{"id":2464,"date":"2026-08-19T00:34:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T17:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T00:34:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T17:34:59","slug":"vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao inox 304 v\u1eabn r\u1ec9? 10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n &#038; c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2464&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;V\u00ec sao inox 304 v\u1eabn r\u1ec9? 10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \\u0026amp; c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Ban_chat_chong_ri_cua_inox_304_va_vi_sao_van_hong\" >B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox 304 v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao v\u1eabn h\u1ecfng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#10_nguyen_nhan_khien_inox_304_van_bi_ri_thuc_te_thi_truong_Viet_Nam\" >10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn inox 304 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#1_Cloion_Cl%E2%88%92_trong_moi_truong\" >1) Clo\/ion Cl\u2212 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#2_Nhiem_ban_sat_tu_cong_truonggia_cong\" >2) Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#3_Vung_anh_huong_nhiet_va_moi_han\" >3) V\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#4_Khe_ket_dong_nuoc_oxy_thap\" >4) Khe k\u1eb9t, \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, oxy th\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#5_Do_nhambe_mat_hoan_thien_kem\" >5) \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u00e9m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#6_Hoa_chat_tay_rua_sai\" >6) H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda sai<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#7_Nhiet_do_va_am_cao\" >7) Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ea9m cao<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#8_An_mon_dien_hoa_tai_chi_tiet_ghep\" >8) \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft gh\u00e9p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#9_Nhamgia_mac_201_430_doi_lot_304\" >9) Nh\u1ea7m\/gi\u1ea3 m\u00e1c (201, 430 \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t 304)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#10_O_nhiem_cong_nghiep_va_bui_sat\" >10) \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Phan_biet_gi_be_mat_hay_an_mon_thuc_su\" >Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: g\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Quy_trinh_xu_ly_triet_de_theo_muc_do_hu_hai\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Muc_1_%E2%80%93_Tea-staining_bam_ban_nhe_khong_ro\" >M\u1ee9c 1 \u2013 Tea-staining, b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n nh\u1eb9 (kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Muc_2_%E2%80%93_Nhiem_sat_vet_ri_cam_lom_dom\" >M\u1ee9c 2 \u2013 Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, v\u1ebft r\u1ec9 cam l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Muc_3_%E2%80%93_Vet_han_heat_tint_nhay_cam_hoa\" >M\u1ee9c 3 \u2013 V\u1ebft h\u00e0n, heat tint, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Muc_4_%E2%80%93_Ropitting_sau_an_mon_khe\" >M\u1ee9c 4 \u2013 R\u1ed7\/pitting s\u00e2u, \u0103n m\u00f2n khe<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Quy_trinh_chan_doan_tai_cho_duoi_60_phut\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 ph\u00fat)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Phong_ngua_lau_dai_thiet_ke_vat_lieu_hoan_thien_bao_duong\" >Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Chon_mac_vat_lieu_dung_moi_truong\" >Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Hoan_thien_be_mat\" >Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Thiet_ke_chong_dong_nuoc_va_khe_ket\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khe k\u1eb9t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Quy_tac_ve_sinh%E2%80%93bao_duong\" >Quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec7 sinh\u2013b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Kiem_soat_tai_xuongcong_truong\" >Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Lop_bao_ve_bo_sung_khi_can\" >L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung (khi c\u1ea7n)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Vi_du_thuc_te_ngan\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u1eafn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Cac_cau_hoi_ky_thuat_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Tieu_chuan_va_thong_so_ky_thuat_tham_khao\" >Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Nguon_tham_khao\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-304-van-ri-10-nguyen-nhan-cach-xu-ly-dut-diem\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-ban-chat-chong-ri-cua-inox-304-va-vi-sao-van-hong\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox 304 v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao v\u1eabn h\u1ecfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-10-nguyen-nhan-khien-inox-304-van-bi-ri-thuc-te-th\">10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn inox 304 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-phan-biet-gi-be-mat-hay-an-mon-thuc-su\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: g\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-xu-ly-triet-de-theo-muc-do-hu-hai\">Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-trinh-chan-doan-tai-cho-duoi-60-phut\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 ph\u00fat)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-phong-ngua-lau-dai-thiet-ke-vat-lieu-hoan-thien-ba\">Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-vi-du-thuc-te-ngan\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u1eafn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cac-cau-hoi-ky-thuat-thuong-gap\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-tieu-chuan-va-thong-so-ky-thuat-tham-khao\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u201d. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (\u1ea9m, m\u01b0a mu\u1ed1i, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn th\u00e9p \u0111en), l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 c\u1ee7a 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng \u201ctea-staining\u201d, r\u1ed7 pitting hay r\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: v\u00ec sao inox 304 v\u1eabn r\u1ec9, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd\u2013ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m inox \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-ban-chat-chong-ri-cua-inox-304-va-vi-sao-van-hong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ban_chat_chong_ri_cua_inox_304_va_vi_sao_van_hong\"><\/span>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox 304 v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao v\u1eabn h\u1ecfng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n 304: kho\u1ea3ng 18% Cr, 8% Ni t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 si\u00eau m\u1ecfng (t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i khi c\u00f3 oxy). Khi l\u1edbp n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi clo, axit m\u1ea1nh, khe k\u1eb9t thi\u1ebfu oxy, h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\u2026 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tea-staining: \u1ed1 n\u00e2u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Pitting\/crevice: r\u1ed7 l\u1ed7 kim ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n trong khe do ion Cl\u2212.<br \/>\n  &#8211; G\u1ec9 ngo\u1ea1i lai: do h\u1ea1t s\u1eaft th\u00e9p b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox r\u1ed3i r\u1ec9, l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i inox b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-10-nguyen-nhan-khien-inox-304-van-bi-ri-thuc-te-th\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_nguyen_nhan_khien_inox_304_van_bi_ri_thuc_te_thi_truong_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn inox 304 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Cloion_Cl%E2%88%92_trong_moi_truong\"><\/span>1) Clo\/ion Cl\u2212 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ngu\u1ed3n: s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f3 NaClO (javen), mu\u1ed1i b\u00e1m t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: pitting v\u00e0 tea-staining, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4, \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nhiem_ban_sat_tu_cong_truonggia_cong\"><\/span>2) Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/gia c\u00f4ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ee5i m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p \u0111en, c\u1ea9u m\u00f3c th\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. H\u1ea1t s\u1eaft r\u1ec9 g\u00e2y v\u1ebft n\u00e2u cam loang l\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Vung_anh_huong_nhiet_va_moi_han\"><\/span>3) V\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint), kh\u00f4ng pickling\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) \u1edf 450\u2013850\u00b0C l\u00e0m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide \u1edf bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3m Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1ea1t. D\u00f9ng 304L\/308L gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Khe_ket_dong_nuoc_oxy_thap\"><\/span>4) Khe k\u1eb9t, \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, oxy th\u1ea5p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p, gio\u0103ng, k\u1eb9p, khe trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o crevice corrosion.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Do_nhambe_mat_hoan_thien_kem\"><\/span>5) \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u00e9m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e1m, x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u (Ra > 0,8 \u00b5m) gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i \u2192 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 tea-staining, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf bi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Hoa_chat_tay_rua_sai\"><\/span>6) H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda sai<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; HCl, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y xi m\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, javen (NaClO), b\u1ed9t t\u1ea9y c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 ho\u1eb7c bromide; ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\/kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Nhiet_do_va_am_cao\"><\/span>7) Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ea9m cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ea8m 90%+, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 30\u201335\u00b0C t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i (\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh m\u00f9a h\u00e8 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc\/mi\u1ec1n Trung).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_An_mon_dien_hoa_tai_chi_tiet_ghep\"><\/span>8) \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft gh\u00e9p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Li\u00ean k\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng, k\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1i; t\u1eadp trung \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf khe\/bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Nhamgia_mac_201_430_doi_lot_304\"><\/span>9) Nh\u1ea7m\/gi\u1ea3 m\u00e1c (201, 430 \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t 304)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9. Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7; c\u1ea7n PMI\/XRF v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_O_nhiem_cong_nghiep_va_bui_sat\"><\/span>10) \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; SO2\/NOx, b\u1ee5i l\u00f2 th\u00e9p, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u1ea9m mu\u1ed1i \u2192 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-phan-biet-gi-be-mat-hay-an-mon-thuc-su\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_biet_gi_be_mat_hay_an_mon_thuc_su\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: g\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; G\u1ec9 ngo\u1ea1i lai: v\u1ebft n\u00e2u cam m\u1ecfng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3\/b\u1ee5i, lau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pitting\/crevice: c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1ed7 kim, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p t\u1ea1i v\u1ebft; lau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1i; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u201cmi\u1ec7ng\u201d l\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Heat tint\/m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: v\u00f9ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng\/n\u00e2u tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; F\u00e9roxyl test (ASTM A380) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI\/XRF x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Soi k\u00ednh l\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-xu-ly-triet-de-theo-muc-do-hu-hai\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_xu_ly_triet_de_theo_muc_do_hu_hai\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n: v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a HF\/HNO3 ph\u1ea3i do nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, trang b\u1ecb PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; che ch\u1eafn khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_1_%E2%80%93_Tea-staining_bam_ban_nhe_khong_ro\"><\/span>M\u1ee9c 1 \u2013 Tea-staining, b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n nh\u1eb9 (kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) R\u1eeda s\u01a1 b\u1ed9: n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i\/b\u00f9n.<br \/>\n2) T\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch: dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda pH trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c 2\u20135% axit citric\/oxalic; ch\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng pad nylon theo th\u1edb.<br \/>\n3) Trung h\u00f2a\/r\u1eeda: x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt kho\u00e1ng; lau kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n4) T\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng citric 4\u201310% trong 10\u201330 ph\u00fat; r\u1eeda\u2013s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_2_%E2%80%93_Nhiem_sat_vet_ri_cam_lom_dom\"><\/span>M\u1ee9c 2 \u2013 Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, v\u1ebft r\u1ec9 cam l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) Kh\u1eed s\u1eaft: d\u00f9ng gel pickling nh\u1eb9 (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a HF) ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do theo ASTM A380.<br \/>\n2) N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n b\u00e1m c\u1ee9ng: d\u00f9ng gel pickling ch\u1ee9a 8\u201320% HNO3 + 1\u20138% HF b\u00f4i 10\u201360 ph\u00fat t\u00f9y nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n3) R\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1eadt k\u1ef9, trung h\u00f2a ki\u1ec1m n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n4) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: HNO3 20\u201325% \u1edf 40\u201360\u00b0C trong 20\u201330 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c citric 4\u201310% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (theo ASTM A967).<br \/>\n5) Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ferroxyl test; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch, s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_3_%E2%80%93_Vet_han_heat_tint_nhay_cam_hoa\"><\/span>M\u1ee9c 3 \u2013 V\u1ebft h\u00e0n, heat tint, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) M\u00e0i\/\u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng (h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i inox chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng).<br \/>\n2) Pickling v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng gel\/nh\u00fang theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit Cr d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n3) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c sau pickling.<br \/>\n4) Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n 308L\/316L; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ebd h\u00e0n; ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_4_%E2%80%93_Ropitting_sau_an_mon_khe\"><\/span>M\u1ee9c 4 \u2013 R\u1ed7\/pitting s\u00e2u, \u0103n m\u00f2n khe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1) M\u00e0i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i \u201cs\u1ea1ch\u201d.<br \/>\n2) H\u00e0n \u0111\u1eafp\/gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng; sau \u0111\u00f3 pickling\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n3) N\u1ebfu r\u1ed7 lan r\u1ed9ng: thay m\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft; n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (316L\/duplex 2205) cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo cao.<br \/>\n4) C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: m\u1edf khe, th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ecbt m\u00e9p c\u1eaft, tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby mu\u1ed1i\/\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-trinh-chan-doan-tai-cho-duoi-60-phut\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_chan_doan_tai_cho_duoi_60_phut\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 ph\u00fat)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ghi nh\u1eadn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t (ven bi\u1ec3n \u22645 km, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, g\u1ea7n m\u1ea1\/xi m\u0103ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Quan s\u00e1t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ebft (tea-stain, cam b\u1ed9t, r\u1ed7 kim, quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/khe).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Th\u1eed l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n + citric 5% trong 2 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n  &#8211; S\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5: g\u1ec9 ngo\u1ea1i lai\/tea-staining \u2192 M\u1ee9c 1\u20132.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7: pitting\/crevice \u2192 M\u1ee9c 4.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ki\u1ec3m PMI\/XRF n\u1ebfu nghi ng\u1edd m\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 201\/430 \u2192 thay th\u1ebf theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd\u2013ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-phong-ngua-lau-dai-thiet-ke-vat-lieu-hoan-thien-ba\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phong_ngua_lau_dai_thiet_ke_vat_lieu_hoan_thien_bao_duong\"><\/span>Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chon_mac_vat_lieu_dung_moi_truong\"><\/span>Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, \u00edt clo: 304\/304L \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1edf: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316\/316L (c\u00f3 Mo), ho\u1eb7c duplex 2205 cho clo cao. PREN 304 \u2248 18; 316 \u2248 24; 2205 \u2248 34\u201336 \u2192 ch\u1ed1ng pitting t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc clo \u1ea5m\/\u0111\u1ecdng: tr\u00e1nh 304; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea5p (\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoan_thien_be_mat\"><\/span>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ra khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: \u22640,8 \u00b5m ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; \u22640,4 \u00b5m cho ven bi\u1ec3n\/b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng (electropolishing) cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn, d\u1ec5 r\u1eeda, ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u; ch\u1ea3i hairline c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba via, m\u00e9p s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_chong_dong_nuoc_va_khe_ket\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khe k\u1eb9t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Bo m\u00e9p, khoan tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0n k\u00edn khe kh\u00f3 v\u1ec7 sinh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng bul\u00f4ng\/\u0111ai \u1ed1c\/\u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng m\u00e1c (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 304, \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316 \u1edf bi\u1ec3n).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch ly khi bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c; b\u00f4i keo ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec7m phi kim \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m khe v\u00e0 \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_tac_ve_sinh%E2%80%93bao_duong\"><\/span>Quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec7 sinh\u2013b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chu k\u1ef3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba: 1\u20133 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn: 2\u20134 tu\u1ea7n\/l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ee5i\/xi m\u0103ng: h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ee9ng b\u1ee5i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y: pH trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c citric lo\u00e3ng; tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00e1nh HCl v\u00e0 javen. R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: kh\u0103n m\u1ec1m\/pad nylon. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00fai s\u1eaft th\u00e9p \u0111en; d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cho inox d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau m\u01b0a b\u00e3o\/s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i: r\u1eeda ngay \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i b\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_soat_tai_xuongcong_truong\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khu gia c\u00f4ng inox t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi khu th\u00e9p carbon; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00fat b\u1ee5i ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho inox; b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m tr\u00e1nh b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_bao_ve_bo_sung_khi_can\"><\/span>L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung (khi c\u1ea7n)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 trong su\u1ed1t g\u1ed1c fluoropolymer\/nano ceramic \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i; ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ee7. Theo d\u00f5i t\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-vi-du-thuc-te-ngan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_thuc_te_ngan\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u1eafn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can 304 hairline t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n: tea-staining sau 3 th\u00e1ng do s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i + b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e1m. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng n\u00e2ng Ra ~0,4 \u00b5m, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n sang 316L, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 2 tu\u1ea7n\/l\u1ea7n \u2192 h\u1ebft \u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1eafc Ninh: v\u1ebft cam loang tr\u00ean t\u1ee7 304 m\u1edbi l\u1eafp do b\u1ee5i m\u00e0i th\u00e9p \u0111en. D\u00f9ng gel pickling nh\u1eb9 + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng citric, t\u00e1ch khu gia c\u00f4ng, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang \u2192 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cac-cau-hoi-ky-thuat-thuong-gap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_cau_hoi_ky_thuat_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i; th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304 v\u1edbi 201. D\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 304 trong h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? N\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 clo; t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng 316\/duplex, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean inox? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9; nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e3o h\u00f3a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-tieu-chuan-va-thong-so-ky-thuat-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_va_thong_so_ky_thuat_tham_khao\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, pickling v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m inox (quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox b\u1eb1ng nitric\/citric (d\u1ea3i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian).<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ASSDA, BSSA, Nickel Institute v\u1ec1 tea-staining, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels in Architecture, Tea Staining and Corrosion of Stainless Steel (https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASSDA \u2013 Australian Stainless Steel Development Association: Cleaning and Passivation, Tea Staining Technical FAQs (https:\/\/www.assda.asn.au)<br \/>\n&#8211; BSSA \u2013 British Stainless Steel Association: Corrosion of Stainless Steels, Selection of Grades (https:\/\/bssa.org.uk)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox (https:\/\/www.astm.org)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Inox 304 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1edd l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e0u cr\u00f4m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 khi l\u1edbp n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi clo, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh sai c\u00e1ch. X\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u2013pickling\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, s\u1eeda thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0, khi c\u1ea7n, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 316\/duplex. K\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, inox 304 s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u2013h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3:<br \/>\n&#8211; Hotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\n&#8211; Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inox 304 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 do clo, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft\u2026 B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n r\u1ec9 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2464"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}