{"id":2629,"date":"2026-09-29T00:33:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T17:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-29T00:33:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T17:33:37","slug":"nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng, h\u1ed9p Inox: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n &#038; c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2629&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;N\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng, h\u1ed9p Inox: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \\u0026amp; c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Noi_dung_chinh\" >N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Dau_hieu_nhan_biet_va_muc_do_nghiem_trong\" >D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Phan_loai_dang_nut_moi_han_inox\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nut_nong_solidificationliquation_cracking\" >N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (solidification\/liquation cracking)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nut_do_sut_giam_deo_Ductility_Dip_Cracking_%E2%80%93_DDC\" >N\u1ee9t do s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ebbo (Ductility Dip Cracking &#8211; DDC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nut_nguoi_lien_quan_hidro_chu_yeu_voi_inox_mactenxitferrit\" >N\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan hi\u0111r\u00f4 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi inox mactenxit\/ferrit)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nut_mieng_han_crater_cracking\" >N\u1ee9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n (crater cracking)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nut_ket_hop_an_mon_ung_suat_SCC_sau_han\" >N\u1ee9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC) sau h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nguyen_nhan_goc_re_theo_nhom\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 theo nh\u00f3m<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#1_Vat_lieu_kim_loai_phu\" >1) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u &#038; kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#2_Thiet_ke_lien_ket_ga_lap\" >2) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf li\u00ean k\u1ebft &#038; g\u00e1 l\u1eafp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#3_Che_do_ky_thuat_han\" >3) Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 &#038; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#4_Khi_bao_ve_mat_sau\" >4) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 &#038; m\u1eb7t sau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#5_Tinh_trang_be_mat_hau_han\" >5) T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t &#038; h\u1eadu h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Quy_trinh_chan_doan_tai_xuongcong_truong\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Giai_phap_khac_phuc_tuc_thoi\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Bien_phap_phong_ngua_lau_dai_cot_loi\" >Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i (c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#1_Lua_chon_kim_loai_han_dung_FN_va_mac\" >1) L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang FN v\u00e0 m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#2_Kiem_soat_nhiet_dua_vao_va_nhiet_do_lop\" >2) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#3_Khi_bao_ve_va_back_purge\" >3) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 back purge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#4_Thiet_ke_lien_ket_ga_lap_va_duong_han\" >4) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf li\u00ean k\u1ebft, g\u00e1 l\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#5_Be_mat_sach_va_xu_ly_sau_han\" >5) B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Thong_so_tham_khao_nhanh_cho_xuong\" >Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Tieu_chuan_ap_dung_chap_nhan_va_ho_so_chat_luong\" >Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Nguon_tham_khao_chon_loc\" >Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/nut-moi-han-tren-ong-hop-inox-nguyen-nhan-cach-khac-phuc-2\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_chinh\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-dau-hieu-nhan-biet-va-muc-do-nghiem-trong\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-phan-loai-dang-nut-moi-han-inox\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-nguyen-nhan-goc-re-theo-nhom\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 theo nh\u00f3m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-chan-doan-tai-xuongcong-truong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-giai-phap-khac-phuc-tuc-thoi\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-bien-phap-phong-ngua-lau-dai-cot-loi\">Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i (c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-thong-so-tham-khao-nhanh-cho-xuong\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tieu-chuan-ap-dung-chap-nhan-va-ho-so-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chon-loc\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng, h\u1ed9p inox l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, khung k\u1ec7, tay v\u1ecbn, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3\u2026 Trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 C\u1ea9m nang v\u1ec1 \u1ed0ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9p Inox, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ee9t h\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean inox 201\/304\/316\/430, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-dau-hieu-nhan-biet-va-muc-do-nghiem-trong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dau_hieu_nhan_biet_va_muc_do_nghiem_trong\"><\/span>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, n\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n\/mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n, n\u1ee9t h\u00ecnh sao t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng h\u1ed3 quang, n\u1ee9t theo bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: n\u1ee9t trung t\u00e2m, n\u1ee9t xuy\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u m\u00e0u (PT) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p X\/qusi si\u00eau \u00e2m (UT) tr\u00ean v\u1eadt d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: theo ISO 5817 (Welding \u2014 fusion-welded joints), khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u201ccrack\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa theo quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-phan-loai-dang-nut-moi-han-inox\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_dang_nut_moi_han_inox\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_nong_solidificationliquation_cracking\"><\/span>N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (solidification\/liquation cracking)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u1ebft tinh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m, n\u1ee9t r\u00e3nh \u1edf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ee7i ro cao v\u1edbi inox austenit (201\/304\/316) do kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft tinh r\u1ed9ng; t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t S, P cao v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t th\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Delta-ferrite (FN) trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p (g\u1ea7n 0 FN) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; duy tr\u00ec FN kho\u1ea3ng 3\u201310 gi\u00fap \u201ch\u00fat\u201d t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_do_sut_giam_deo_Ductility_Dip_Cracking_%E2%80%93_DDC\"><\/span>N\u1ee9t do s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ebbo (Ductility Dip Cracking &#8211; DDC)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; X\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng 700\u20131000\u00b0C khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/HAZ c\u1ee7a inox austenit, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (S, P), h\u1ea1t to, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u01b0, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ch\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_nguoi_lien_quan_hidro_chu_yeu_voi_inox_mactenxitferrit\"><\/span>N\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan hi\u0111r\u00f4 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi inox mactenxit\/ferrit)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u00cdt g\u1eb7p \u1edf austenit, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi inox 410\/420\/430, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: hi\u0111r\u00f4 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mactenxit gi\u00f2n, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao \u2192 n\u1ee9t tr\u1ec5 sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_mieng_han_crater_cracking\"><\/span>N\u1ee9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n (crater cracking)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh sao\/tia t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed3 quang do kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n, t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_ket_hop_an_mon_ung_suat_SCC_sau_han\"><\/span>N\u1ee9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC) sau h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ee9t do h\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl\u2013 (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed9m nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint) ch\u01b0a t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-nguyen-nhan-goc-re-theo-nhom\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan_goc_re_theo_nhom\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 theo nh\u00f3m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vat_lieu_kim_loai_phu\"><\/span>1) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u &#038; kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: S, P cao, N cao (v\u1edbi 201) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng\/DDC.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201\/304 \u2192 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ER308L\/E308L-16 v\u1edbi FN 3\u201310.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316 \u2192 ER316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dissimilar (inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon\/430\/410) \u2192 ER309L\/E309L-16 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u1ea9m (que b\u1ecdc, d\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c) \u2192 t\u0103ng hi\u0111r\u00f4 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Thiet_ke_lien_ket_ga_lap\"><\/span>2) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf li\u00ean k\u1ebft &#038; g\u00e1 l\u1eafp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u00ecm h\u00e3m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1 k\u00e9m \u2192 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00f5m, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng\/hai b\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng \u2192 t\u0103ng n\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 backing\/kh\u00f4ng back purge v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng \u2192 ch\u00e1y xuy\u00ean, \u201csugaring\u201d ph\u00eda trong l\u00e0m m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Che_do_ky_thuat_han\"><\/span>3) Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 &#038; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1edbp \u0111\u1eafp d\u00e0y, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t th\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eebng\/kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed3 quang nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (interpass) qu\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Khi_bao_ve_mat_sau\"><\/span>4) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 &#038; m\u1eb7t sau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CO2 qu\u00e1 cao khi MIG inox \u2192 oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt\/n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng back purge trong \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p \u2192 O2 ph\u00eda trong cao, t\u1ea1o oxit gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Tinh_trang_be_mat_hau_han\"><\/span>5) T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t &#038; h\u1eadu h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea9n d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t\/Fe b\u00e1m \u2192 h\u1ed3 quang kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0103ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0i t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eafc, g\u00f3c c\u1ee9ng \u2192 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9-th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u2192 t\u0103ng SCC sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-chan-doan-tai-xuongcong-truong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_chan_doan_tai_xuongcong_truong\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B1. D\u1eebng h\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t; ghi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111ang d\u00f9ng (I, V, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, gas).<br \/>\n&#8211; B2. Ki\u1ec3m tra NDT:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u m\u00e0u (PT) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u1ecfng\/\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf; n\u1ed9i soi borescope \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1eb7t trong.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Macro-etch c\u1eaft m\u1eabu (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ee9t (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m\/HAZ).<br \/>\n&#8211; B3. R\u00e0 so\u00e1t v\u1eadt t\u01b0: m\u00e1c th\u00e9p \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m tra FN d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (theo bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 WRC).<br \/>\n&#8211; B4. Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00ed: lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft; n\u1ebfu back purge \u0111o O2 d\u01b0 (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau <50\u2013100 ppm cho inox 201\/304\/316 trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch).  \n- B5. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu WPS\/PQR\/AWS D1.6 ho\u1eb7c ISO 15614; so s\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-giai-phap-khac-phuc-tuc-thoi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap_khac_phuc_tuc_thoi\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng n\u1ee9t (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10\u201315 mm hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t), v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ch\u1eef V\/U ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n v\u00e1 theo WPS s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi austenit (201\/304\/316): d\u00f9ng ER308L\/316L c\u00f3 FN 3\u201310; gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trung b\u00ecnh, l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng, d\u00e2y \u201cstringer\u201d h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf dao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi ferrit\/mactenxit (430\/410): ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t 100\u2013200\u00b0C (t\u00f9y chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/m\u00e1c), d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00edt hi\u0111r\u00f4; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ram\/m\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed3 quang b\u1eb1ng d\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng (downslope) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; PT l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1ee9t; t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9-th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-bien-phap-phong-ngua-lau-dai-cot-loi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bien_phap_phong_ngua_lau_dai_cot_loi\"><\/span>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i (c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Lua_chon_kim_loai_han_dung_FN_va_mac\"><\/span>1) L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang FN v\u00e0 m\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FN m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenit: 3\u201310 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng (tham chi\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 WRC-1992).<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 \u2194 201\/304: ER308L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316: ER316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox \u2194 th\u00e9p carbon\/430\/410: l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m ER309L tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng que d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p \u201cL\u201d (C th\u1ea5p) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u1ea1t ranh, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro SCC sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kiem_soat_nhiet_dua_vao_va_nhiet_do_lop\"><\/span>2) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o (Heat Input) h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: H (kJ\/mm) \u2248 (V \u00d7 I \u00d7 60) \/ (1000 \u00d7 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 mm\/ph\u00fat).<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng\/h\u1ed9p 1.0\u20131.5 mm (TIG DCEN): 40\u201380 A, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng\/h\u1ed9p 2\u20133 mm (TIG): 70\u2013120 A; (MIG xung d\u00e2y 0.8\u20131.0 mm): 60\u2013120 A, 16\u201320 V, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 8\u201314 m\/ph\u00fat (t\u00f9y m\u00e1y).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eef interpass v\u1edbi austenit <150\u00b0C; v\u1edbi ferrit\/mactenxit theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng <100\u2013150\u00b0C sau ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t).\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Khi_bao_ve_va_back_purge\"><\/span>3) Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 back purge<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; TIG\/GTAW: Ar 99,99%, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 8\u201314 L\/ph\u00fat; d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee5p g\u1ed1m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gas lens \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; MIG\/GMAW inox: Ar + 1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar + 1\u20133% CO2; tr\u00e1nh CO2 cao g\u00e2y oxy h\u00f3a\/n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Back purge khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p k\u00edn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00ea kh\u00ed (purge dam) ch\u1ed1ng r\u00f2; x\u1ea3 5\u201310 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n t\u00f9y th\u1ec3 t\u00edch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau O2 m\u1eb7t sau <50\u2013100 ppm \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u201csugaring\u201d. V\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao, <20 ppm.  \n  - Duy tr\u00ec post-flow 5\u201310 gi\u00e2y khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed3 quang.\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Thiet_ke_lien_ket_ga_lap_va_duong_han\"><\/span>4) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf li\u00ean k\u1ebft, g\u00e1 l\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m k\u00ecm h\u00e3m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, chia \u0111o\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn khe h\u1edf\/ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00f5m; \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cstringer beads\u201d thay v\u00ec dao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean inox austenit m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n; v\u1edbi MIG\/TIG xung, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Be_mat_sach_va_xu_ly_sau_han\"><\/span>5) B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, b\u1ee5i, oxit tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0n; d\u00f9ng ch\u1ed5i inox ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (pickling\/passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 SCC v\u00e0 m\u1ed3i n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-thong-so-tham-khao-nhanh-cho-xuong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_so_tham_khao_nhanh_cho_xuong\"><\/span>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; TIG \u1ed1ng inox 304 d\u00e0y 1.2 mm:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c: 2.4 mm 2% Thoriated ho\u1eb7c Lanthanated, m\u00e0i nh\u1ecdn 20\u201330\u00b0.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f2ng: 55\u201375 A; kh\u00ed Ar 10\u201312 L\/ph\u00fat; ch\u1ee5p #12 c\u00f3 gas lens.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Que: ER308L \u00d81.6 mm; c\u1ea5p d\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea9y\u201d qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Back purge: Ar 5\u20138 L\/ph\u00fat; O2 <100 ppm.  \n- MIG xung \u1ed1ng 201 d\u00e0y 1.0 mm, d\u00e2y 0.8 mm ER308LSi:  \n  - D\u00f2ng 65\u201390 A; 17\u201319 V; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2y 6\u20139 m\/ph\u00fat; kh\u00ed Ar+2%CO2 12\u201316 L\/ph\u00fat.  \n  - H\u00e0n \u201cpush angle\u201d 10\u201315\u00b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n h\u1eb9p, l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.  \n- 430 d\u00e0y 3 mm (SMAW):  \n  - Ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t 150\u2013200\u00b0C; que E309L-16 ho\u1eb7c E430-16 kh\u00f4 (s\u1ea5y 300\u00b0C\/1\u20132 h).  \n  - Gi\u1eef interpass <100\u2013120\u00b0C; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ram theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tieu-chuan-ap-dung-chap-nhan-va-ho-so-chat-luong\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_ap_dung_chap_nhan_va_ho_so_chat_luong\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ISO 5817: n\u1ee9t l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p (B\/C\/D).<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6 (Stainless Steel) \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn WPS, v\u1eadt t\u01b0, NDT v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: l\u1eadp WPS\/PQR ri\u00eang cho 201\/304\/316\/430; ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd O2 khi back purge; l\u01b0u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m que\/d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ec sao 201 d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n 304?<br \/>\n  \u2192 H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mn, N cao l\u00e0m d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft tinh r\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y n\u1ee9t; ch\u1ecdn ER308L c\u00f3 FN ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, h\u00e0n l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng, gi\u1ea3m k\u00ecm h\u00e3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 100% CO2 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n MIG inox kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  \u2192 Kh\u00f4ng. 100% CO2 g\u00e2y oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4, t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i n\u1ee9t. D\u00f9ng Ar+1\u20133% CO2 ho\u1eb7c Ar+1\u20132% O2.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cSugaring\u201d m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t?<br \/>\n  \u2192 Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y gi\u00f2n, r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i n\u1ee9t\/\u0103n m\u00f2n. Lu\u00f4n back purge v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9-th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n sau h\u00e0n cho 304\/316?<br \/>\n  \u2192 Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. V\u1edbi 410\/420 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ram\/temper; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chon-loc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_tham_khao_chon_loc\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ISO 5817: Welding \u2014 Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys \u2014 Quality levels.<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M: Structural Welding Code \u2014 Stainless Steel (American Welding Society).<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute): Solidification cracking and Ductility Dip Cracking in austenitic stainless steels (twi-global.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric: Stainless Steel Welding Guide v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 MIG\/TIG (lincolnelectric.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu\/Alleima: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (outokumpu.com; alleima.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; SSINA: Welding of Stainless Steels (ssina.com).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng, h\u1ed9p inox ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (FN\/t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t), k\u00ecm h\u00e3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o\/ k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed k\u00e9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 5 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t: ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u00e0 FN; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o &#038; interpass; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 back purge chu\u1ea9n; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\/g\u00e1 l\u1eafp gi\u1ea3m k\u00ecm h\u00e3m; v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u1ee9t x\u1ea3y ra: m\u00e0i b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i theo WPS \u0111\u00fang, ki\u1ec3m tra PT v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng\/ngu\u1ed9i\/DDC, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u00edn, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ISO\/AWS cho m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng, h\u1ed9p inox.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo m\u00e1c inox, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng, h\u1ed9p inox v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed cho 201\/304\/316\/430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2629"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2629\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}