{"id":2508,"date":"2026-08-30T00:33:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T17:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/"},"modified":"2026-08-30T00:33:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T17:33:58","slug":"phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh: Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2508&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh: Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Nguyen_ly_chong_gi_va_cach_phan_loai_theo_vi_cau_truc\" >Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Ho_Austenitic_da_dung_chong_an_mon_cao_de_gia_cong_han\" >H\u1ecd Austenitic: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u00e0n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Thanh_phan_va_vi_cau_truc\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Dac_tinh_ky_thuat_chinh\" >\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Han_va_gia_cong_thuc_te\" >H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Mac_dien_hinh_va_ung_dung\" >M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Ho_Ferritic_kinh_te_tu_tinh_on_dinh_kich_thuoc_han_can_luu_y\" >H\u1ecd Ferritic: kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Thanh_phan_va_vi_cau_truc-2\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Dac_tinh_ky_thuat_chinh-2\" >\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Han_va_gia_cong_thuc_te-2\" >H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Mac_dien_hinh_va_ung_dung-2\" >M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Ho_Martensitic_toi_ram_duoc_do_cungcuong_do_cao\" >H\u1ecd Martensitic: t\u00f4i ram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Thanh_phan_va_vi_cau_truc-3\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Dac_tinh_ky_thuat_chinh-3\" >\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Mac_dien_hinh_va_ung_dung-3\" >M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#So_sanh_nhanh_ba_ho_thep_khong_gi\" >So s\u00e1nh nhanh ba h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Cach_chon_mac_cho_dieu_kien_thuc_te_tai_Viet_Nam\" >C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Tieu_chuan_va_mac_thong_dung_quy_doi_nhanh\" >Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Thuc_hanh_che_tao_va_bao_tri_de_tang_tuoi_tho\" >Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Loi_chon_vat_lieu_thuong_gap_va_cach_tranh\" >L\u1ed7i ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Chi_phi_va_nguon_cung\" >Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao_dang_tin_cay\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-chinh-austenitic-ferritic-martensitic\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nguyen-ly-chong-gi-va-cach-phan-loai-theo-vi-cau-t\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-ho-austenitic-da-dung-chong-an-mon-cao-de-gia-cong\">H\u1ecd Austenitic: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-ho-ferritic-kinh-te-tu-tinh-on-dinh-kich-thuoc-han\">H\u1ecd Ferritic: kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-ho-martensitic-toi-ram-duoc-do-cungcuong-do-cao\">H\u1ecd Martensitic: t\u00f4i ram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-ba-ho-thep-khong-gi\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh ba h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cach-chon-mac-cho-dieu-kien-thuc-te-tai-viet-nam\">C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tieu-chuan-va-mac-thong-dung-quy-doi-nhanh\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-thuc-hanh-che-tao-va-bao-tri-de-tang-tuoi-tho\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-loi-chon-vat-lieu-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-chi-phi-va-nguon-cung\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-tai-lieu-tham-khao-dang-tin-cay\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong \u201cKi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 ba h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh \u2014 austenitic, ferritic v\u00e0 martensitic \u2014 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eebng h\u1ecd th\u00e9p, so s\u00e1nh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n\/nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nguyen-ly-chong-gi-va-cach-phan-loai-theo-vi-cau-t\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_ly_chong_gi_va_cach_phan_loai_theo_vi_cau_truc\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: Khi Cr \u2265 10,5% v\u00e0 C th\u1ea5p, th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. H\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Ni, Mo, N n\u00e2ng th\u00eam kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (pitting) v\u00e0 k\u1ebd (crevice).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic (\u03b3, l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd Ni\/N.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic (\u03b1, l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i) do Cr cao v\u00e0 Ni th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic (\u03b1\u2019 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng) t\u1ea1o ra khi t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb pha austenit nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C \u0111\u1ee7 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh t\u1eeb: Ferritic v\u00e0 martensitic nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb; austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Schaeffler\/DeLong d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ni equivalent v\u00e0 Cr equivalent.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-ho-austenitic-da-dung-chong-an-mon-cao-de-gia-cong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho_Austenitic_da_dung_chong_an_mon_cao_de_gia_cong_han\"><\/span>H\u1ecd Austenitic: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh_phan_va_vi_cau_truc\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cr ~16\u201326%, Ni ~6\u201322% (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Ni b\u1eb1ng Mn\/N \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00e1c 200-series nh\u01b0 201\/202), C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (\u22640,08%; v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u201cL\u201d \u22640,03%).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng; kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n t\u00f4i-ram, m\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u00f3a nh\u1edd bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_tinh_ky_thuat_chinh\"><\/span>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: R\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u00e1c c\u00f3 Mo (316\/316L) kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304\/304L. Nh\u1ea1y n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- n\u00f3ng (SCC) h\u01a1n ferritic.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 dai r\u1ea5t cao, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304: Rp0.2 \u2248 205 MPa; Rm \u2248 515 MPa). Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u00e9o d\u1eadp s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t: Kh\u00e1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi ~870\u00b0C (ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cao h\u01a1n). M\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (321 Ti, 347 Nb) ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m li\u00ean tinh khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ~450\u2013850\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau u\u1ed1n\/c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng: D\u1ec5 h\u00e0n (GTAW\/GMAW\/SMAW). D\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n ferritic n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han_va_gia_cong_thuc_te\"><\/span>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng: 308L cho 304\/304L, 316L cho 316\/316L; 309\/312 cho h\u00e0n d\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n \u201cL\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (321\/347) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr23C6 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (pickling\/passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y (heat tint).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mac_dien_hinh_va_ung_dung\"><\/span>M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201\/202: chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L (SUS304): lan can, thang m\u00e1y, b\u1ed3n\/b\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (SUS316): m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, b\u1ed3n mu\u1ed1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321\/347: \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, l\u00f2, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 450\u2013850\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-ho-ferritic-kinh-te-tu-tinh-on-dinh-kich-thuoc-han\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho_Ferritic_kinh_te_tu_tinh_on_dinh_kich_thuoc_han_can_luu_y\"><\/span>H\u1ecd Ferritic: kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh_phan_va_vi_cau_truc-2\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cr ~10,5\u201330%, Ni r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng; C, N r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi h\u1ee3p kim Ti\/Nb \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ckh\u1eed\u201d C,N, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_tinh_ky_thuat_chinh-2\"><\/span>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: T\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4\/\u1ea9m nh\u1eb9; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Mo (444) t\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 Cl-. Ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u0110\u1ed9 dai th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n austenitic, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p; kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i-ram; \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u00edt cong v\u00eanh khi h\u00e0n\/nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao (409\/439 cho \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han_va_gia_cong_thuc_te-2\"><\/span>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n: Trung b\u00ecnh; d\u1ec5 gi\u00f2n h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 dai v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ) n\u1ebfu m\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u01afu ti\u00ean 430Ti\/439\/441\/444 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n: 430Ti\/439 ho\u1eb7c 309L khi h\u00e0n d\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i sang austenitic; nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mac_dien_hinh_va_ung_dung-2\"><\/span>M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 409\/409L: \u1ed0ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u1ecf l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (SUS430): Trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, t\u1ee7, m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, c\u1eeda thang m\u00e1y trong nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n&#8211; 439\/441: \u1ed0ng x\u1ea3, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ecfng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 444: B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf 316 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-ho-martensitic-toi-ram-duoc-do-cungcuong-do-cao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho_Martensitic_toi_ram_duoc_do_cungcuong_do_cao\"><\/span>H\u1ecd Martensitic: t\u00f4i ram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh_phan_va_vi_cau_truc-3\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cr ~11,5\u201318%, C cao h\u01a1n (\u22480,1\u20131,2%). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Ni nh\u1ecf (0\u20132%) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 dai. Khi nung v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng austenit r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o martensite c\u1ee9ng; sau \u0111\u00f3 ram \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\u2013\u0111\u1ed9 dai.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_tinh_ky_thuat_chinh-3\"><\/span>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao sau t\u00f4i-ram (\u0111\u1ea1t HRC cao v\u1edbi 420\/440C). \u0110\u1ed9 dai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hai h\u1ecd kia.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: Trung b\u00ecnh; k\u00e9m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c axit m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi austenitic. C\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n\/nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1eeb k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (preheat), v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (410\/410NiMo), v\u00e0 ram gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i do hydro.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mac_dien_hinh_va_ung_dung-3\"><\/span>M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 410: Tr\u1ee5c b\u01a1m, c\u00e1nh turbine, bul\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn van.<br \/>\n&#8211; 420: Dao k\u00e9o, khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; 431: C\u00f3 Ni ~2% t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 dai\/\u0103n m\u00f2n; d\u00f9ng cho tr\u1ee5c b\u01a1m, tr\u1ee5c ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt, ch\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 440A\/B\/C: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao; dao c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u1ed5 bi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-ba-ho-thep-khong-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_nhanh_ba_ho_thep_khong_gi\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh nhanh ba h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: Cr cao + Ni (ho\u1eb7c Mn\/N); C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: Cr cao, Ni r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p; C,N r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: Cr v\u1eeba\u2013cao, C cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: Ferritic, martensitic nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb; austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a b\u1ec1n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i-ram; b\u1ec1n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i-ram.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: T\u00f4i-ram \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m li\u00ean tinh (d\u00f9ng L\/\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: Trung b\u00ecnh; ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: Kh\u00f3; c\u1ea7n preheat v\u00e0 ram gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Cl-):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: T\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t (316L > 304L). D\u1ec5 SCC trong Cl- n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: T\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1; SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u00e1c 444 t\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: Trung b\u00ecnh; ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic (430\/439) th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t (Ni th\u1ea5p).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic 201\/202 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304\/316; 316 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 304 do Mo.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cach-chon-mac-cho-dieu-kien-thuc-te-tai-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_chon_mac_cho_dieu_kien_thuc_te_tai_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n (kh\u00ed m\u1eb7n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean 316\/316L cho lan can, c\u1ea7u thang, \u1ed1p m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 444 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, m\u00e1i che n\u1ebfu t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh 201\/430 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u1ea9m l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1ee3c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L cho b\u1ed3n, b\u00e0n, m\u00e1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn; 316\/316L cho ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Cl- (s\u1eefa, mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B\/BA\/No.4 v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L cho b\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch trong nh\u00e0; 316L cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 Clo d\u01b0 cao ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/kh\u00f3i x\u1ea3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 409\/439 (ferritic) cho \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t; 321\/347 (austenitic) cho v\u00f9ng 450\u2013850\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n\/dao khu\u00f4n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420\/440C (martensitic) v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i-ram chu\u1ea9n; 431 cho tr\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n dai h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n\/d\u1eadp s\u00e2u: \u01b0u ti\u00ean austenitic (304\/304L).<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng h\u00e0n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ferritic \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (439\/441\/444).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3,3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N (316L c\u00f3 PREN cao h\u01a1n 304L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau gia c\u00f4ng: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u00e0ng Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft cacbon (d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tieu-chuan-va-mac-thong-dung-quy-doi-nhanh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_va_mac_thong_dung_quy_doi_nhanh\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM\/ASME:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thanh tr\u00f2n\/vu\u00f4ng: ASTM A276.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac: ASTM A312\/A213.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN\/ISO: EN 10088, ISO 15510 (quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1c inox).<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: 304\/304L (1.4301\/1.4307), 316\/316L (1.4401\/1.4404), 321 (1.4541), 347 (1.4550), 201 (1.4372).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: 430 (1.4016), 439 (1.4510), 441 (1.4509), 444 (1.4521), 409 (1.4512).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: 410 (1.4006), 420 (1.4021\/1.4028), 431 (1.4057), 440C (1.4125).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-thuc-hanh-che-tao-va-bao-tri-de-tang-tuoi-tho\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuc_hanh_che_tao_va_bao_tri_de_tang_tuoi_tho\"><\/span>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0n: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00e9p, lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u\/mu\u1ed1i; ch\u1ecdn que\/d\u00e2y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; gh\u00e9p k\u00edn k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong h\u00e0n: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o; kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee7; tr\u00e1nh v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t sau (back purging cho \u1ed1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: T\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y, r\u1eeda, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (v\u1edbi austenitic sau ngu\u1ed9i) n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch trung t\u00ednh; tr\u00e1nh Cl- \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c; x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e0m g\u1ec9 s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-loi-chon-vat-lieu-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_chon_vat_lieu_thuong_gap_va_cach_tranh\"><\/span>L\u1ed7i ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 201\/430 cho lan can s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n: D\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u1ed1 n\u00e2u \u2014 chuy\u1ec3n sang 316L ho\u1eb7c 444.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u00f4ng L) cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e0y r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: D\u1ec5 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh \u2014 d\u00f9ng 304L\/321 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 420 cho chi ti\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i: D\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 \u2014 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7\/b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c 431 n\u1ebfu \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n martensitic kh\u00f4ng preheat\/ram: D\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i \u2014 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng preheat\/que 410NiMo, ram gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-chi-phi-va-nguon-cung\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_phi_va_nguon_cung\"><\/span>Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e1 austenitic ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 Ni; 316 cao h\u01a1n 304 do Mo. Ferritic \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, trong nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 430, 439\/441\/444, 410\/420\/431 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1eaft x\u1ebb theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-tai-lieu-tham-khao-dang-tin-cay\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao_dang_tin_cay\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute: Stainless Steels \u2013 An Introduction to Their Metallurgy and Properties; Guidelines for Alloy Selection.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; datasheet m\u00e1c 304\/316\/430\/444\/410\/420.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A276, A312; EN 10088; ISO 15510 (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1c inox).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASM Handbook, Volume 13A: Corrosion; Volume 6: Welding, Brazing, and Soldering.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, h\u00e0n\/gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t; 304\/316 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/bi\u1ec3n (\u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng SCC t\u1ed1t; h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng (444) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0n m\u1ecfng v\u1edbi m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic: D\u00e0nh cho chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p dao khu\u00f4n, tr\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang h\u1ecd\/m\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Cl-), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n\/t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. C\u1ea7n th\u00eam t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u00e1c, quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh austenitic, ferritic, martensitic: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, h\u00e0n\/nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c (304, 316, 430, 410) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1050,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2508"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2508\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}