{"id":2416,"date":"2026-08-08T00:33:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T17:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T00:33:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T17:33:42","slug":"do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Inox"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2416&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Inox&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Vi_sao_do_trong_luong_rieng_huu_ich_trong_kiem_tra_inox\" >V\u00ec sao \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ki\u1ec3m tra inox?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Nguyen_ly_va_cong_thuc_cot_loi\" >Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Chuan_bi_mau_dung_cach\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Ba_cach_thuc_hien_tai_xuong\" >Ba c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Cach_1_Can_thuoc_cap_tamthanh_dac_be_mat_phang\" >C\u00e1ch 1: C\u00e2n + th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p (t\u1ea5m\/thanh \u0111\u1eb7c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Cach_2_Can_thuy_tinhArchimedes_moi_hinh_dang_dac\" >C\u00e1ch 2: C\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh\/Archimedes (m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Cach_3_Binh_ti_trongpycnometer_mau_vunbot\" >C\u00e1ch 3: B\u00ecnh t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng\/pycnometer (m\u1eabu v\u1ee5n\/b\u1ed9t)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Dai_mat_do_tham_chieu_theo_mac_inox_thong_dung\" >D\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu theo m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Cach_dien_giai_ket_qua_do\" >C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Do_khong_dam_bao_va_cach_giam_sai_so\" >\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Tinh_huong_thuc_te_thuong_gap\" >T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Chuan_muc_va_nguon_tham_khao_ky_thuat\" >Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Khi_nao_can_kiem_dinh_nang_cao\" >Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e2ng cao?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-trong-luong-rieng-de-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-thanh-phan-inox-2\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-do-trong-luong-rieng-huu-ich-trong-kiem-tra\">V\u00ec sao \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ki\u1ec3m tra inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-ly-va-cong-thuc-cot-loi\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chuan-bi-mau-dung-cach\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-ba-cach-thuc-hien-tai-xuong\">Ba c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-dai-mat-do-tham-chieu-theo-mac-inox-thong-dung\">D\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu theo m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cach-dien-giai-ket-qua-do\">C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-do-khong-dam-bao-va-cach-giam-sai-so\">\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tinh-huong-thuc-te-thuong-gap\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-chuan-muc-va-nguon-tham-khao-ky-thuat\">Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-khi-nao-can-kiem-dinh-nang-cao\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e2ng cao?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhanh, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n inox ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb sai m\u00e1c th\u00f4, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gia c\u00f4ng hay l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-do-trong-luong-rieng-huu-ich-trong-kiem-tra\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_do_trong_luong_rieng_huu_ich_trong_kiem_tra_inox\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ki\u1ec3m tra inox?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: so v\u1edbi th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u201cc\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng\u201d, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cho con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 so d\u1ea3i m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edfng: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa nh\u00f3m austenit (300 series ~7,9\u20138,0 g\/cm3) v\u00e0 ferrit\/mactenxit (400 series ~7,7\u20137,75 g\/cm3), ho\u1eb7c nghi ng\u1edd 201 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t\u201d 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5p; v\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u201cch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d m\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch PMI (XRF\/OES) khi c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-ly-va-cong-thuc-cot-loi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_ly_va_cong_thuc_cot_loi\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: \u03c1 = m\/V (g\/cm3).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Archimedes (c\u00e2n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 khi nh\u00fang trong n\u01b0\u1edbc):<br \/>\n  \u03c1_m\u1eabu = [W_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed \/ (W_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed \u2212 W_nh\u00fang)] \u00d7 \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc(T)<br \/>\n  Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2248 0,9982 g\/cm3 (20\u00b0C), 0,9970 g\/cm3 (25\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc (t\u1ea5m\/thanh \u1ed1ng): t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i \u03c1 = kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/th\u1ec3 t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n):<br \/>\n&#8211; 20\u00b0C: 0,9982 g\/cm3<br \/>\n&#8211; 25\u00b0C: 0,9970 g\/cm3<br \/>\n&#8211; 30\u00b0C: 0,9957 g\/cm3<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chuan-bi-mau-dung-cach\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_bi_mau_dung_cach\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1eaft m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n (\u01b0u ti\u00ean \u226510 cm3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1), l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u\/m\u1ea1t, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba via \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed khi nh\u00fang (nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t r\u1eeda b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n), gi\u1eef m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m th\u00e0nh\/\u0111\u00e1y c\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-ba-cach-thuc-hien-tai-xuong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ba_cach_thuc_hien_tai_xuong\"><\/span>Ba c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_1_Can_thuoc_cap_tamthanh_dac_be_mat_phang\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch 1: C\u00e2n + th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p (t\u1ea5m\/thanh \u0111\u1eb7c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: c\u00e2n 0,01 g; th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p 0,01 mm.<br \/>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n1) C\u1eaft m\u1eabu t\u1ea5m vu\u00f4ng v\u1eafn; \u0111o L, W, t (mm).<br \/>\n2) Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch V (cm3) = (L\u00d7W\u00d7t)\/1000.<br \/>\n3) C\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m (g) \u21d2 \u03c1 = m\/V.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 (t\u1ea5m 304 nghi ng\u1edd): 30\u00d730\u00d72 mm \u21d2 V = (30\u00d730\u00d72)\/1000 = 1,80 cm3.<br \/>\nC\u00e2n m = 14,27 g \u21d2 \u03c1 = 14,27\/1,80 = 7,93 g\/cm3 (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p 304).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p r\u1ed7ng: V = \u03c0\u00d7(D_o^2 \u2212 D_i^2)\/4 \u00d7 L (mm3), \u0111\u1ed5i ra cm3 b\u1eb1ng chia 1000.<br \/>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 (\u1ed1ng \u00d834\u00d71,5, d\u00e0i 100 mm): V \u2248 15,31 cm3; n\u1ebfu m = 121,4 g \u21d2 \u03c1 = 7,93 g\/cm3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_2_Can_thuy_tinhArchimedes_moi_hinh_dang_dac\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch 2: C\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh\/Archimedes (m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: c\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u00f3c treo\/gi\u00e1 th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh, c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf.<br \/>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n1) C\u00e2n m\u1eabu kh\u00f4: W_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n2) Nh\u00fang m\u1eabu treo t\u1ef1 do trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ed1c), kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt \u21d2 \u0111\u1ecdc W_nh\u00fang.<br \/>\n3) Tra \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 T; t\u00ednh \u03c1_m\u1eabu = [W_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed \/ (W_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed \u2212 W_nh\u00fang)] \u00d7 \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc(T).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 25\u00b0C, W_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed = 78,50 g; W_nh\u00fang = 68,58 g; \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc = 0,9970.<br \/>\n\u03c1 = 78,50\/(78,50\u221268,58)\u00d70,9970 = 78,50\/9,92\u00d70,9970 \u2248 7,89 g\/cm3 (thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m austenit).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_3_Binh_ti_trongpycnometer_mau_vunbot\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch 3: B\u00ecnh t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng\/pycnometer (m\u1eabu v\u1ee5n\/b\u1ed9t)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c; d\u00f9ng pycnometer v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc\/ethanol, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. C\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 do gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-dai-mat-do-tham-chieu-theo-mac-inox-thong-dung\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dai_mat_do_tham_chieu_theo_mac_inox_thong_dung\"><\/span>D\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu theo m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenit (300 series):<br \/>\n  \u2022 304\/304L: kho\u1ea3ng 7,90\u20137,93 g\/cm3<br \/>\n  \u2022 316\/316L: kho\u1ea3ng 7,98\u20138,00 g\/cm3<br \/>\n  \u2022 321\/347: kho\u1ea3ng ~7,9\u20138,0 g\/cm3<br \/>\n&#8211; Austenit Mn cao (200 series, 201\/202): th\u01b0\u1eddng ~7,7\u20137,9 g\/cm3 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn 304 t\u00f9y h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\/Mn\/N).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferrit (430): kho\u1ea3ng 7,70\u20137,75 g\/cm3<br \/>\n&#8211; Mactenxit (410\/420): kho\u1ea3ng 7,72\u20137,75 g\/cm3<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex (2205): kho\u1ea3ng 7,80\u20137,85 g\/cm3<br \/>\n&#8211; Austenit cao h\u1ee3p kim (904L): kho\u1ea3ng 7,95\u20138,00 g\/cm3<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhanh: Ni (8,90 g\/cm3) v\u00e0 Mo (10,28 g\/cm3) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9; Cr (7,19 g\/cm3), Mn (7,47 g\/cm3) l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 so v\u1edbi s\u1eaft n\u1ec1n (7,87 g\/cm3). V\u00ec v\u1eady 316 (c\u00f3 Mo) th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 304; 430 (kh\u00f4ng Ni) th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n 304.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cach-dien-giai-ket-qua-do\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_dien_giai_ket_qua_do\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u03c1 \u2265 7,95 g\/cm3: nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 316\/904L (ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam Mo b\u1eb1ng XRF \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh 316 vs 304).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u03c1 ~ 7,90\u20137,94 g\/cm3: ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p 304\/304L; n\u1ebfu h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 430 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (nh\u01b0ng \u03c1 430 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u03c1 ~ 7,75\u20137,85 g\/cm3: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 430\/410 (nh\u00f3m 400) ho\u1eb7c 201 Mn cao; c\u1ea7n th\u1eed t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u03c1 < 7,70 g\/cm3: nghi ng\u1edd sai m\u00e1c, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, l\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c (nh\u00f4m, th\u00e9p ph\u1ee7\u2026). C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1eabu.\n\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:  \n1) Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m nhanh.  \n2) \u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sai s\u1ed1 \u2264 \u00b10,03 g\/cm3).  \n3) N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c: PMI b\u1eb1ng XRF\/OES.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-do-khong-dam-bao-va-cach-giam-sai-so\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_khong_dam_bao_va_cach_giam_sai_so\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: c\u00e2n 0,01 g; th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p 0,01 mm; nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf 0,5\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf: lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng V \u2265 10 cm3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1eaft m\u1eabu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc: hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc theo T; l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p \u0111o trong 20\u201325\u00b0C \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecdt kh\u00ed\/d\u1ea7u: t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t b\u1ecdt; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam 1 gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh thay v\u00ec t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng r\u1ed7ng: \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c D_o, D_i, L nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m; l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n gi\u00f3\/dao \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2n n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, k\u00ea ph\u1eb3ng, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n kh\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<p>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh sai s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi m\u1eabu 10\u201330 cm3, c\u00e2n 0,01 g: \u00b10,02 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00b10,05 g\/cm3, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m 300 (~7,9\u20138,0) v\u00e0 400 (~7,7\u20137,75).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tinh-huong-thuc-te-thuong-gap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_huong_thuc_te_thuong_gap\"><\/span>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nghi 201 b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 304: \u03c1 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ~7,78 g\/cm3, m\u1eabu h\u01a1i h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m \u21d2 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 201\/202 cao Mn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316: \u03c1 7,99 g\/cm3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd 316; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng XRF (Mo ~2%).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0ng 430 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn trong l\u00f4 304: \u03c1 ~7,73 g\/cm3 v\u00e0 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh \u21d2 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-chuan-muc-va-nguon-tham-khao-ky-thuat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_muc_va_nguon_tham_khao_ky_thuat\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook \u2013 Physical properties (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox): https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com\/handbook<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels: Properties, Grades: https:\/\/www.nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM Materials Database (AISI 304\/316\/430 datasheets): https:\/\/www.azom.com<br \/>\n&#8211; NIST\/Engineering Toolbox \u2013 M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM B311 (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i thi\u00eau k\u1ebft) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Archimedes (tham kh\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111o).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-khi-nao-can-kiem-dinh-nang-cao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_nao_can_kiem_dinh_nang_cao\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e2ng cao?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Mua s\u1eafm d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: d\u00f9ng PMI XRF\/OES \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim (Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, N).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nghi ng\u1edd gian l\u1eadn m\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng: k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1eed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh (\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i k\u00e8m l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng: \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu MTC\/Mill Test Certificate.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra inox \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh: n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang (m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ecdt\/sai s\u1ed1), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c (300 vs 400, 304 vs 316 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nguy c\u01a1 sai m\u00e1c\/pha t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 PMI c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u201cbi\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc hay Archimedes), so d\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh\/PMI khi c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng inox 201\/304\/316\/430? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang Inox \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304\/316\/430. C\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, sai s\u1ed1, d\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o cho x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2416\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}