{"id":2558,"date":"2026-09-11T12:34:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T05:34:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T12:34:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T05:34:09","slug":"phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch LCC: So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi inox"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2558&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch LCC: So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi inox&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Vi_sao_phai_tinh_chi_phi_vong_doi_LCC_cho_inox\" >V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) cho inox?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Cong_thuc_va_pham_vi_chi_phi_can_dua_vao\" >C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Nhung_bien_so_anh_huong_LCC_cua_inox_tai_Viet_Nam\" >Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng LCC c\u1ee7a inox t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Moi_truong_an_mon_ISO_9223\" >M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n (ISO 9223)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Lua_chon_mac_va_do_ben_an_mon_tuong_doi\" >L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Tuoi_tho_ky_vong_theo_moi_truong_tham_khao\" >Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Quy_trinh_5_buoc_tinh_LCC_cho_du_an_inox\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh LCC cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n inox<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Vi_du_so_minh_hoa_gia_gia_dinh_de_tham_khao_khong_phai_bao_gia\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 minh h\u1ecda (gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o gi\u00e1)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Case_1_%E2%80%93_Lan_can_inox_ven_bien_Hai_Phong_C4%E2%80%93C5_dai_50_m\" >Case 1 \u2013 Lan can inox ven bi\u1ec3n H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng (C4\u2013C5), d\u00e0i 50 m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Case_2_%E2%80%93_Bon_CIP_nganh_F_B_noi_dia_C3_2_m%C2%B3_rui_ro_clorua\" >Case 2 \u2013 B\u1ed3n CIP ng\u00e0nh F&#038;B n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (C3), 2 m\u00b3, r\u1ee7i ro clorua<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Case_3_%E2%80%93_Be_nuoc_thai_co_Cl%E2%88%92_cao_316_vs_Duplex_2205_toi_uu_chieu_day\" >Case 3 \u2013 B\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 cao: 316 vs Duplex 2205 (t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Thiet_ke_va_hoan_thien_be_mat_%E2%80%9Cdon_bay%E2%80%9D_giam_OPEX\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u201c\u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y\u201d gi\u1ea3m OPEX<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Ma_tran_goi_y_chon_mac_theo_moi_truong%E2%80%93ung_dung\" >Ma tr\u1eadn g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2013\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Checklist_du_lieu_can_de_tinh_LCC_%E2%80%9Cchuan_ky_su%E2%80%9D\" >Checklist d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh LCC \u201cchu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Nguon_tham_khao_ky_thuat\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-lcc-so-sanh-chi-phi-ban-dau-va-vong-doi-inox\/#Ket_luan_Khi_nao_CAPEX_cao_lai_re_hon\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Khi n\u00e0o CAPEX cao l\u1ea1i r\u1ebb h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-phai-tinh-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc-cho-inox\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) cho inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-cong-thuc-va-pham-vi-chi-phi-can-dua-vao\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-nhung-bien-so-anh-huong-lcc-cua-inox-tai-viet-nam\">Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng LCC c\u1ee7a inox t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-5-buoc-tinh-lcc-cho-du-an-inox\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh LCC cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-vi-du-so-minh-hoa-gia-gia-dinh-de-tham-khao-khong-\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 minh h\u1ecda (gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o gi\u00e1)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-thiet-ke-va-hoan-thien-be-mat-don-bay-giam-opex\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u201c\u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y\u201d gi\u1ea3m OPEX<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-ma-tran-goi-y-chon-mac-theo-moi-truongung-dung\">Ma tr\u1eadn g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2013\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-checklist-du-lieu-can-de-tinh-lcc-chuan-ky-su\">Checklist d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh LCC \u201cchu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao-ky-thuat\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan-khi-nao-capex-cao-lai-re-hon\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Khi n\u00e0o CAPEX cao l\u1ea1i r\u1ebb h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 inox l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0103n m\u00f2n\u201d l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn qua chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 d\u1eebng m\u00e1y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u (CAPEX) v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) c\u1ee7a inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-phai-tinh-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc-cho-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_phai_tinh_chi_phi_vong_doi_LCC_cho_inox\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) cho inox?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n: ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd gi\u1eefa 201\u2013304\u2013316\u2013duplex trong c\u00f9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d: v\u1ec7 sinh, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, s\u1eeda pitting\/crevice, thay th\u1ebf t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch CAPEX th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi OPEX d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p clo, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn LCC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2013m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u2013ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n, s\u1ea1ch, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-cong-thuc-va-pham-vi-chi-phi-can-dua-vao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_va_pham_vi_chi_phi_can_dua_vao\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>LCC (NPV) = C0 + \u03a3[(Ct + Mt + Rt \u2212 St)\/(1 + r)^t], t = 1\u2026n<br \/>\n&#8211; C0: Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ct: Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec7 sinh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mt: B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, thay gio\u0103ng\/ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Rt: Thay th\u1ebf\/\u0111\u1ea1i tu (bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e1o d\u1ee1).<br \/>\n&#8211; St: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i (ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u inox) t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thay th\u1ebf\/k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; r: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng 5\u201312% t\u00f9y doanh nghi\u1ec7p).<br \/>\n&#8211; n: Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (th\u01b0\u1eddng 15\u201325 n\u0103m cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb inox).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro: \u0111\u01b0a chi ph\u00ed k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm (pitting, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9) v\u00e0 d\u1eebng m\u00e1y (downtime).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u: inox c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng 25\u201360% gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00f9y m\u00e1c\/th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u201cth\u1ef1c\u201d: lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng r th\u1ef1c (real discount rate).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-nhung-bien-so-anh-huong-lcc-cua-inox-tai-viet-nam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_bien_so_anh_huong_LCC_cua_inox_tai_Viet_Nam\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng LCC c\u1ee7a inox t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi_truong_an_mon_ISO_9223\"><\/span>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n (ISO 9223)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4 (C1\u2013C2): V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 (C3): H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00edt SOx\/NOx.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p clo (C4\u2013C5, CX): H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y mu\u1ed1i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua > 300 mg\/m\u00b2\/ng\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc\/kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m: th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y pitting v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf, c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lua_chon_mac_va_do_ben_an_mon_tuong_doi\"><\/span>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 430 (Cr ferritic, kh\u00f4ng Ni): D\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, trang tr\u00ed indoor; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ven bi\u1ec3n hay th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 (Cr\u2013Mn\u2013Ni th\u1ea5p): Gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n pitting; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/ion Cl\u2212.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1\u2013b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n; chu\u1ea9n cho F&#038;B, y t\u1ebf, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba; ven bi\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 tea-stain\/pitting.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (Mo ~2%): R\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng clorua; chu\u1ea9n cho ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i lo\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: C\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao, pitting resistance number (PREN) v\u01b0\u1ee3t 316; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i\/clorua cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L\/6Mo: M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua r\u1ea5t cao\/axit m\u1ea1nh; chi ph\u00ed cao, d\u00f9ng khi 316\/duplex ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu (so v\u1edbi 304 = 1.00; mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng):<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: 0.60\u20130.70<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: 0.70\u20130.85<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L: 1.00<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: 1.25\u20131.50<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: 1.60\u20132.00<br \/>\n(Chi ph\u00ed gia c\u00f4ng\/l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi duplex do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n.)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tuoi_tho_ky_vong_theo_moi_truong_tham_khao\"><\/span>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (tham kh\u1ea3o)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C2\u2013C3 (\u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n): 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 20\u201330 n\u0103m; 316 30+ n\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; C4 (ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u1eb9): 304 8\u201315 n\u0103m (c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9); 316 15\u201325 n\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; C5\/CX (ven bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb7ng\/c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p clo): 304 5\u201310 n\u0103m; 316 10\u201320 n\u0103m; Duplex 20\u201340 n\u0103m.<br \/>\nC\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (No.4\/2B\/mirror), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\nNgu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: Nickel Institute, Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook, ISSF.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-5-buoc-tinh-lcc-cho-du-an-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_5_buoc_tinh_LCC_cho_du_an_inox\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh LCC cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ISO 9223; \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (n) 15\u201325 n\u0103m.<br \/>\n2) \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh CAPEX theo m\u00e1c:<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng = di\u1ec7n t\u00edch x chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y x \u03c1 (\u2248 7.9\u20138.0 t\/m\u00b3).<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX = V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u + Gia c\u00f4ng + L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t + X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n3) L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch OPEX\/B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi 304 \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u1eeda pitting\/tea stain.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thay th\u1ebf t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n theo tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u1eebng m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n4) T\u00ednh NPV:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn r (5\u201312%); quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 n\u0103m 0. T\u00ednh c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u khi thay th\u1ebf.<br \/>\n5) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<br \/>\n&#8211; Thay \u0111\u1ed5i r, gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd; ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n LCC th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-vi-du-so-minh-hoa-gia-gia-dinh-de-tham-khao-khong-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_so_minh_hoa_gia_gia_dinh_de_tham_khao_khong_phai_bao_gia\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 minh h\u1ecda (gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o gi\u00e1)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 304 = 80.000 \u0111\/kg. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1: 316 = 1,35x; Duplex 2205 = 1,80x. Gia c\u00f4ng+l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u2248 60% gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (316 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng), duplex 70% (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n). r = 10%\/n\u0103m, n = 20 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_1_%E2%80%93_Lan_can_inox_ven_bien_Hai_Phong_C4%E2%80%93C5_dai_50_m\"><\/span>Case 1 \u2013 Lan can inox ven bi\u1ec3n H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng (C4\u2013C5), d\u00e0i 50 m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh: 6 kg\/m \u2192 300 kg.<br \/>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 304:<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: 300 x 80.000 = 24.000.000 \u0111<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng+l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t (60%): 14.400.000 \u0111<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX n\u0103m 0: 38.400.000 \u0111<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh: 4 l\u1ea7n\/n\u0103m x 500.000 \u0111 = 2.000.000 \u0111\/n\u0103m<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eeda pitting\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng: 2.000.000 \u0111 m\u1ed7i 2 n\u0103m<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd: 8 n\u0103m \u2192 thay th\u1ebf n\u0103m 8 v\u00e0 16; thu h\u1ed3i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u2248 30% gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (7.200.000 \u0111) khi thay.<br \/>\nT\u00ednh NPV:<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX0: 38,40 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh (ni\u00ean kim): 2,00 x 8,514 = 17,03 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (2 n\u0103m\/l\u1ea7n): \u2248 8,10 tri\u1ec7u (PV)<br \/>\n&#8211; Thay th\u1ebf r\u00f2ng n\u0103m 8: (38,4 \u2212 7,2) x 0,4665 \u2248 14,56 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; Thay th\u1ebf r\u00f2ng n\u0103m 16: (38,4 \u2212 7,2) x 0,1830 \u2248 5,71 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n\u2192 LCC304 (NPV) \u2248 83,8 tri\u1ec7u \u0111<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 316:<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: 300 x 108.000 = 32.400.000 \u0111<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng+l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t (60%): 19.440.000 \u0111<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX n\u0103m 0: 51.840.000 \u0111<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh: 2 l\u1ea7n\/n\u0103m x 500.000 \u0111 = 1.000.000 \u0111\/n\u0103m<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3: 3.000.000 \u0111 n\u0103m 10<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd: \u2265 20 n\u0103m (kh\u00f4ng thay)<br \/>\nT\u00ednh NPV:<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX0: 51,84 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh (ni\u00ean kim): 1,00 x 8,514 = 8,51 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a n\u0103m 10: 3,0 x 0,3855 \u2248 1,16 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n\u2192 LCC316 (NPV) \u2248 61,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Case 1:<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 CAPEX 316 cao h\u01a1n 13,44 tri\u1ec7u, LCC 20 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a 316 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ~22,3 tri\u1ec7u (gi\u1ea3m \u2248 27%).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ven bi\u1ec3n cho lan can\/ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_2_%E2%80%93_Bon_CIP_nganh_F_B_noi_dia_C3_2_m%C2%B3_rui_ro_clorua\"><\/span>Case 2 \u2013 B\u1ed3n CIP ng\u00e0nh F&#038;B n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (C3), 2 m\u00b3, r\u1ee7i ro clorua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3n 250 kg; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Ra \u2264 0,8 \u00b5m, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 Clo.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: CAPEX th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ~25\u201330%; nguy c\u01a1 pitting\/n\u1ee9t do clorua\u2013nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu CIP kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, d\u1ec5 ph\u1ea3i thay 10\u201312 n\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: CAPEX cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 20+ n\u0103m; gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, \u00edt d\u1eebng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh nhanh (gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh 304 = 80.000 \u0111\/kg; 316 = 108.000 \u0111\/kg):<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX 304 \u2248 250 x 80.000 x 1,6 = 32,0 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; CAPEX 316 \u2248 250 x 108.000 x 1,6 = 43,2 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\nN\u1ebfu 304 ph\u1ea3i thay \u1edf n\u0103m 12 (c\u00f3 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec7 sinh\/ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m th\u00eam 20\u201330% so 316, NPV 20 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ngang b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Trong CIP c\u00f3 clorua, 316 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_3_%E2%80%93_Be_nuoc_thai_co_Cl%E2%88%92_cao_316_vs_Duplex_2205_toi_uu_chieu_day\"><\/span>Case 3 \u2013 B\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 cao: 316 vs Duplex 2205 (t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ec3 t\u1ea5m h\u00e0n, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1ecf 20 m\u00b2.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5m 6 mm; Duplex 2205 nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 4 mm (t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng).<br \/>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: 20 x 0,006 x 8.000 = 960 kg<br \/>\n&#8211; 2205: 20 x 0,004 x 8.000 = 640 kg<br \/>\nChi ph\u00ed (304 = 80.000 \u0111\/kg \u2192 316 = 108.000; 2205 = 144.000):<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 316: 960 x 108.000 = 103,68 tri\u1ec7u; gia c\u00f4ng+l\u1eafp 60% = 62,21 tri\u1ec7u \u2192 CAPEX: 165,89 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2205: 640 x 144.000 = 92,16 tri\u1ec7u; gia c\u00f4ng+l\u1eafp 70% = 64,51 tri\u1ec7u \u2192 CAPEX: 156,67 tri\u1ec7u<br \/>\nNgo\u00e0i CAPEX th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, 2205 c\u00f3 PREN cao h\u01a1n 316, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i\/clorua cao \u2192 LCC c\u00e0ng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-thiet-ke-va-hoan-thien-be-mat-don-bay-giam-opex\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_va_hoan_thien_be_mat_%E2%80%9Cdon_bay%E2%80%9D_giam_OPEX\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u201c\u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y\u201d gi\u1ea3m OPEX<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng: b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, g\u00f3c bo \u2265 3 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n: d\u00f9ng que t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (316L \u2192 316L), t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn: No.4 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t ven bi\u1ec3n; gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tea-stain.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: tr\u00e1nh Javen n\u00f3ng\/\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c; d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch pH trung t\u00ednh, tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-ma-tran-goi-y-chon-mac-theo-moi-truongung-dung\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ma_tran_goi_y_chon_mac_theo_moi_truong%E2%80%93ung_dung\"><\/span>Ma tr\u1eadn g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2013\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 (C1\u2013C2), kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: 430\/201 (chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, LCC t\u1ed1t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, F&#038;B s\u1ea1ch (C2\u2013C3): 304\/304L (chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh, LCC t\u1ed1i \u01b0u).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, m\u01b0a b\u1ee5i (C3): 304 v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3; 316 n\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n\/\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n clorua cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p clo (C4\u2013C5\/CX): 316\/316L; Duplex 2205 khi clorua cao, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i\/clorua cao, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n: Duplex 2205, 904L\/6Mo cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-checklist-du-lieu-can-de-tinh-lcc-chuan-ky-su\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Checklist_du_lieu_can_de_tinh_LCC_%E2%80%9Cchuan_ky_su%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Checklist d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh LCC \u201cchu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\/kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: m\u00b2, mm, kg; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1\u2013v\u1ec7 sinh (Ra).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ISO 9223; n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cl\u2212, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: chu k\u1ef3 v\u1ec7 sinh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eebng m\u00e1y t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01a1n gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo m\u00e1c; chi ph\u00ed gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u r; th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec\/thay th\u1ebf theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c; r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao-ky-thuat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao_ky_thuat\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec inox; c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 pitting\/CREV, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 F&#038;B.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook: B\u1ea3ng PREN, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng pitting theo Cl\u2212, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF): Life Cycle Costing and Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 9223: Corrosion of metals and alloys \u2014 Corrosivity of atmospheres.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea5m\/d\u1ea3i inox cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan-khi-nao-capex-cao-lai-re-hon\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan_Khi_nao_CAPEX_cao_lai_re_hon\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Khi n\u00e0o CAPEX cao l\u1ea1i r\u1ebb h\u01a1n?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ede m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 clorua (ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, CIP c\u00f3 Clo), 316 ho\u1eb7c duplex th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 LCC th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304\/201 nh\u1edd tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i, \u00edt b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh d\u1eebng m\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ede n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4 (C1\u2013C2), 304 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 LCC cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh; 430\/201 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u1eaft khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ng clorua cao v\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00fap CAPEX v\u00e0 LCC \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 OPEX, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p then ch\u1ed1t: \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u00e1\/kg \u2013 h\u00e3y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch CAPEX 20\u201330% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 20\u201340% LCC trong 20 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch LCC cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00ednh Life-Cycle Cost cho inox: khi n\u00e0o 304, 316, duplex ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n d\u00f9 CAPEX cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c NPV, v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2558\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}