{"id":2422,"date":"2026-08-09T12:34:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T05:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T12:34:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T05:34:50","slug":"kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox ph\u00f2ng lab: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 OES, XRF, ICP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2422&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox ph\u00f2ng lab: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 OES, XRF, ICP&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n        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class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Vi_sao_phai_kiem_dinh_inox_bang_phan_tich_quang_pho\" >V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Tong_quan_cac_phuong_phap_quang_pho_dung_cho_inox\" >T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quang ph\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng cho inox<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Chi_tiet_ky_thuat_va_khi_nao_chon_moi_phuong_phap\" >Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#XRF_sang_loc_nhanh_va_PMI_khong_pha_huy\" >XRF: s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh v\u00e0 PMI kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Spark_OES_tieu_chuan_vang_cho_phan_tich_thanh_phan_inox\" >Spark OES: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n inox<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#ICP%E2%80%91OESICP%E2%80%91MS_do_nhay_cao_cho_doi_chieu_trong_tai\" >ICP\u2011OES\/ICP\u2011MS: \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao cho \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#LIBS_toc_do_cao_co_kha_nang_uoc_luong_C\" >LIBS: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#GD%E2%80%91OES_va_SEM%E2%80%91EDS_danh_gia_be_mat_moi_han_lop_phu\" >GD\u2011OES v\u00e0 SEM\u2011EDS: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Do_C_S_N_chuyen_biet_bang_dot_chaynhiet_phan\" >\u0110o C, S, N chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y\/nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Quy_trinh_kiem_dinh_inox_tai_phong_lab_theo_chuan\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab theo chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Vi_du_thuc_te_doc_ket_qua_va_nhan_dien_mac\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Do_chinh_xac_gioi_han_phat_hien_va_do_khong_dam_bao_do\" >\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\" >L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Chon_phuong_phap_theo_bai_toan_thuc_te\" >Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Tieu_chuan_ky_thuat_va_muc_chap_nhan_thuong_dung\" >Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Thoi_gian_va_chi_phi_tham_khao\" >Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Nguon_tham_khao\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-phai-kiem-dinh-inox-bang-phan-tich-quang-ph\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tong-quan-cac-phuong-phap-quang-pho-dung-cho-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quang ph\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng cho inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chi-tiet-ky-thuat-va-khi-nao-chon-moi-phuong-phap\">Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-kiem-dinh-inox-tai-phong-lab-theo-chuan\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab theo chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-vi-du-thuc-te-doc-ket-qua-va-nhan-dien-mac\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-do-chinh-xac-gioi-han-phat-hien-va-do-khong-dam-ba\">\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-chon-phuong-phap-theo-bai-toan-thuc-te\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-tieu-chuan-ky-thuat-va-muc-chap-nhan-thuong-dung\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-thoi-gian-va-chi-phi-tham-khao\">Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong chu\u1ed7i \u201cPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox\u201d, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c th\u00e9p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quang ph\u1ed5 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng cho inox (OES, XRF, ICP, LIBS, GD\u2011OES, SEM\u2011EDS), c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n ISO\/ASTM, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-phai-kiem-dinh-inox-bang-phan-tich-quang-ph\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_phai_kiem_dinh_inox_bang_phan_tich_quang_pho\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: C, N, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Si, P, S, Cu, Ti, Nb, Co\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1c theo ISO 15510 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240\/A276\/A312.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: PMI ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 201 b\u00e1n thay 304), nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn L\u2011grade (C \u2264 0,03%), ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/filler, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tong-quan-cac-phuong-phap-quang-pho-dung-cho-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_cac_phuong_phap_quang_pho_dung_cho_inox\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quang ph\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng cho inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; XRF (X\u2011ray Fluorescence, c\u1ea7m tay ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: nhanh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7, t\u1ed1t cho PMI hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh; \u0111o t\u1ed1t Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Ti, Nb, Co.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C, N, B; \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u1eb9 k\u00e9m; b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/oxy ho\u00e1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Spark OES (Optical Emission Spectrometry ph\u00e1t tia l\u1eeda):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: ph\u00f2ng lab ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m C, P, S v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 N; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/304L, 316\/316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng, m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0y, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ar, l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; ICP\u2011OES\/ICP\u2011MS (quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng plasma):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t cao sau khi ho\u00e0 tan; t\u1ed1t cho v\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 m\u1eabu; kh\u00f4ng \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp C\/N trong n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i (C, N c\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang).<br \/>\n&#8211; LIBS (Laser\u2011Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: nhanh, g\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u C \u1edf m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\/N ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng OES; ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; GD\u2011OES (Glow Discharge OES):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, th\u1ea5m nit\u01a1, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1eabu ph\u1eb3ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng phu.<br \/>\n&#8211; SEM\u2011EDS\/WDS (hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t k\u00e8m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1n s\u1eafc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/ b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf (m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, bao th\u1ec3); \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cbulk chemistry\u201d cho ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chi-tiet-ky-thuat-va-khi-nao-chon-moi-phuong-phap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_tiet_ky_thuat_va_khi_nao_chon_moi_phuong_phap\"><\/span>Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XRF_sang_loc_nhanh_va_PMI_khong_pha_huy\"><\/span>XRF: s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh v\u00e0 PMI kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: tia X k\u00edch th\u00edch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng; thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb EDXRF (c\u1ea7m tay\/\u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n) ho\u1eb7c WDXRF (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh (Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn) sai s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng \u00b10,03\u20130,10% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n; c\u1ea7m tay th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C, N, B \u21d2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c L\u2011grade ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p nit\u01a1 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: l\u1edbp oxy ho\u00e1, s\u01a1n, m\u1ea1 s\u1ebd sai l\u1ec7ch; c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1eadt m\u1ecfng\/bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf g\u00e2y sai s\u1ed1 do h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI nhanh trong kho\/x\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 201\/304\/316\/430, ki\u1ec3m tra Mo trong 316\/316L\/317, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e9p free\u2011cutting ch\u1ee9a S.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ti\u1ec1n s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi m\u1eabu OES\/ICP \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spark_OES_tieu_chuan_vang_cho_phan_tich_thanh_phan_inox\"><\/span>Spark OES: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: ph\u00f3ng tia l\u1eeda trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ar, \u0111o quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C, S, P r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t (C \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee1 0,002\u20130,005% v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p); m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 k\u00eanh N chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t duplex\/nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c gi\u00e2y\/l\u1ea7n \u0111o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\/chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eafng s\u00e1ng (m\u00e0i gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m\/\u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn); lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp x\u1ec9 c\u00e1n \u0111en, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1eabu d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 3\u20135 mm ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u0111e chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho d\u00e2y\/thanh nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n theo ma tr\u1eadn (Fe\u2011base) b\u1eb1ng CRM\/NIST SRM; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m QC \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu: ASTM E1086 (Spark\u2011AES cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9); qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m theo ISO\/IEC 17025.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c theo ASTM\/ISO, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 vs 304L, 316 vs 316L, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t P\/S th\u1ea5p, x\u00e1c minh N trong duplex.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ICP%E2%80%91OESICP%E2%80%91MS_do_nhay_cao_cho_doi_chieu_trong_tai\"><\/span>ICP\u2011OES\/ICP\u2011MS: \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao cho \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: ho\u00e0 tan m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng acid (HCl\/HNO3\/HF ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p), pha lo\u00e3ng, \u0111o tr\u00ean ICP\u2011OES (\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ppm\u2013%) ho\u1eb7c ICP\u2011MS (ppb\u2013ppm).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu th\u1ebf: tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u1edbi Mo, Nb, Ti, Cu\u2026; d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi OES\/XRF.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C v\u00e0 N kh\u00f4ng \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ICP; c\u1ea7n ph\u00e9p \u0111o ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n trong ho\u00e0 tan l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh; c\u1ea7n blank v\u00e0 spike recovery.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM E1479 (ICP\u2011AES cho h\u1ee3p kim Ni\/Co, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cho n\u1ec1n Fe); ISO\/IEC 17025 cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c PTN.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng: tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1ebft, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Nb\/Ti \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e1 trong 321\/347.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LIBS_toc_do_cao_co_kha_nang_uoc_luong_C\"><\/span>LIBS: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ednh n\u0103ng: \u0111o nhanh, \u00edt chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m tay c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 ma tr\u1eadn cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u C gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i L\u2011grade \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n; \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c C k\u00e9m h\u01a1n OES; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GD%E2%80%91OES_va_SEM%E2%80%91EDS_danh_gia_be_mat_moi_han_lop_phu\"><\/span>GD\u2011OES v\u00e0 SEM\u2011EDS: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; GD\u2011OES: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0i \u00b5m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c \u00b5m, h\u1eefu \u00edch khi ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, l\u1edbp m\u1ea1, th\u1ea5m N; tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM E1523.<br \/>\n&#8211; SEM\u2011EDS\/WDS: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/bao th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu\/gi\u00e0u Mo\/Cr g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM E1508.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_C_S_N_chuyen_biet_bang_dot_chaynhiet_phan\"><\/span>\u0110o C, S, N chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y\/nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C, S: ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i; N (v\u00e0 O, H): n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong kh\u00ed tr\u01a1\/inert gas fusion.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: ASTM E1019 cho C\/S\/N\/O\/H trong th\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn L\u2011grade, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t S th\u1ea5p cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-kiem-dinh-inox-tai-phong-lab-theo-chuan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_kiem_dinh_inox_tai_phong_lab_theo_chuan\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab theo chu\u1ea9n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t: ghi m\u00e3 heat\/lot, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i k\u00e8m (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u01a1n\/d\u1ea7u\/r\u1ec9\/l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng\/t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng: c\u1eaft m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec7m\/\u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n; tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t khi m\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI nhanh: XRF\/LIBS.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn\/soi C,N: Spark OES \u00b1 LECO (C\/S\/N).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tranh ch\u1ea5p\/v\u1ebft: ICP\u2011OES\/MS.<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: GD\u2011OES\/SEM\u2011EDS.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng CRM\/SRM ma tr\u1eadn Fe\u2011base ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra drift b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m theo ca; t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111o l\u1eb7p n\u22652 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 RSD.<br \/>\n  &#8211; X\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o theo ISO\/IEC 17025.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; So s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i ISO 15510 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (ASTM A240 t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1, ASTM A276 thanh, ASTM A312 \u1ed1ng\u2026).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed PMI c\u1ee7a API RP 578 cho nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1o c\u00e1o:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ghi r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, CRM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00b1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e1c\/\u0111\u1ea1t\u2011kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-vi-du-thuc-te-doc-ket-qua-va-nhan-dien-mac\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_thuc_te_doc_ket_qua_va_nhan_dien_mac\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1eabu A (Spark OES + C b\u1eb1ng LECO):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr 18,2%; Ni 8,4%; Mo 0,03%; Mn 1,2%; Si 0,45%; P 0,028%; S 0,005%; C 0,025%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ISO 15510 cho 1.4307 (304L). K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eabu B:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr 16,9%; Ni 11,1%; Mo 2,25%; Mn 1,4%; Si 0,60%; P 0,030%; S 0,007%; C 0,035%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: 316 (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i L\u2011grade v\u00ec C > 0,03%).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eabu C (XRF s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng OES):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr 16,3%; Ni 3,9%; Mn 6,2%; Mo 0,05%; Cu 0,3%; C \u0111o OES 0,07%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: nh\u00f3m 201 (th\u00e9p Mn\u2011Ni th\u1ea5p). K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 201.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-do-chinh-xac-gioi-han-phat-hien-va-do-khong-dam-ba\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_chinh_xac_gioi_han_phat_hien_va_do_khong_dam_bao_do\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay: ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh; kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho C\/N.<br \/>\n&#8211; Spark OES:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C: \u0111\u1ebfn ~0,002\u20130,005% v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cao c\u1ea5p; P\/S: ~0,002\u20130,010%; c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: sai s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00b10,02\u20130,05%.<br \/>\n&#8211; ICP\u2011OES\/MS:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim v\u1ebft: ppm\u2013ppb; song c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0 tan.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 theo ISO\/IEC 17025 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng CRM\/so s\u00e1nh li\u00ean ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_thuong_gap_va_cach_khac_phuc\"><\/span>L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n\/oxy ho\u00e1: lu\u00f4n m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eafng; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00e1n \u0111en.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/m\u1ea1: d\u00f9ng GD\u2011OES \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111o XRF\/OES.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eabu qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng\/nh\u1ecf: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft gh\u00e9p; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, chuy\u1ec3n ICP.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n ly vi m\u00f4 \u1edf m\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac\/h\u00e0n: \u0111o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh; d\u00f9ng SEM\u2011EDS cho c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sai ma tr\u1eadn\/hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n theo n\u1ec1n Fe\u2011Cr\u2011Ni; ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng CRM tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-chon-phuong-phap-theo-bai-toan-thuc-te\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chon_phuong_phap_theo_bai_toan_thuc_te\"><\/span>Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nghi\u1ec7m thu nhanh t\u1ea1i kho\/x\u01b0\u1edfng: XRF ho\u1eb7c LIBS, sau \u0111\u00f3 OES khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn 304L\/316L (C th\u1ea5p): Spark OES ho\u1eb7c LECO C k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p XRF\/OES cho nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra duplex\/ferritic gi\u00e0u Cr, N: Spark OES c\u00f3 k\u00eanh N; b\u1ed5 sung N b\u1eb1ng IGF n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tranh ch\u1ea5p\/\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1ebft: ICP\u2011OES\/MS.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng\/hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: GD\u2011OES v\u00e0 SEM\u2011EDS.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-tieu-chuan-ky-thuat-va-muc-chap-nhan-thuong-dung\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_ky_thuat_va_muc_chap_nhan_thuong_dung\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1c inox: ISO 15510 (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 1.4301=304; 1.4307=304L; 1.4401=316; 1.4404=316L; 1.4016=430\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A240\/A276\/A312 tu\u1ef3 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PMI\/QA: API RP 578 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c PTN v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o: ISO\/IEC 17025.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e9p \u0111o: ASTM E1086 (Spark OES \u2013 inox), ASTM E1019 (C\/S\/N), h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ICP (ASTM E1479 \u2013 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng), h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn XRF (ASTM E1621), GD\u2011OES (ASTM E1523), SEM\u2011EDS (ASTM E1508).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-thoi-gian-va-chi-phi-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thoi_gian_va_chi_phi_tham_khao\"><\/span>Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; XRF\/LIBS PMI: trong ng\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Spark OES + C\/S\/N: kho\u1ea3ng 1 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<br \/>\n&#8211; ICP\u2011OES\/MS: 2\u20133 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0 tan.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu tu\u1ef3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ISO 15510: Stainless steels \u2014 Chemical composition.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E1086: Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E1019: Standard Test Methods for Determination of C, S, N, and O in Steel, Iron and Related Alloys.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E1621: Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X\u2011ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E1523: Standard Guide for GD\u2011OES Analysis.<br \/>\n&#8211; API RP 578: Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO\/IEC 17025: General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.<br \/>\n&#8211; NIST Atomic Spectra Database (th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; XRF\/LIBS cho s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh v\u00e0 PMI kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7; Spark OES l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f2ng lab t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c inox, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea7n C\/P\/S\/N; ICP\u2011OES\/MS d\u00f9ng cho truy x\u00e9t v\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i; GD\u2011OES v\u00e0 SEM\u2011EDS h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fang, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng CRM v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo ISO\/IEC 17025 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (201\/304\/304L\/316\/316L\/430) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p OES v\u1edbi \u0111o C (LECO) l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh: Hotline 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh inox t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5: so s\u00e1nh OES, XRF, ICP, LIBS; quy tr\u00ecnh, sai s\u1ed1, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO\/ASTM v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2422"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2422\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}