{"id":2515,"date":"2026-08-31T12:35:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T05:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/"},"modified":"2026-08-31T12:35:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T05:35:05","slug":"do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u &#038; c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2515&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \\u0026amp; c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        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class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Tong_quan_nhanh_ba_dac_tinh_quyet_dinh_hanh_vi_vat_lieu\" >T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Do_cung_thang_do_gia_tri_dien_hinh_va_cach_tang\" >\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: thang \u0111o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Cac_thang_do_pho_bien_va_quy_doi\" >C\u00e1c thang \u0111o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ed5i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Gia_tri_dien_hinh_theo_he_thep_khong_gi\" >Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo h\u1ec7 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Yeu_to_anh_huong_va_chien_luoc_tang_do_cung\" >Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Do_deo_keo_uon_dap_va_do_dai_va_dap\" >\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo: k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n, d\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Chi_tieu_va_muc_dien_hinh\" >Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Khuyen_nghi_gia_cong_tao_hinh\" >Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Kha_nang_chiu_nhiet_oxy_hoa_ben_nong_creep\" >Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, b\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng, creep<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Ba_goc_nhin_chinh\" >Ba g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Nhiet_do_lam_viec_toi_da_tham_khao_theo_mac\" >Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a tham kh\u1ea3o theo m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Nhiet_do_anh_huong_the_nao_den_co_tinh\" >Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 t\u00ednh?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Moi_lien_he_voi_an_mon_va_tuoi_tho\" >M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Chon_mac_theo_yeu_cau_ung_dung_lo_trinh_nhanh\" >Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nhanh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Tieu_chuan_kiem_tra_%E2%80%93_dam_bao_dung_thong_so\" >Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#So_lieu_nhanh_quy_tac_ngon_tay_cai\" >S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nhanh (quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet-thep-khong-gi-so-lieu-cach-chon\/#Nguon_tham_khao\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ba-dac-tinh-quyet-dinh-hanh-vi-vat\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-do-cung-thang-do-gia-tri-dien-hinh-va-cach-tang\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: thang \u0111o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-do-deo-keo-uon-dap-va-do-dai-va-dap\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo: k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n, d\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-kha-nang-chiu-nhiet-oxy-hoa-ben-nong-creep\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, b\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng, creep<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-moi-lien-he-voi-an-mon-va-tuoi-tho\">M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chon-mac-theo-yeu-cau-ung-dung-lo-trinh-nhanh\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tieu-chuan-kiem-tra-dam-bao-dung-thong-so\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-so-lieu-nhanh-quy-tac-ngon-tay-cai\">S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nhanh (quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (inox). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh, \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ba-dac-tinh-quyet-dinh-hanh-vi-vat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_nhanh_ba_dac_tinh_quyet_dinh_hanh_vi_vat_lieu\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (Hardness): Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (x\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00fan, m\u00e0i m\u00f2n). \u0110o b\u1eb1ng Rockwell (HRB\/HRC), Brinell (HBW), Vickers (HV).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo (Ductility): Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9t; th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sau khi k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9t (%EL) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (Heat resistance): G\u1ed3m ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao (scaling), \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1edbt (creep) khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2u \u1edf >500\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7:<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i, h\u00f3a gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n xem c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n creep, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cnhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y l\u1edbp \u00f4xy h\u00f3a\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-do-cung-thang-do-gia-tri-dien-hinh-va-cach-tang\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_cung_thang_do_gia_tri_dien_hinh_va_cach_tang\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: thang \u0111o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_thang_do_pho_bien_va_quy_doi\"><\/span>C\u00e1c thang \u0111o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ed5i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Rockwell: HRB (bi c\u1ea7u, d\u00f9ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m\u2013trung b\u00ecnh), HRC (m\u0169i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Brinell (HBW): 10 mm bi\/t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vickers (HV): m\u0169i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 d\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng; thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p>Quy \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa HB\u2013HRC\u2013HV ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o; lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean so s\u00e1nh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thang \u0111o theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gia_tri_dien_hinh_theo_he_thep_khong_gi\"><\/span>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo h\u1ec7 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic (304\/304L, 316\/316L):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ee6 m\u1ec1m (annealed): HRB 70\u201395 (\u2248 HV 140\u2013200).<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t HV 300\u2013400 (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p cacbon\/martensitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic (430, 409):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ee6 m\u1ec1m: HRB ~80\u201395 (HV ~160\u2013210). \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic (410, 420, 440C):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00f4i + ram: 410 \u0111\u1ea1t HRC ~35\u201345; 420 \u0111\u1ea1t HRC ~45\u201350; 440C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 HRC 56\u201360 (dao, bi van).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ee6 m\u1ec1m: \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (HRB ~90\u2013100), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gia c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n (PH \u2013 17-4PH\/AISI 630):<br \/>\n  &#8211; H900: HRC ~38\u201344; H1150: HRC ~28\u201332 (\u0111\u1ed9 dai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu_to_anh_huong_va_chien_luoc_tang_do_cung\"><\/span>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: C, N, Mo, V, Nb\u2026 t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n\/h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vi nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: t\u00f4i d\u1ea7u\/kh\u00ed + ram \u0111\u1ea1t HRC cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; PH: h\u00f3a gi\u00e0 (H900\u2013H1150) c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n\u2013dai\u2013ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic\/ferritic: kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng; ch\u1ec9 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i), ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: th\u1ea5m nit\u01a1, n\u1ed5 bi, m\u1ea1 c\u1ee9ng\u2026 t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n m\u00e0 \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00f5i.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed5i m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HRC>50 n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean 420\/440C; c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n\u2013\u0103n m\u00f2n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ch\u1ecdn 17-4PH.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-do-deo-keo-uon-dap-va-do-dai-va-dap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_deo_keo_uon_dap_va_do_dai_va_dap\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo: k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n, d\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_tieu_va_muc_dien_hinh\"><\/span>Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i sau khi \u0111\u1ee9t (%EL, A50\/A5):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L, 316\/316L \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m: 45\u201360%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: 20\u201330%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205: 25\u201330% (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n austenitic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410 (t\u00f4i\u2013ram): 10\u201315% (ram cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 12\u201320%).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 17-4PH H900: 8\u201312%; H1150: 16\u201320%.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n (austenitic 304): ~0,45\u20130,5 \u2192 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1eadp s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp (Charpy): Austenitic duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p; ferritic\/martensitic c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khuyen_nghi_gia_cong_tao_hinh\"><\/span>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u, k\u00e9o vu\u1ed1t: 304\/304DDQ, 316L cho bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn; c\u1ea7n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<br \/>\n&#8211; U\u1ed1n (b\u00e1n k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, Rmin):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/316 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B: Rmin \u2248 1,0\u20131,5 \u00d7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m (theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: Rmin \u2248 2\u20133 \u00d7 t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic (410\/420): Rmin \u2265 3\u20135 \u00d7 t; n\u00ean \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c ram m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi u\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mactenxit c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cnam ch\u00e2m nh\u1eb9\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n; t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c d\u1eadp t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-kha-nang-chiu-nhiet-oxy-hoa-ben-nong-creep\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kha_nang_chiu_nhiet_oxy_hoa_ben_nong_creep\"><\/span>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, b\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng, creep<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ba_goc_nhin_chinh\"><\/span>Ba g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a (scaling): duy tr\u00ec l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng: duy tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 600\u2013800\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; Creep: bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao khi t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiet_do_lam_viec_toi_da_tham_khao_theo_mac\"><\/span>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a tham kh\u1ea3o theo m\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L, 316\/316L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, \u00f4xy h\u00f3a: kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 850\u2013900\u00b0C (t\u00f9y th\u1eddi gian \u2013 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\/intermittent).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00f9ng 425\u2013860\u00b0C c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (sensitization) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc; d\u00f9ng 304L\/316L ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb (321\/347) n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n\/l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310\/310S, 309\/309S: d\u00f9ng cho nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t cao, kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u1edbi ~1.050\u20131.100\u00b0C (\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t, gi\u1ecf l\u00f2).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic): ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ~750\u2013815\u00b0C m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4; chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic (410\/420): kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb >400\u2013600\u00b0C do ram m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i >300\u2013325\u00b0C (nguy c\u01a1 pha sigma, gi\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264315\u00b0C (gi\u1eef c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t).<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u00f2, gi\u00e0n nung: 310S\/309S.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng x\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/nhi\u1ec7t trung b\u00ecnh: 316L (\u0103n m\u00f2n) ho\u1eb7c 409\/430 (gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u1edf 500\u2013600\u00b0C: 304H\/321\/347 (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo creep).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiet_do_anh_huong_the_nao_den_co_tinh\"><\/span>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 t\u00ednh?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng \u2192 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o gi\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i t\u0103ng; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p s\u00e2u (\u00e2m) \u2192 austenitic v\u1eabn dai; ferritic\/martensitic c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00f2n, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng Charpy.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-moi-lien-he-voi-an-mon-va-tuoi-tho\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi_lien_he_voi_an_mon_va_tuoi_tho\"><\/span>M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 \u2192 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7; x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ee7\/gi\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (gi\u1eef l\u00e2u \u1edf 600\u2013800\u00b0C) g\u00e2y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit Cr \u2192 gi\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/ li\u00ean h\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao (martensitic) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n austenitic c\u00f9ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7\/tra d\u1ea7u\/m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn 17-4PH\/duplex n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n\u2013\u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chon-mac-theo-yeu-cau-ung-dung-lo-trinh-nhanh\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chon_mac_theo_yeu_cau_ung_dung_lo_trinh_nhanh\"><\/span>Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nhanh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo\/d\u1eadp s\u00e2u (ch\u1eadu, b\u1ed3n, v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304DDQ \u2192 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; 316L n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Cl- (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, bi\u1ec3n).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao\/ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1eaft:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 420\/440C (HRC 45\u201360) \u2192 dao, tr\u1ee5c r\u0103ng; x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00f4i\u2013ram chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n cao + \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t + gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 17-4PH (H900\u2013H1150) \u2192 tr\u1ee5c b\u01a1m, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec7t cao, \u00f4xy h\u00f3a kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 310S\/309S \u2192 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00f2, gi\u1ecf s\u1ea5y \u1edf >900\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 \u2192 bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t u\u1ed1n v\u1edbi Rmin l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eeba b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao v\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205 (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u00e2u >300\u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>Checklist k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi ch\u1ed1t m\u00e1c:<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (HRB\/HRC\/HV) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i\u2013ram, h\u00f3a gi\u00e0).<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh %EL t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n\/d\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\/ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u00f4, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, h\u01a1i \u1ea9m, mu\u1ed1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Xem ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tieu-chuan-kiem-tra-dam-bao-dung-thong-so\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_kiem_tra_%E2%80%93_dam_bao_dung_thong_so\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m, cu\u1ed9n), A276 (thanh), A312 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac), EN 10088 (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: ASTM A370 (k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n); \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: ASTM E18 (Rockwell), E10 (Brinell), E384\/E92 (Vickers).<br \/>\n&#8211; Va \u0111\u1eadp: ASTM E23 (Charpy V).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n\/\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng ghi r\u00f5 tr\u00ean MTC\/COC; ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng sau gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-so-lieu-nhanh-quy-tac-ngon-tay-cai\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_lieu_nhanh_quy_tac_ngon_tay_cai\"><\/span>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nhanh (quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/316 \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m: HRB 70\u201395; %EL 45\u201360; ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn ~850\u2013900\u00b0C (t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: HRB ~80\u201395; %EL 20\u201330; ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ~750\u2013815\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420: HRC 35\u201350 sau t\u00f4i\u2013ram; %EL 10\u201320; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n >600\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 440C: HRC 56\u201360; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng dao bi, v\u00f2ng bi ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH: HRC 38\u201344 (H900); d\u00f9ng \u2264315\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310S\/309S: kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a ~1.050\u20131.100\u00b0C; ch\u1ecdn cho l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASM International \u2013 ASM Handbook, Vol. 1: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys. https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Stainless Steel Handbook &#038; grade datasheets (304\/316\/309\/310\/430\/2205). https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com\/<br \/>\n&#8211; SSINA (Specialty Steel Industry of North America) \u2013 Stainless steel specifications and fabrication data. https:\/\/www.ssina.com\/<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM \u2013 Stainless Steel 304\/316\/310 technical datasheets and high-temperature behavior. https:\/\/www.azom.com\/<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n\/x\u01b0\u1edbc; austenitic t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, martensitic\/PH \u0111\u1ea1t HRC cao b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo chi ph\u1ed1i d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, u\u1ed1n; 304\/316 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, martensitic k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ram\/\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, b\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng, creep; ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c (310S cho >1.000\u00b0C; 304\/316 cho nhi\u1ec7t trung b\u00ecnh; tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng duplex\/PH \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i).<br \/>\nCh\u1ed1t m\u00e1c n\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, % gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh:<br \/>\n&#8211; Hotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\n&#8211; Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9; thang \u0111o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (304, 316, 410, 17-4PH, 310S) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2515"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2515\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}