{"id":2502,"date":"2026-08-28T12:36:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T05:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/"},"modified":"2026-08-28T12:36:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T05:36:47","slug":"co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox: b\u00ed m\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2502&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox: b\u00ed m\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Lop_mang_crom_thu_dong_la_gi\" >L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Vi_sao_inox_%E2%80%9Ckhong_gi%E2%80%9D_goc_nhin_dien_hoa\" >V\u00ec sao inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d: g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Vai_tro_cua_thanh_phan_hop_kim\" >Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Cac_co_che_lam_suy_yeu_hoac_pha_vo_mang_thu_dong\" >C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Clorua_ro_pitting_an_ke_crevice_va_SCC\" >Clorua: r\u1ed7 (pitting), \u0103n k\u1ebd (crevice) v\u00e0 SCC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Moi_truong_axitkiem\" >M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit\/ki\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Nhiem_sat_tu_do_va_an_mon_dien_hoa\" >Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Anh_huong_han_nhiet_mau_heat_tint_va_nhay_cam_hoa\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u (heat tint) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Thiet_ke_va_dieu_kien_van_hanh\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Toi_uu_chong_gi_lua_chon_vat_lieu_gia_cong_va_bao_tri\" >T\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Chon_mac_inox_theo_moi_truong\" >Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Be_mat_va_hoan_thien\" >B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Quy_trinh_lam_sach_pickling_va_passivation\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, pickling v\u00e0 passivation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Thuc_hanh_han_tot\" >Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Thiet_ke_han_che_khe_tu_dong\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Bao_tri_va_ve_sinh_dinh_ky\" >B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#So_sanh_nhanh_cac_mac_inox_pho_bien_ve_chong_gi\" >So s\u00e1nh nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Cau_hoi_nhanh_%E2%80%93_dap_gon\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Tieu_chuan_va_thu_nghiem_lien_quan\" >Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-khoa-hoc-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong\/#Ket_luan_Chia_khoa_nam_o_lop_mang_crom_va_cach_ban_doi_xu_voi_no\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong-la-gi\">L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-inox-khong-gi-goc-nhin-dien-hoa\">V\u00ec sao inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d: g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-vai-tro-cua-thanh-phan-hop-kim\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-cac-co-che-lam-suy-yeu-hoac-pha-vo-mang-thu-dong\">C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-toi-uu-chong-gi-lua-chon-vat-lieu-gia-cong-va-bao-\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-cac-mac-inox-pho-bien-ve-chong-gi\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-cau-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tieu-chuan-va-thu-nghiem-lien-quan\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ket-luan-chia-khoa-nam-o-lop-mang-crom-va-cach-ban\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox b\u1ec1n g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft\u201d, m\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\/nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-lop-mang-crom-thu-dong-la-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_mang_crom_thu_dong_la_gi\"><\/span>L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: Khi h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ~10,5% Cr ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 oxy (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc), crom s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxit crom Cr2O3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00ednh ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u201cc\u00e1ch ly\u201d kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20133 nm (1 nm = 10\u207b\u2079 m), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 t\u00f9y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i: Khi b\u1ecb x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 hay b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n oxy v\u00e0 \u1ea9m, crom t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c oxy h\u00f3a, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp m\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\/ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e0u Cr2O3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a hydroxide\/oxide c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft v\u00e0 niken \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 crom cao \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e1t kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n: Oxy s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\/v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed), pH trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-inox-khong-gi-goc-nhin-dien-hoa\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_inox_%E2%80%9Ckhong_gi%E2%80%9D_goc_nhin_dien_hoa\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d: g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1, inox c\u00f3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (active): b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 m\u00e0ng, kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0 tan nhanh, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ec9\/\u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passive): l\u1edbp oxit crom \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0 tan kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pourbaix cho h\u1ec7 Fe\u2013Cr\u2013Ni cho th\u1ea5y crom d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng b\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sang th\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9, pH trung t\u00ednh. Nitric l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a \u201cth\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n\u201d v\u1edbi inox, c\u00f2n axit kh\u1eed ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212 (HCl) ph\u00e1 m\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, inox c\u00e0ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-vai-tro-cua-thanh-phan-hop-kim\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai_tro_cua_thanh_phan_hop_kim\"><\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Crom (Cr): Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u226510,5% Cr l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; 17\u201320% Cr trong 304\/316 gi\u00fap m\u00e0ng gi\u00e0u crom, b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Molypden (Mo): T\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd (pitting\/crevice) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua; l\u00e0m m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n trong v\u00f9ng vi khe, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Niken (Ni): \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c austenit, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua (SCC).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nit\u01a1 (N): T\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u00e9p duplex; m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cacbon (C): Cao s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o carbide Cr23C6 \u1edf bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t khi nung 450\u2013850\u00b0C (sensitization), r\u00fat crom kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t, g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1c \u201cL\u201d (C th\u1ea5p), ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb (321\/347), ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7 ho\u00e0 tan sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 so s\u00e1nh ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (PREN):<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: PREN = %Cr + 3,3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: ~18%Cr, ~0%Mo, ~0,05%N \u2192 PREN \u2248 18\u201319 (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: ~17%Cr, ~2,1%Mo, ~0,05%N \u2192 PREN \u2248 24\u201325 (ven bi\u1ec3n, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9).<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: ~22%Cr, ~3%Mo, ~0,17%N \u2192 PREN \u2248 31\u201335 (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, khe h\u1eb9p).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-cac-co-che-lam-suy-yeu-hoac-pha-vo-mang-thu-dong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_co_che_lam_suy_yeu_hoac_pha_vo_mang_thu_dong\"><\/span>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Clorua_ro_pitting_an_ke_crevice_va_SCC\"><\/span>Clorua: r\u1ed7 (pitting), \u0103n k\u1ebd (crevice) v\u00e0 SCC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ion Cl\u2212 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u00e0ng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed7. R\u1ed7 lan nhanh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 axit ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00e0m nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m CPT (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t r\u1ed7) trong NaCl: 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 0\u201310\u00b0C trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t), 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330\u00b0C). Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c pH, oxy, l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n k\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi gio\u0103ng, k\u1eb9p, c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n n\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu oxy, khi\u1ebfn m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; SCC clorua v\u1edbi austenit (304\/316) d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean ~60\u00b0C d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o v\u00e0 clorua hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Duplex\/si\u00eau austenit kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (mang t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3):<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng: 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Cl\u2212 \u2272 200 mg\/L; 316 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn ~1.000 mg\/L khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe h\u1eb9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L, duplex 2205 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi_truong_axitkiem\"><\/span>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit\/ki\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Axit kh\u1eed (HCl, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao) t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhanh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u00e1nh inox 304\/316 trong HCl d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit oxy ho\u00e1 (HNO3) l\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng; 304\/316 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiem_sat_tu_do_va_an_mon_dien_hoa\"><\/span>Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1t s\u1eaft\/c\u1eb7n th\u00e9p carbon b\u00e1m tr\u00ean inox l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ed5\u201d kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u. D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox; t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng pickling\/passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1: inox th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u201cqu\u00fd\u201d h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon; th\u00e9p carbon s\u1ebd g\u1ec9 nhanh trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ly. Tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 inox g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_han_nhiet_mau_heat_tint_va_nhay_cam_hoa\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u (heat tint) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u l\u00e0 l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y sau h\u00e0n\/c\u1eaft plasma, ngh\u00e8o crom \u1edf s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2192 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9. C\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y pickling (HNO3+HF c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) r\u1ed3i passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) \u1edf 450\u2013850\u00b0C l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m crom v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng d\u00f9ng m\u00e1c L ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng \u1ee7 ho\u00e0 tan.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_va_dieu_kien_van_hanh\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thi\u1ebfu oxy, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, khe h\u1eb9p, l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n l\u00e0m m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u2192 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n k\u1ebd.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4i\u201d b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho 304\/316 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 clorua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-toi-uu-chong-gi-lua-chon-vat-lieu-gia-cong-va-bao-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toi_uu_chong_gi_lua_chon_vat_lieu_gia_cong_va_bao_tri\"><\/span>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chon_mac_inox_theo_moi_truong\"><\/span>Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o: 430 (ferritic) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7; nh\u01b0ng 304 cho an t\u00e2m h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9m, g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n\/ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: 316\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, khe k\u1eb9p: duplex 2205 tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t >60\u00b0C v\u1edbi clorua: tr\u00e1nh 304\/316; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex\/super austenitic.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Be_mat_va_hoan_thien\"><\/span>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn (BA, No.4 m\u1ecbn, mirror), Ra c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p \u2192 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t r\u1ed7. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c: Ra \u2264 0,5 \u00b5m l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc; \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_lam_sach_pickling_va_passivation\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, pickling v\u00e0 passivation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit gi\u00e0, s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, b\u1ea9n; l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u crom b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; t\u00e1i l\u1eadp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh\/ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9; r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pickling (khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u\/han g\u1ec9): d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p HNO3 + HF (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 8\u201325% HNO3 + 0,5\u20138% HF), theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Pickling lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit d\u00e0y v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o crom.<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation (ASTM A967):<br \/>\n  &#8211; G\u1ed1c nitric: 20\u201345% HNO3 \u1edf 20\u201360\u00b0C, 20\u201360 ph\u00fat t\u00f9y m\u00e1c\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; G\u1ed1c citric: 4\u201310% axit citric \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, 20\u201340 ph\u00fat; th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda: x\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng\/DI; s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng: ban \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea7n trong gi\u1edd\u2013ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra sau x\u1eed l\u00fd (ASTM A380\/A967):<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u201cwater-break\u201d (m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c), th\u1eed dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat, th\u1eed ferroxyl ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do. V\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao: XPS \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e0u crom, EIS \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuc_hanh_han_tot\"><\/span>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u00e2y\/que ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee7; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o; ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c L\/\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sensitization.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng pickling gel\/bath; kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i qua loa r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eady.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_han_che_khe_tu_dong\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh khe h\u1eb9p kh\u00f3 r\u1eeda (d\u01b0\u1edbi gio\u0103ng, bul\u00f4ng), \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u00edt k\u00edn\/tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a \u201cdead-leg\u201d trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng; duy tr\u00ec v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao v\u00e0 r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Tr\u00e1nh clorua c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c do bay h\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bao_tri_va_ve_sinh_dinh_ky\"><\/span>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lau r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch; tr\u00e1nh b\u1ed9t m\u00e0i, len th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen (NaOCl): n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, d\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ngay sau \u0111\u00f3; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdng\/h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-cac-mac-inox-pho-bien-ve-chong-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_nhanh_cac_mac_inox_pho_bien_ve_chong_gi\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201 (Cr\u2013Mn\u2013Ni th\u1ea5p): kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n\/\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; nh\u1ea1y r\u1ed7 trong clorua \u0111\u1eadm\/nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (c\u00f3 Mo): ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi 304; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n cho ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i (kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp HCl).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic): kh\u00f4ng niken, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p; d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o; k\u00e9m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd\/SCC r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-cau-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_nhanh_%E2%80%93_dap_gon\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox c\u00f3 g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, n\u1ebfu m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi clorua, axit kh\u1eed, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng thi\u1ebfu oxy, nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 oxy\/\u1ea9m \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong gi\u00e2y\u2013ph\u00fat; nh\u01b0ng trong khe h\u1eb9p thi\u1ebfu oxy s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 inox? Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng. S\u01a1n\/l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 304 cho g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb; 316\/duplex hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f3 phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t? C\u1ea7n. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng pickling v\u00e0 passivation theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tieu-chuan-va-thu-nghiem-lien-quan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_va_thu_nghiem_lien_quan\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\/v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: EN 10088, ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1 inox).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/passivation: ASTM A380 (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y), ASTM A967 (passivation nitric\/citric).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd: ASTM G48 (th\u1eed pitting\/crevice v\u1edbi FeCl3), ASTM G150 (\u0111o CPT \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1).<br \/>\n&#8211; Phun mu\u1ed1i: ISO 9227\/ASTM B117 c\u00f3 \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba; n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ket-luan-chia-khoa-nam-o-lop-mang-crom-va-cach-ban\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan_Chia_khoa_nam_o_lop_mang_crom_va_cach_ban_doi_xu_voi_no\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau m\u1ecfng, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 inox. Crom, c\u00f9ng Mo v\u00e0 N, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, khe h\u1eb9p thi\u1ebfu oxy, nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u sau h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ck\u1ebb ph\u00e1\u201d ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang (\u01b0u ti\u00ean 316\/duplex cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7n), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u2013pickling\u2013passivation \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (ASTM A380\/A967\/G48\/G150) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra sau gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u201ckho\u00e1\u201d r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steel and Corrosion, and The Mechanism of Passivation (https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA) \u2013 Corrosion of Stainless Steels, Passivation (https:\/\/bssa.org.uk)<br \/>\n&#8211; International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) \u2013 Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels; Molybdenum in Stainless Steels (https:\/\/imoa.info)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts (https:\/\/www.astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM G48\/G150 \u2013 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Testing; Measurement of CPT (https:\/\/www.astm.org)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau m\u1ecfng, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i gi\u00fap inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2502\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}