{"id":2526,"date":"2026-09-03T12:33:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T05:33:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/"},"modified":"2026-09-03T12:33:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T05:33:50","slug":"inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 316\/316L: Kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n bi\u1ec3n &#038; h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u2013 so s\u00e1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2526&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Inox 316\\\/316L: Kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n bi\u1ec3n \\u0026amp; h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u2013 so s\u00e1nh&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Thanh_phan_tieu_chuan_va_tinh_chat_cot_loi\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Co_che_khang_an_mon_vai_tro_cua_Mo_va_chi_so_PREN\" >C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mo v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Hieu_nang_trong_moi_truong_bien_nhung_dieu_nen_va_khong_nen\" >Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Khuyen_nghi_theo_vung_tiep_xuc\" >Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Chi_so_tham_khao_ky_thuat\" >Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Thiet_ke_de_chong_an_mon_tai_bien\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Hieu_nang_trong_moi_truong_hoa_chat_diem_manh_va_gioi_han\" >Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#316_hay_316L_khi_nao_chon_loai_nao\" >316 hay 316L: khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#So_sanh_nhanh_voi_cac_mac_lien_quan\" >So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Be_mat_hoan_thien_tay_gipassivation_va_dien_danh_bong\" >B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/passivation v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Han_va_gia_cong_thuc_hanh_tot\" >H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Huong_dan_lua_chon_theo_buoc_cho_moi_truong_bienhoa_chat\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo b\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Ung_dung_tieu_bieu_tai_Viet_Nam\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Bao_tri_va_ve_sinh_de_keo_dai_tuoi_tho\" >B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Chung_chi_kiem_dinh_va_nguon_cung\" >Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Nguon_tham_khao\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-khang-an-mon-bien-hoa-chat-so-sanh\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-va-tinh-chat-cot-loi\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-co-che-khang-an-mon-vai-tro-cua-mo-va-chi-so-pren\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mo v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-hieu-nang-trong-moi-truong-bien-nhung-dieu-nen-va-\">Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-hieu-nang-trong-moi-truong-hoa-chat-diem-manh-va-g\">Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-316-hay-316l-khi-nao-chon-loai-nao\">316 hay 316L: khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-cac-mac-lien-quan\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-be-mat-hoan-thien-tay-gipassivation-va-dien-danh-b\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/passivation v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-han-va-gia-cong-thuc-hanh-tot\">H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-huong-dan-lua-chon-theo-buoc-cho-moi-truong-bienho\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo b\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-bao-tri-va-ve-sinh-de-keo-dai-tuoi-tho\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-chung-chi-kiem-dinh-va-nguon-cung\">Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 316\/316L l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic c\u00f3 molypden (Mo) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a clorua, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u2013 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thanh-phan-tieu-chuan-va-tinh-chat-cot-loi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh_phan_tieu_chuan_va_tinh_chat_cot_loi\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (mass%):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316: Cr 16.5\u201318.5, Ni 10\u201314, Mo 2.0\u20133.0, C \u22640.08, N \u22640.10<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 316 nh\u01b0ng C \u22640.03 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y b\u00eca h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M (t\u1ea5m), A276 (thanh), A312 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac), A269 (\u1ed1ng), EN 1.4401 (316), 1.4404 (316L), 1.4435 (Mo cao h\u01a1n)<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 t\u00ednh (\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch): Rp0.2 \u2248 205 MPa, Rm \u2248 515 MPa, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u2248 40%, HB \u2264 217; kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t: kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ~870\u00b0C (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n). 316L c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho t\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n >425\u00b0C.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASTM A240, ASTM A312; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Outokumpu, Sandvik.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-co-che-khang-an-mon-vai-tro-cua-mo-va-chi-so-pren\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_che_khang_an_mon_vai_tro_cua_Mo_va_chi_so_PREN\"><\/span>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mo v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi ion Cl- t\u1ea1o \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m\/k\u1ebd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mo (2\u20133%) trong 316\/316L \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng h\u1ed1 pitting.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 (PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N):<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 316L (Cr 17, Mo 2.2, N 0.05): PREN \u2248 25<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: PREN ~18\u201319 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205: PREN ~34\u201335<br \/>\nPREN cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1ng pitting\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: Nickel Institute; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-hieu-nang-trong-moi-truong-bien-nhung-dieu-nen-va-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_nang_trong_moi_truong_bien_nhung_dieu_nen_va_khong_nen\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khuyen_nghi_theo_vung_tiep_xuc\"><\/span>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng tri\u1ec1u):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, tho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (2B\/BA, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng No.4 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a) t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m (28\u201332\u00b0C \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p, c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m sinh h\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: d\u00f9ng duplex 2205\/2507, 904L ho\u1eb7c 6Mo (UNS S31254) cho ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\/h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_so_tham_khao_ky_thuat\"><\/span>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cl- n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: ~19.000 ppm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 (CPT, ASTM G48, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng FeCl3): 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng ~10\u201320\u00b0C; 304 \u2248 0\u20135\u00b0C; 2205 \u2248 35\u201350\u00b0C. CPT c\u00e0ng cao c\u00e0ng an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong clorua (Cl-SCC): austenitic (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 316L) d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb khi T > ~60\u00b0C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 Cl-; duplex kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASTM G48; Nickel Institute.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_de_chong_an_mon_tai_bien\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf ch\u1eb7t (m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p ch\u1ed3ng, gio\u0103ng n\u00e9n m\u1ea1nh, g\u1edd h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean h\u00e0n k\u00edn thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft v\u00edt t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng\/tri\u1ec1u; n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng bul\u00f4ng, ch\u1ecdn 316\/316L ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecbt k\u1ebd.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: tr\u00e1nh gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng\/nh\u00f4m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn (>1\u20131.5 m\/s) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc, song tr\u00e1nh x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00fat h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-hieu-nang-trong-moi-truong-hoa-chat-diem-manh-va-g\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_nang_trong_moi_truong_hoa_chat_diem_manh_va_gioi_han\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Axit sunfuric (H2SO4): 316\/316L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i 304 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u00e3ng\u2013trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. V\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c\/nhi\u1ec7t cao, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 904L\/6Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit nitric (HNO3) \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh: 304 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 316; 316 v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit axetic, photphoric: 316\/316L th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f3 l\u1eabn Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec1m (NaOH, KOH): 316\/316L th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh; ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ea1p Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a clo (NaOCl, ClO2, HClO): r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf; gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: Nickel Institute Chemical Media Guide; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-316-hay-316l-khi-nao-chon-loai-nao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"316_hay_316L_khi_nao_chon_loai_nao\"><\/span>316 hay 316L: khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L (C \u22640.03%): ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n, b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng, d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 (C \u22640.08%): \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: d\u00f9ng que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n 316L cho c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p g\u1ed1c 316 ho\u1eb7c 316L \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316Ti: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a b\u1edfi Ti cho l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec7t cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316LN: c\u00f3 N n\u00e2ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh; d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n cao.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n: ASTM\/ASME; datasheet nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-cac-mac-lien-quan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_nhanh_voi_cac_mac_lien_quan\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c li\u00ean quan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: kinh t\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo n\u00ean k\u00e9m trong bi\u1ec3n\/Cl-; PREN ~18\u201319.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: \u201cchu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng\u201d cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl- v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i; PREN \u2248 24\u201326.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd v\u00e0 SCC v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n; PREN ~34\u201335.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L, 254SMO (6Mo): cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng; chi ph\u00ed cao, kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Cl-, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea3i, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-be-mat-hoan-thien-tay-gipassivation-va-dien-danh-b\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Be_mat_hoan_thien_tay_gipassivation_va_dien_danh_bong\"><\/span>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/passivation v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n\/gia c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch nitric\/citric \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (Ra th\u1ea5p) gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i\/sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng (electropolishing) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng CPT th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 carbon steel; d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox ri\u00eang, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng test feroxyl khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-han-va-gia-cong-thuc-hanh-tot\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han_va_gia_cong_thuc_hanh_tot\"><\/span>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n: ER\/E316L ho\u1eb7c 316LSi; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n: d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee7, m\u1eb7t sau (back purging) b\u1eb1ng argon \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00f4xy h\u00f3a ch\u00e2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; U\u1ed1n\/\u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eadp: 316\/316L d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i; gia c\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 \u2013 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-huong-dan-lua-chon-theo-buoc-cho-moi-truong-bienho\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong_dan_lua_chon_theo_buoc_cho_moi_truong_bienhoa_chat\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo b\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cl- v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh:<br \/>\n   &#8211; <200 ppm Cl- \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng: 304\/304L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7.\n   - 200\u20131.000 ppm ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n: 316\/316L.\n   - >1.000 ppm, ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c T > 50\u201360\u00b0C: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205\/904L\/6Mo.<br \/>\n2) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc: c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf ch\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ec7m k\u00edn, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n3) Xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c: c\u1ea7n c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao? Duplex c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf.<br \/>\n4) \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p d\u1ecb kim: c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a? B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\/bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<br \/>\n5) Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-tai-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_tieu_bieu_tai_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng: lan can, bu l\u00f4ng, n\u1eb9p \u2013 316\/316L cho v\u00f9ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng; duplex cho ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, RO\/UF: \u1ed1ng, khung, b\u01a1m, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u2013 316L; v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\/ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205\/904L.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c: b\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 316L sau h\u00e0n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c\/pharma.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i: ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n boong, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u2013 316\/316L; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-bao-tri-va-ve-sinh-de-keo-dai-tuoi-tho\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bao_tri_va_ve_sinh_de_keo_dai_tuoi_tho\"><\/span>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a clo\/hypochlorite \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ngay sau \u0111\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m sinh h\u1ecdc, mu\u1ed1i, b\u1ee5i kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n m\u1ed3i r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ch\u00e2n gio\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi bul\u00f4ng \u2013 n\u01a1i r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-chung-chi-kiem-dinh-va-nguon-cung\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chung_chi_kiem_dinh_va_nguon_cung\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC 3.1 (EN 10204), ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh: PMI (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Mo), \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Ra, ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (citrate\/nitric), si\u00eau \u00e2m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan: ASTM A240, A276, A312, A269; ASME II cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-nguon-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A312\/A276; ASTM G48 (CPT).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines for stainless steels in chloride environments; Chemical process industry corrosion data.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Sandvik\/Allegheny datasheets.<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chua).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Inox 316\/316L \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mo 2\u20133% v\u00e0 PREN ~24\u201326. 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n, b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t; 316 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n. Tuy v\u1eady, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, 316\/316L v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u2013 khi \u0111\u00f3 duplex 2205 ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau austenitic\/6Mo l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch inox 316\/316L: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Mo, PREN, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Cl- &#038; nhi\u1ec7t, 316 vs 316L, so s\u00e1nh 304\/2205, m\u1eb9o h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1073,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2526"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}