{"id":2530,"date":"2026-09-04T12:34:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T12:34:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:34:04","slug":"inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 304: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Niken, Crom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2530&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Inox 304: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Niken, Crom&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            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0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Thanh_phan_hoa_hoc_tieu_chuan_cua_Inox_304\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Crom_Cr_%E2%80%93_nen_tang_cua_kha_nang_chong_an_mon\" >Crom (Cr) \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Mang_thu_dong_Cr2O3_va_co_che_tu_phuc_hoi\" >M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Anh_huong_Cr_den_kha_nang_chong_ro_PREN\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng %Cr \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (PREN)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Cacbua_Cr_va_an_mon_lien_hat_vai_tro_cua_C_va_xu_ly_han\" >Cacbua Cr v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a C v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Cr_va_hien_tuong_%E2%80%9Cheat_tint%E2%80%9D_sau_han\" >Cr v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cheat tint\u201d sau h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Niken_Ni_%E2%80%93_on_dinh_austenit_tang_deo_dai_va_chong_nut\" >Niken (Ni) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#On_dinh_austenit_FCC_kiem_soat_tu_tinh_va_co_tinh\" >\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit (FCC), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Ni_va_an_mon_moi_truong_khu_SCC_trong_clorua\" >Ni v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed, SCC trong clorua<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Ni_trong_han_can_bang_%CE%B4-ferrite_de_chong_nut_nong\" >Ni trong h\u00e0n: c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u03b4-ferrite \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Suc_manh_cong_huong_Ni_Cr_trong_304\" >S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng Ni + Cr trong 304<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#So_sanh_nhanh_dua_tren_Ni_va_Cr_304_201_316\" >So s\u00e1nh nhanh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ni v\u00e0 Cr: 304, 201, 316<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Anh_huong_thanh_phan_toi_tinh_nang_thuc_te\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Chong_an_mon_theo_moi_truong_su_dung\" >Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Co_tinh_dien_hinh_trang_thai_u_theo_ASTM\" >C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 theo ASTM)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Khuyen_nghi_han_va_xu_ly_be_mat\" >Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Kiem_soat_chat_luong_khi_mua_Inox_304_tai_Viet_Nam\" >Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi mua Inox 304 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Chung_chi_va_nhan_dien_mac\" >Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Be_mat_va_dung_sai\" >B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 dung sai<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Canh_bao_thuong_gap\" >C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vai-tro-cua-niken-crom\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-crom-cr-nen-tang-cua-kha-nang-chong-an-mon\">Crom (Cr) \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-niken-ni-on-dinh-austenit-tang-deo-dai-va-chong-nu\">Niken (Ni) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-suc-manh-cong-huong-ni-cr-trong-304\">S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng Ni + Cr trong 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-dua-tren-ni-va-cr-304-201-316\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ni v\u00e0 Cr: 304, 201, 316<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-anh-huong-thanh-phan-toi-tinh-nang-thuc-te\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-kiem-soat-chat-luong-khi-mua-inox-304-tai-viet-nam\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi mua Inox 304 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng 304 n\u1eb1m \u1edf hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o: Crom (Cr) v\u00e0 Niken (Ni). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec sao Cr v\u00e0 Ni quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Inox 304 \u2014 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh_phan_hoa_hoc_tieu_chuan_cua_Inox_304\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Danh \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: AISI 304, UNS S30400; 304L l\u00e0 UNS S30403<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: EN 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10), 1.4307 (304L), JIS SUS304<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m), A276 (thanh), A312 (\u1ed1ng) [ASTM]  <\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, %) theo ASTM A240\/A276:<br \/>\n&#8211; Crom (Cr): 18,0 \u2013 20,0<br \/>\n&#8211; Niken (Ni): 8,0 \u2013 10,5<br \/>\n&#8211; Carbon (C): \u2264 0,08 (304L: \u2264 0,03)<br \/>\n&#8211; Mangan (Mn): \u2264 2,0<br \/>\n&#8211; Silic (Si): \u2264 0,75<br \/>\n&#8211; Photpho (P): \u2264 0,045<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S): \u2264 0,03<br \/>\n&#8211; Nit\u01a1 (N): \u2264 0,10<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eaft (Fe): c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t nh\u1edd C th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\/Cr trong kho\u1ea3ng chu\u1ea9n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-crom-cr-nen-tang-cua-kha-nang-chong-an-mon\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crom_Cr_%E2%80%93_nen_tang_cua_kha_nang_chong_an_mon\"><\/span>Crom (Cr) \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mang_thu_dong_Cr2O3_va_co_che_tu_phuc_hoi\"><\/span>M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u2265 kho\u1ea3ng 10,5% Cr, th\u00e9p t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh khi c\u00f3 oxy, gi\u00fap 304 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng [Nickel Institute; ISSF].<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi 18\u201320% Cr nh\u01b0 304, l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c Inox Cr th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_Cr_den_kha_nang_chong_ro_PREN\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng %Cr \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (PREN)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: PREN \u2248 %Cr + 16\u00d7%N (v\u00ec 304 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi Cr ~18,5% v\u00e0 N ~0,05\u20130,10%, PREN 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng ~19\u201320 \u2014 \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; ch\u01b0a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u01a1i 316 (c\u00f3 Mo) v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i [Outokumpu, Atlas Steels].<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cacbua_Cr_va_an_mon_lien_hat_vai_tro_cua_C_va_xu_ly_han\"><\/span>Cacbua Cr v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t: vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a C v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ede 450\u2013850\u00b0C (v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y), Cr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng Cr23C6 t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng 304L (C \u2264 0,03%) cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 &#8211; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e0u Cr.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cr_va_hien_tuong_%E2%80%9Cheat_tint%E2%80%9D_sau_han\"><\/span>Cr v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cheat tint\u201d sau h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0u bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t (v\u00e0ng\/n\u00e2u\/xanh) l\u00e0 oxit d\u00e0y, ngh\u00e8o Cr t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (paste axit h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nitric\/fluoric ho\u1eb7c pickling d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec3), sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (axit nitric ho\u1eb7c citric) theo ASTM A967.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-niken-ni-on-dinh-austenit-tang-deo-dai-va-chong-nu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Niken_Ni_%E2%80%93_on_dinh_austenit_tang_deo_dai_va_chong_nut\"><\/span>Niken (Ni) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_dinh_austenit_FCC_kiem_soat_tu_tinh_va_co_tinh\"><\/span>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit (FCC), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ni l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit (m\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m di\u1ec7n), mang l\u1ea1i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai cao \u1edf c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 (\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a austenit).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu Ni n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t bi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2192 h\u01a1i h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cth\u00e9p gi\u1ea3\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac do Ni th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i [Atlas Steels].<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ni_va_an_mon_moi_truong_khu_SCC_trong_clorua\"><\/span>Ni v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed, SCC trong clorua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ni c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1\/axit y\u1ebfu.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tuy nhi\u00ean, 304 v\u1eabn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC) trong dung d\u1ecbch clorua \u1edf > ~60\u00b0C; t\u0103ng Ni c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c c\u00f3 Mo\/N cao h\u01a1n [Nickel Institute].<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ni_trong_han_can_bang_%CE%B4-ferrite_de_chong_nut_nong\"><\/span>Ni trong h\u00e0n: c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u03b4-ferrite \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304\/308, c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec 3\u20138% \u03b4-ferrite (FN) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Ni trong que h\u00e0n (ER308\/308L) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Schaeffler\/DeLong \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha t\u1ed1i \u01b0u [AWS\/DeLong].<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-suc-manh-cong-huong-ni-cr-trong-304\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Suc_manh_cong_huong_Ni_Cr_trong_304\"><\/span>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng Ni + Cr trong 304<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Cr t\u1ea1o \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn\u201d th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; Ni gi\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t trong hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n (Cr th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c Ni th\u1ea5p) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng suy gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr th\u1ea5p \u2192 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/\u1ed1 n\u00e2u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ni th\u1ea5p \u2192 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mactenxit khi gia c\u00f4ng, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec v\u1eady, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Cr 18\u201320% v\u00e0 Ni 8\u201310,5% theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 304\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-dua-tren-ni-va-cr-304-201-316\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_nhanh_dua_tren_Ni_va_Cr_304_201_316\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh nhanh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ni v\u00e0 Cr: 304, 201, 316<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201 (thay Ni b\u1eb1ng Mn\/N): Cr ~16\u201317%, Ni ~3,5\u20135,5%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/chloride; d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 n\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: Cr 18\u201320%, Ni 8\u201310,5%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng\/\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: Cr 16\u201318%, Ni 10\u201314%, Mo 2\u20133%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Mo t\u0103ng PREN (~23\u201324), kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong clorua; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ed3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-anh-huong-thanh-phan-toi-tinh-nang-thuc-te\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_thanh_phan_toi_tinh_nang_thuc_te\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chong_an_mon_theo_moi_truong_su_dung\"><\/span>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, bia\/r\u01b0\u1ee3u, s\u1eefa: 304 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1edd Cr cao v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch (n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn 2B\/BA, v\u1ec7 sinh CIP \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba: 304 \u1ed5n, c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t (HL\/No.4 k\u00e8m passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d (tea staining).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/kh\u00ed m\u1eb7n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316; 304 d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/\u1ed1 s\u1edbm n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit m\u1ea1nh\/ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c\/nhi\u1ec7t cao: xem x\u00e9t m\u00e1c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (316L, 904L, duplex\u2026).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_tinh_dien_hinh_trang_thai_u_theo_ASTM\"><\/span>C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 theo ASTM)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (UTS): ~520\u2013720 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y (0,2%): ~205 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i: \u2265 40%<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: \u2264 ~95 HRB (~\u2264 201 HB)<br \/>\nGia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9o theo t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 \u2014 c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khuyen_nghi_han_va_xu_ly_be_mat\"><\/span>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: 304\/304L; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: ER308\/308L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m; v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e0y, \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e0u Cr.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eaft b\u00e1m (iron contamination) b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox; n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, d\u00f9ng pickling\/passivation ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng acid citric\/nitric theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-kiem-soat-chat-luong-khi-mua-inox-304-tai-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_soat_chat_luong_khi_mua_Inox_304_tai_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi mua Inox 304 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chung_chi_va_nhan_dien_mac\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC (Mill Test Certificate) theo EN 10204 3.1 ghi r\u00f5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n %Cr, %Ni, %C, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ASTM\/JIS\/EN) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb PMI (XRF) ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh Cr\/Ni t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn 304 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Be_mat_va_dung_sai\"><\/span>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 dung sai<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n: No.1 (c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng), 2B (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i m\u1edd), BA (b\u00f3ng), No.4\/HL (ch\u1ea3i x\u01b0\u1edbc) theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\/ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 cong t\u00f4n, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e9p c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n, d\u1eadp, ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Canh_bao_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0ng \u201cpha 201\u201d \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t 304: Ni th\u1ea5p \u2192 d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 n\u00e2u; lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i MTC v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ec9 n\u00e2u tr\u00ean 304 m\u1edbi l\u1eafp: th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201c304 k\u00e9m\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ec sao 304 b\u1ecb h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<br \/>\n  Do mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c Ni th\u1ea5p trong ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng chu\u1ea9n. Sau \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao 304 v\u1eabn \u201cg\u1ec9\u201d n\u00e2u?<br \/>\n  Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1ed1 tr\u00e0\/pitting nh\u1eb9 do clorua ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 hay 304L?<br \/>\n  N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u00e0n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n) \u2192 \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m li\u00ean h\u1ea1t. Chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecfng, \u00edt h\u00e0n \u2192 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-tai-lieu-tham-khao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A276\/A312 \u2013 Stainless Steel Plate\/Bar\/Pipe Specifications.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088-1, UNS S30400\/S30403, EN 1.4301\/1.4307.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines for Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels (Chloride SCC, passivity). https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook &#038; 304\/304L datasheets. https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Atlas Steels Technical Handbook \u2013 Grade 304\/304L data. https:\/\/www.atlassteels.com.au<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS\/DeLong\/Schaeffler diagrams for weld metal phase balance.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng nh\u1edd t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p 18\u201320% Crom t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 8\u201310,5% Niken \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cr quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng; Ni tinh ch\u1ec9nh vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed trong gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304\/304L \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n (A380\/A967) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Cr\u2013Ni theo MTC\/PMI l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<br \/>\nC\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gia c\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chu\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Inox 304 (Cr 18\u201320%, Ni 8\u201310,5%) v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Niken, Crom v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1eebng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2530\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}