3 6% (r\u00fat g\u1ecdn theo tinh th\u1ea7n ASTM G48)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac-2\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua m\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 nhanh. 201 k\u00e9m ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 h\u01a1n 304 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/r\u1ed7 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. ASTM G48 d\u00f9ng FeCl3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed pitting\/crevice, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n r\u00fat g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM G48 \u2013 Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dung_cu_%E2%80%93_hoa_chat-2\"><\/span>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; FeCl3 6% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (60 g FeCl3\u00b76H2O trong 1 L n\u01b0\u1edbc DI).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00f4ng g\u00f2n\/t\u0103m b\u00f4ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u1ea5m gi\u1edd; n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda v\u00e0 NaHCO3 5% \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n2) T\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt b\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3 6%, \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n3) Th\u1eddi gian: 10\u201315 ph\u00fat \u1edf 20\u201325\u00b0C; tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<br \/>\n4) G\u1ee1 b\u00f4ng, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng NaHCO3 5%, lau kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n5) Quan s\u00e1t k\u00ednh l\u00fap c\u1ea7m tay n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dien_giai\"><\/span>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 201: th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft \u1ed1 n\u00e2u\/v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed1m r\u1ed7 li ti trong 5\u201315 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304: \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1ed1 trong 10 ph\u00fat; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ec9n nh\u1eb9 n\u1ebfu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 304 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u2013 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-phuong-phap-3-thu-nhanh-muoi-oxy-gia-nacl-5-h2o2-3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_3_Thu_nhanh_muoi_oxy_gia_NaCl_5_H2O2_3\"><\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3: Th\u1eed nhanh mu\u1ed1i + oxy gi\u00e0 (NaCl 5% + H2O2 3%)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac-3\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NaCl v\u00e0 H2O2 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a s\u1eaft. 201 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304 n\u00ean r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t nhanh, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dung_cu_%E2%80%93_hoa_chat-3\"><\/span>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch NaCl 5% (50 g mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ebfp trong 1 L n\u01b0\u1edbc).<br \/>\n&#8211; Hydrogen peroxide 3% (oxy gi\u00e0 y t\u1ebf).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt\/\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, b\u0103ng d\u00ednh t\u1ea1o \u00f4 test.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh-2\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) T\u1ea1o hai \u00f4 nh\u1ecf (\u22482\u00d72 cm) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n2) Nh\u1ecf\/x\u1ecbt NaCl 5% ph\u1ee7 \u01b0\u1edbt, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ecf th\u00eam H2O2 3% theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 1:1 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<br \/>\n3) Quan s\u00e1t trong 10, 30, 60 v\u00e0 120 ph\u00fat; b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n4) R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, trung h\u00f2a nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng NaHCO3 5%, lau kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dien_giai-2\"><\/span>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 201: th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\u2013n\u00e2u, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf trong 10\u201330 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304: gi\u1eef s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u226560\u2013120 ph\u00fat; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201ctea-stain\u201d m\u1edd n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb s\u1eaft b\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-phuong-phap-4-hno3-20-phep-thu-sang-loc-khong-phai\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_4_HNO3_20_%E2%80%93_phep_thu_sang_loc_khong_phai_chinh_de_tach_304201\"><\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 4: HNO3 20% \u2013 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 304\/201)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_va_cach_lam\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>HNO3 l\u00e0 axit oxy h\u00f3a; c\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 304 v\u00e0 201) \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu HNO3 t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t 304\u2013201 qua HNO3 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh xem v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pha HNO3 20% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch; nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, quan s\u00e1t 1\u20133 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 304 v\u00e0 201 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; n\u1ebfu s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt\/\u0111en m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 th\u00e9p carbon\/th\u1ea5p Cr.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0103n m\u00f2n inox trong axit nitric c\u1ee7a worldstainless\/Outokumpu.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-ket-hop-phep-thu-quy-trinh-quyet-dinh-tai-xuong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_hop_phep_thu_quy_trinh_quyet_dinh_tai_xuong\"><\/span>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e9p th\u1eed: quy tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 (b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c): Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n (t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u + m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb): DMG test Ni.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ecf r\u00f5 trong \u226430 s \u2192 Nghi\u00eang 304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t\/kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u2192 Nghi\u00eang 201.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 (x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn): FeCl3 6% trong 10\u201315 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c test mu\u1ed1i + H2O2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/r\u1ed7 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ecfng): g\u1eedi m\u1eabu \u0111o quang ph\u1ed5 XRF ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-meo-thuc-te-sai-lam-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meo_thuc_te_sai_lam_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\"><\/span>M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sai l\u1ea7m: th\u1eed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00ednh d\u1ea7u, xi m\u1ea1, s\u01a1n \u2013 l\u00e0m \u00e2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 t\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 th\u00e9p carbon): c\u1ea3 304 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ctea-stain\u201d. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch\/kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m theo ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng CuSO4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c\u201d: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Th\u1eed CuSO4 theo ASTM A380 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do\/ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 201\/304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0103n m\u00f2n trong test FeCl3 v\u00e0 H2O2\u2013mu\u1ed1i; gi\u1eef trong 20\u201325\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 304 b\u1ecb \u1ed1; b\u00e1m theo m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-dung-cuthuoc-thu-goi-y-de-tim-o-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dung_cuthuoc_thu_goi_y_de_tim_o_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed9 th\u1eed Ni (DMG): Merck Nickel Test, Hach Nickel Test Kit\/Paper, Sigma-Aldrich DMG solution.<br \/>\n&#8211; FeCl3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; H2O2 3% y t\u1ebf; mu\u1ed1i NaCl tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng v\u00f3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; HNO3 65% (pha lo\u00e3ng xu\u1ed1ng 20% khi d\u00f9ng).<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 MSDS c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM G48 \u2013 Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts (bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eed CuSO4 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do).<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM: Stainless Steel Grade 304 (UNS S30400) \u2013 datasheet; Stainless Steel Grade 201 (UNS S20100) \u2013 datasheet.<br \/>\n&#8211; worldstainless (ISSF): H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong axit nitric.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 201 nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed: DMG (test niken) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c (FeCl3 6% ho\u1eb7c NaCl 5% + H2O2 3%).<br \/>\n&#8211; DMG cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni (304 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh; 201 y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng), c\u00f2n FeCl3\/NaCl+H2O2 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u1ed1 (201 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u nhanh h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; HNO3 20% ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc inox, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e1ch 304\u2013201 ch\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t mua inox 304\/201 chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng DMG (test Ni), FeCl3, H2O2\u2013mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 HNO3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 304 v\u00e0 201; k\u00e8m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, an to\u00e0n, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, m\u1eb9o x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2411\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}